Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “experiment”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Abiotic formation of bioorganic compounds in space--preliminary experiments on ground and future exobiology experiments in space.

Simulation experiments on ground have shown that "amino acid precursors", which give amino acids after acid-hydrolysis, can be formed when an ice mixture simulating ice mantles of interstellar dust particles (lSDs) is irradiated with high energy particles or UV light. It is strongly suggested that such bioorganic compounds were delivered by comets for the first biosphere on the Earth. It is of great interest to confirm this hypothesis in actual space conditions, such as in an exposed facility of JEM. Fundamental designs for such exobiology experiments in earth orbit (EEEO) will be discussed.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2000

Effects of side cooling on temperature, humidity and water recycling efficiency in a culture vessel for a space experiment--results of ground experiment.

Seed-to-seed experiments using dwarf plants will be conducted in Cell Biology Experiment Facility (CBEF) set up in the International Space Station (ISS). Development of a simple system to recycle water transpired by plants is necessary to save space and electrical power. A cooling system using a cooling plate that cools one side of the ventilated culture vessel to enhance water vapor condensation was developed. Effects of side cooling on air temperature, relative humidity and water recycling efficiency in the culture vessel were investigated on the ground. Decreasing the cooling plate temperature lowered temperatures of cooled side and inside air. Cooling treatment also decreased relative humidity inside the vessel less than 90% and lowered the amount of water vapor lost from the vessel through ventilation filters. This seemed to be due to the increased water vapor condensation onto the cooled side. To investigate the effect of increases in outside humidity on water recycling efficiency in the culture vessel, a water vapor transfer model was established. The calculation results indicate that an increase in relative humidity around the vessel can decrease water vapor loss from the vessel, increase water condensation onto the cooled side, and therefore, enhance water recycling efficiency in the vessel. The side cooling system seems to be useful for the CBEF in ISS because relative humidity in the CBEF is controllable.

Air Conditioning↗
PubMed1992

Relation between hospital experience and in-hospital mortality for patients with AIDS-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: experience from 3,126 cases in New York City in 1987.

There is marked debate about whether outcomes of care, particularly mortality, vary as a function of hospital and physician experience with a disease. This issue is especially important with respect to AIDS because greater than 200,000 individuals have now been diagnosed with this disease. We analyzed discharge data for 3,126 persons with AIDS who had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and who were treated at one of 73 New York City hospitals in 1987. In-hospital mortality was 25%. Factors associated with higher chances of short-term death were older age, being black, not having private health insurance, and being severely ill. A logistic regression model indicated that after controlling for differences in patient and hospital characteristics, the chances of death decreased when care was given at hospitals with higher caseloads of patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Our findings suggest that hospital experience may decrease mortality in this subset of patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease, although it is unknown whether this is due to differences in quality of care.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1978

[Physically handicapped pupils at a regular school - experiences of the school experiment "Lichtenau" (author's transl)].

As an experiment in integration, the joint placement of physically handicapped and non-disabled pupils into the regular class settings of a school belonging to the Hessisch-Lichtenau experiment makes special social and educational measures necessary both at school and in the residential home. The main activities have to be directed towards scientific studies of existing problems and their practical solutions. The following article describes the problems arising from the integrational efforts and suggests possible solutions.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Contact allergy to colophony. Chemical identifications of allergens, sensitization experiments and clinical experiences.

Colophony (rosin) is a widespread material which is obtained from species of the family Pinaceae. It has a complex chemical composition, which differs depending mainly on the recovery process. The global production is about one million tons a year and the largest single consumption is in the sizing of paper and paper board. Rosin is a common cause of contact allergy and is included in the standard tray for patch testing at dermatological clinics. Unmodified gum rosin is the material mainly used in the routine series. It is desirable to test with identified allergens in order to make the testing and diagnosis more reliable and establish a strategy for prevention. The principal aims of the present study were to compare the allergenicity of rosin of different origins, to isolate and identify some of the allergens in unmodified gum rosin, and to attempt to diminish the allergenic potential of rosin preparations. Tall oil rosin and different types of gum rosin were tested in guinea pigs and in man. The test reactivity corresponded well when comparing gum rosin from different sources, while tall oil rosin showed a lower reactivity. However, testing with more than one rosin preparation in the routine series detected additional cases. A clear dose-response relationship was obtained by patch testing with gum rosin, implying that a concentration of 10% in petrolatum is well worth considering for routine testing. Unmodified Portuguese gum rosin was fractionated by chromatographic methods. Isolated fractions and components were tested for eliciting activity in guinea pigs sensitive to gum rosin. Pure compounds were also tested in patients with known allergy to gum rosin. The structures of the isolated allergens were elucidated using spectroscopic methods. Abietic acid, the classical colophony allergen, was found not to be allergenic, while oxidation products of abietic acid and dehydroabietic acid were identified as allergens. The isolated allergens showed a pattern of cross-reactivity in the animal experiments as well as among patients with known allergy to gum rosin. 15-Hydroperoxyabietic acid was identified as one of the main allergens, apparently formed by air oxidation of abietic acid. Gum rosin was hydrogenated in order to minimize the content of easily oxidized acids of the abietic type. The hydrogenated gum rosin showed a reduced allergenic activity compared to unmodified rosin both in animal experiments and patch testing in man.

Abietanes↗
PubMed2004

A qualitative study of the experience of caring for a person with bulimia nervosa. Part 2: Carers' needs and experiences of services and other support.

OBJECTIVE: Family carers of people with mental disorders have specific needs to safeguard their own mental health. The needs of carers of individuals with eating disorders have received little attention. A focus group with carers of people with anorexia nervosa identified a number of specific needs (Haigh & Treasure [2003]. European Eating Disorders Review, 11(2), 125-141). However, there has been no published research into the needs of carers of individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN). METHOD: Twenty carers of individuals with BN were interviewed using a semistructured interview schedule. Interviews were transcribed and the texts were analyzed using a content analysis approach to identify themes. RESULTS: Carers expressed the need for more information, practical advice, guidance, and the need to talk to others about their experiences. DISCUSSION: Further research is recommended to explore how the needs expressed by carers may best be translated into services that effectively meet the requirements of both patients and carers and reduce the risk to carers' mental health.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2026

Exploring Professional Experiences in Caring for Vulnerable Migrants in an Italian Rural Reception Centre: A Qualitative Study Using Multidimensional Textual Analysis-Professional Experiences in Rural Migrant Care.

AIM: This study aims to explore the experiences, strengths, challenges, and potential improvements for professionals in managing the complex needs of vulnerable migrants (VM) in an Italian rural reception centre. METHODS: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted in April 2024. Data were analysed using the Automatic Analysis of Textual Data, based on Fraire's seven-step model for Exploratory Multidimensional Data Analysis. DATA SOURCES: Data were collected from 16 professionals working in a rural reception centre in southern Italy. Interviews were conducted and analysed using AATD in April 2024. FINDINGS: The analysis identified two main dimensions of professionals' roles: balancing systemic responsibilities with personal engagement and managing immediate needs versus long-term integration goals. Professionals face significant challenges, such as resource scarcity, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and emotional fatigue, which impact their well-being and the quality of care provided to migrants. Resilience, adaptability, and multidisciplinary collaboration were identified as key strengths. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the dual nature of professionals' work in reception centres, requiring them to balance operational tasks with emotional involvement in migrant care. Targeted interventions and systemic reforms are necessary to support professionals and enhance the quality of care for vulnerable migrants, particularly in resource-constrained rural settings. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND/OR PATIENT CARE: This study underscores the importance of providing targeted support to professionals working in reception centres, including training in intercultural competence, stress management, and coping strategies. Policies should address systemic challenges and provide resources to enhance healthcare delivery and social integration programs. REPORTING METHOD: This study adhered to the EQUATOR guidelines for reporting qualitative research (COREQ). The findings were reported in compliance with these guidelines, ensuring methodological rigour and transparency. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: This study highlights the critical need for targeted support and training for professionals working in reception centres, particularly in rural settings. To improve care for vulnerable migrants, professionals should receive training in intercultural competence, stress management, and coping strategies to better navigate the complex challenges they face. Furthermore, systemic changes are necessary to alleviate the pressures on reception centres, such as streamlining bureaucratic processes and enhancing healthcare infrastructure, particularly in rural areas where resources are limited. By addressing these needs, we can improve the well-being of both the professionals and the migrants they serve, fostering more effective support systems and better care outcomes. Additionally, fostering multidisciplinary collaboration and community engagement can contribute to more comprehensive and sustainable care models. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The Ethics Committee of the University of Rome Tor Vergata approved this study on 07/07/2021 (protocol registration number 160.21).

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Prediction of the unknown: inspiring experience with the CAPRI experiment.

We submitted predictions for all seven targets in the CAPRI experiment. For four targets, our submitted models included acceptable, medium accuracy predictions of the structures of the complexes, and for a fifth target we identified the location of the binding site of one of the molecules. We used a weighted-geometric docking algorithm in which contacts involving specified parts of the surfaces of either one or both molecules were up-weighted or down-weighted. The weights were based on available structural and biochemical data or on sequence analyses. The weighted-geometric docking proved very useful for five targets, improving the complementarity scores and the ranks of the nearly correct solutions, as well as their statistical significance. In addition, the weighted-geometric docking promoted formation of clusters of similar solutions, which include more accurate predictions.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1999

An Examination of the Joint Effects of Affective Experiences and Job Beliefs on Job Satisfaction and Variations in Affective Experiences over Time.

This study investigated the joint influences of episodic levels of pleasant mood at work and beliefs about one's job on judgments of job satisfaction, as well as examining the prediction of the patterns of affective states over time. Twenty-four managerial workers completed a diary during work hours which required them to report their mood state at four different times during the workday. The diaries were completed for 16 workdays. At a separate time they completed a measure of overall satisfaction, a Valence-Instrumentality-Expectancy (VIE) measure of beliefs about the job and two dispositional variables, dispositional happiness and affect intensity. Results showed that average levels of pleasant mood over the 16 days and VIE beliefs about the job made significant and independent contributions to the prediction of overall job satisfaction and did so over and above the contribution of dispositional happiness. Results also indicated that individual differences in affective intensity predicted the variability of pleasant mood over time as well as mean levels of mood activation. Finally, spectral analyses applied to the series of mood observations showed that the variability over time in the series of mood observations showed two definite cycles, one corresponding to a daily cycle and one corresponding to a two-period oscillation in mood. Results are discussed in terms of the joint influences of affective experiences and job beliefs on job attitudes and the importance of studying affect over time independent of job satisfaction. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

The everyday experience of an institutionalized sex offender: an idiographic application of the experience sampling method.

The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) is a novel assessment strategy that allows random sampling of thoughts, affects, and behaviors. In ESM studies subjects wear beepers that signal at randomly generated, preprogrammed times at which subjects fill out a questionnaire containing items related to current activity, location, thought content, mood states, etc. The ESM was used to examine the relationship between mood states and thought content in a hospitalized sex offender. The patient exhibited a very high frequency of thoughts with sexual content, as well as thoughts indicative of anger against women, personal inadequacy, and distress. He appeared to be a poor judge of his state of optimal well-being. Whereas he considered support from others to be related to optimal well-being, it was actually sexual thoughts about a woman that were associated with his optimal well-being. The present case study illustrates the value of the ESM in the study of complex thought-affect-behavior relationships.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1976

Temporary external valve drainage in hydrocephalus with increased ventricular fluid pressure. (Experiences with 202 cases). (Experiences with 202 cases).

When the ventricular fluid pressure has reached a level of 120 to 150 mm H2O, there is a risk of rapid internal herniation. The effects of corticoids and hyperosmolar drugs on this are not as striking as they are on brain oedema. The only efficient therapy is the establishment of an external ventricular drainage system proposed for the first time in 1941 by Ingraham and Campbell and regulated with a valve system by White et al. 1967. From our experience of 202 cases we review the technique, the indications, and the complications of ED.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1975

Parietal cell antibodies. Part II. Cytotoxic activities of parietal cell antibodies. Experiment 1. The observations on cytotoxic activities of parietal cell antibodies to normal human parietal cells in vitro. Experiment 2. The histochemical changes of rat stomach after administrations of rabbit anti-rat gastric mucosa sera.

Cytotoxic activities of P.C.A. to normal parietal cells were demonstrated in vitro. The changes were very similar to those of thyroid cells provoked by Hashimoto serum. The cytotoxic component was found to be immunoglobulin G. Complement was not added. Rabbit anti-rat gastric mucosa sera had no effects on the gastric secretion in rats, but histochemical changes were demonstrated. The changes were transient and returned to the normal state 60 minutes after injection of Anti-RGM sera. Activities of succinic dehydrogenase were most affected, particularly 3 minutes after injection. Decrease of activities gradually recovered to the normal condition. The comparison of C.A.G. with C.Th. was made. By the comparison between C.A.G. and C.Th., and by the results of experiments, the author considers that C.A.G. has the immunologically identical aspects with C.Th.. The author also considers that some immunological mechanisma are playing a role in the pathogenesis of C.A.G.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Correction of skull defects using hydroxyapatite cement (HAC)--evidence derived from animal experiments and clinical experience.

BACKGROUND: The development of satisfactory cranioplasty material and technique has been a continuing bio-engineering challenge. Cranial defects resulting from trauma, tumour or infection are most frequently reconstructed with nonviable alloplastic materials. At present, all synthetic or biological materials in the use for human cranioplasty are more or less ideal. METHODS: The in vivo properties of a fully resorbable bony substitute--hydroxyapatite cement (HAC, BoneSource) are described in clinical investigations and animal experiments. HAC is prepared from calcium phosphate precursors which are hydrated and harden endothermically at 37 degrees C to form hydroxyapatite. Bone formation and resorption characteristics of HAC are examined in an adult minipig cranial defect model. FINDINGS: Cranial bone integrity has been restored in ten of eleven patients. Radiographic examination 6 months after surgery reveal a successful reconstruction of the skull defects. Sections of the cranial defect site from animals sacrificed at 12, 18 and 40 weeks demonstrate that new bone formation proceeds in HAC filled osseous defects. Histomorphological evaluation of HAC resorption and new bone formation indicates that HAC is nearly completely resorbed within 40 weeks and replaced by new bone with no loss in size or volume. INTERPRETATION: Hydroxyapatite cement (HAC) has an excellent biocompatibility (non-immunogenic and non-toxic), seems to be an optimal implant for cranial reconstruction and provides a biological scaffold for bone formation. However, further studies need to be conducted to determine the long-term stability of HAC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Further experience of the mouse dominant cataract mutation test from an experiment with ethylnitrosourea.

6 mice with inherited cataracts and 1 new allele of microphthalmia were recovered from 923 progeny of untreated, outbred, PT stock females that had been mated to inbred C3H/HeH strain males, whose spermatogonia had been exposed to 250 mg/kg of ethylnitrosourea (ENU). The cataract phenotypes were quite variable in expression and 5/6 showed a similar range of phenotypes. 2 of the 6 mutant mice were daughters of the same ENU-treated C3H/HeH male and probably represent repeats of the same mutation. One mutation, designated lens opacity-4 (Lop-4), has been genetically mapped to the distal region of chromosome 2. The yield of 5 presumably independent cataract mutations from 923 F1 offspring is a little higher than that reported by others in similar but larger scale experiments. Approximately 3-5% of the F1 mice examined had cataracts, yet only 6/49 (12%) of these, in the experimental group, were inherited as simple Mendelian traits. We consider that this high frequency of false positives (88%), and the incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity of the cataract mutations that were found, pose serious problems that could undermine the objective nature of the dominant cataract mutation test. We suggest that further studies be made to evaluate whether the use of inbred strains would reduce the variability in the system and so make the test more objective. However, it seems likely that the high false positive rate will continue to be a serious drawback to this test system.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Liquid-holding experiments with human lymphocytes. III. Experiments with G0 and G1 cells.

Liquid holding (LH) experiments were performed with human peripheral lymphocytes treated in the G0 (G0-LH) or the G1 (G1-LH) phase of the cell cycle with diepoxybutane (DEB) or methylnitrosourea (MNU). In the G0-LH system, treatment with DEB but not with MNU led to a lowering of the frequencies of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE). In the G1-LH system treatment with both chemicals led to a lowering of the SCE frequencies during the LH. These results are concluded to mean that lesions induced by DEB but not by MNU can be repaired in G0 cells and that G1 cells can repair both DEB and MNU induced lesions.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Roles of visual experience and intrinsic mechanism in the activity-dependent self-organization of orientation maps: theory and experiment.

It is widely accepted that functional maps in the mammalian visual cortex such as ocular dominance columns and orientation columns are formed depending on neural activity. There is still, however, controversy on how much visual experience contributes to the map formation during development. In the present study, we address this issue from mathematical modeling and experimental investigation. Using a model of activity-dependent self-organization of geniculo-cortical afferent inputs, we showed that spontaneous activity in the LGN can produce orientation maps, while the exposure to drifting gratings results in sharply segregated orientation maps as observed in cat visual cortex. The restricted exposure to a single orientation of the grating led to the over-representation of the exposed orientation, which was moderated by the contribution of learning based on the spontaneous activity. These theoretical results were confirmed by intrinsic optical recordings from area 18 of kittens reared under various visual conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

The experience of starting a poison control centre in Africa--the Ghana experience.

The need for a poison centre in Ghana has been well demonstrated over the years as evidenced by the occurrence of a variety of cases of poisoning. Important causes are accidental poisoning from mishandling of pesticides, accidental poisoning among children from kerosene and pesticide' ingestion due to unsafe storage methods in the home, use of herbal potions of unknown composition, overdoses of certain pharmaceuticals for illegal abortion, and accidental food poisonings. Bites from venomous animals particularly snakes are also common. Though preparations toward the establishment of a poison control centre started in mid 1999, it was not until early 2002 that the operations of a modest information centre commenced. Major roles the centre are currently performing include providing: an information service for health professionals on management advice in cases of poisoning; training for primary health personnel in the management of common poisonings; training for agricultural personnel in prevention and first aid management of pesticide poisoning; public awareness education and information programmes for prevention of poisoning. Some of the important challenges being faced include ensuring adequate sensitization on the need for centers particularly among health professionals, difficulties in acquiring adequate numbers of and appropriate training for staff of the centre, dedicated phone lines, literature and timely acquisition of toxicological data-bases. Others are poor networking among centers in the region and the absence of clinical and laboratory toxicology services dedicated to managing poisonings. The key lessons learned include the need for multi-sectoral involvement and support from the onset, the need to learn from experiences of established centers and the need to model requirements to suit local conditions without compromising the effectiveness of services.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1988

Utilization, attitudes, and experiences of Vietnam Era veterans with Veterans Administration health facilities: the American Legion experience.

A random sample of American Legion members in six states who had served in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam Era was conducted through a mailed questionnaire, in order to determine patterns of usage of Veterans Administration health facilities, as well as attitudes toward the VA and experiences at these facilities. Of the 6810 male respondents, 42.0% had served in Southeast Asia. These subjects were categorized according to their level of combat in South Vietnam. Thirty-six percent of those who had served in Southeast Asia had used VA health facilities, compared to only 18% of men who served elsewhere. Among Southeast Asia veterans, combat level was an important predictor of extent of usage of VA facilities for problems of both physical and mental health. Combat level was also associated with lack of basic and major medical insurance. While men with lower incomes tended to make greater use of VA mental health facilities, nearly one-fourth of mental health users had family incomes above $30,000. Despite their greater usage of the VA, men with higher combat levels expressed lower feelings of security about this agency, and rated its staff less helpful and of lower quality than did men who experienced lower levels of combat. On the other hand, higher combat veterans thought themselves better informed about VA services. Men who had gone to the VA for mental health assistance reported a disturbingly low frequency of having been asked basic questions that relate to possible diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), questions related to combat, which may be one of its etiologic factors, or other questions relating to their military history. Because combat level in Vietnam veterans is a major determinant of both attitudes toward and utilization of VA health facilities, the VA as well as other health agencies which deal with Vietnam veterans should be especially sensitive to this factor, and should take it into consideration when evaluating veterans' physical and mental health.

Attitude↗