Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “computer sciences”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Ethics in the classroom: a reflection on integrating ethical discussions in an introductory course in computer programming.

In this paper, we describe our recent approaches to introducing students in a beginning computer science class to the study of ethical issues related to computer science and technology. This consists of three components: lectures on ethics and technology, in-class discussion of ethical scenarios, and a reflective paper on a topic related to ethics or the impact of technology on society. We give both student reactions to these aspects, and instructor perspective on the difficulties and benefits in exposing students to these ideas.

California↗
PubMed2002

Computational organization science: a new frontier.

Synthetic adaptation is the process whereby any entity composed of intelligent, adaptive, and computational agents is also an intelligent, adaptive, and computational agent. Because of synthetic adaptation, organizations, like the agents of which they are composed, are inherently computational. We can gain insight into the behavior of groups, organizations, and societies by using multiagent computational models composed of collections of intelligent adaptive artificial agents. CONSTRUCT-O and ORGAHEAD are examples of such models whose value for social, organizational, and policy analysis lies in the fact that they combine a network (social and knowledge approach) with a multiagent approach to effect more realistic behavior. The results from a series of virtual experiments using these models are examined to illustrate the power of this approach for social, organizational, and policy analysis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

On medical informatics.

This paper summarizes the author's point of view of defining medical informatics, to stimulate further discussions on how this "newly emerging discipline" should further proceed. We realize that the term "informatics" is related rather to the term "information science" than to "computer science". Accordingly, medical informatics deals with the systematic processing of information in medicine. Many information systems in medicine are interrelated and can hardly be regarded as independent systems. As a result, medicine becomes gradually more an "empirical science of extreme complexity". Because of its complexity and wide range of applications, medical informatics should be considered as a separate discipline, its aim being to contribute to the systematic processing of information in medicine. The contribution of medical informatics should be a better understanding of the human being and means for the provision of high quality patient care.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed1987

[Use of the computer in clinical medicine].

This article describes the application of computers in clinical medicine and the experience gained by the Institute of Medical Computer Science when introducing computer systems into the clinics of the University of Vienna Medical School in the last 20 years. It is shown what dramatic development has taken place in these years. The medical information system WAMIS with its central patient database is described as well as the medical record keeping documentation and retrieval system WAREL, which is destined to analyze medical natural language data. A further chapter deals with computers in clinical laboratories. At the end it is tried to point out future trends in applying computers in clinical medicine.

Austria↗
PubMed1993

Virtual reality in medicine.

Virtual reality (VR), as part of computer science, allows computer-based models of the real world to be generated, and provides humans with a means to interact with these models through new human-computer interfaces and, thus, to nearly realistically experience these models. This contribution explores the technical requirements for VR, describes technological advances and deficits, and analyzes the framework for future technological research and development. Although some non-medical applications are discussed, this contribution focuses primarily on medical applications of VR and outlines future prospects of medical VR applications. Finally, possible hazards arising from the use of VR are discussed. The authors recommend an interdisciplinary approach to technology assessment of VR.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1987

Public access computing in health science libraries.

Public access computing in health science libraries began with online computer-assisted instruction. Library-based collections and services have expanded with advances in microcomputing hardware and software. This growth presents problems: copyright, quality, instability in the publishing industry, and uncertainty about collection scope; librarians managing the new services require new skills to support their collections. Many find the cooperative efforts of several organizational units are required. Current trends in technology for the purpose of information management indicate that these services will continue to be a significant focus for libraries.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2001

Virtual modelling of the surgical anatomy of the petrous bone.

The surgical anatomy of the petrous bone is difficult to learn and to imagine due to the porous structure. Obviously the surgeon's training is based on cadaver dissections as we are still lacking good, versatile models of the temporal bone and its important structures. The clearly visible, rapid development of computer science provides us with new possibilities that should be immediately engaged in modelling and simulating the human anatomy. The virtual, three-dimensional computer model of the bony pyramid was created based on the tomographic x-ray 1 mm slices and evaluated in accordance to its usefulness in learning and planning the neurosurgical approaches to the petrous region. The model was created in the virtual reality markup language, in order to make it available through the Internet. The basic anatomy of the main surgical approaches used in this region was visualised and evaluated in accordance with the real, intraoperative anatomy. The model could be easily accessed through the Internet. It was user-friendly and intuitive. The model seemed to be helpful in planning the basic approaches to the petroclival region. Computer science, with the help of the virtual modelling techniques, gives us a powerful method of learning and training surgical anatomy and approaches, although cadaveric dissection still remains the main point of the surgeon's training.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1988

IAIMS development at Harvard Medical School.

The long-range goal of this IAIMS development project is to achieve an Integrated Academic Information Management System for the Harvard Medical School, the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, and Harvard's affiliated institutions and their respective libraries. An "opportunistic, incremental" approach to planning has been devised. The projects selected for the initial phase are to implement an increasingly powerful electronic communications network, to encourage the use of a variety of bibliographic and information access techniques, and to begin an ambitious program of faculty and student education in computer science and its applications to medical education, medical care, and research. In addition, we will explore means to promote better collaboration among the separate computer science units in the various schools and hospitals. We believe that our planning approach will have relevance to other educational institutions where lack of strong central organizational control prevents a "top-down" approach to planning.

Boston↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Connectionist models of memory].

Even if computer science, at its birth, had strong links with the neurosciences, it is today mainly oriented toward efficiency and robustness. For example, memory in a computer has few relationships with memory in a living being. Nevertheless, some domains in computer science are interested in this kind of modelling. In particular, connectionism, whose goal is to elaborate artificial neural networks, uses a formalism for its calculus inspired from calculus in the brain. Different kinds of memory that can be emulated by artificial neural networks, inspired by statistics or biology, are presented here. Their relationships with human memory are discussed together with their tentative interest for the biologist or the therapist.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Features of computer language: communication of computers and its complexity.

Motivated by computer science, in particular, by applications to data security, electronic correspondence and cryptography, interactive proofs extend the 2000 years old, well established notion of mathematical proof. The key to these development is complexity which is defined as the minimum amount of a certain resource needed to complete a computational task. In this paper, the idea of an interactive proof system and its application in computer science is illuminated on everyday examples, without giving technical details.

Computer Security↗
PubMed2000

[Current responsibility of information processing in gynecology].

Rapid development and innovative research in medical computer science influences physicians work. Not only new hardware but also network implementation changed the way of decision making techniques in medicine. The main reason for acceptance and distribution of the internet is the possibility to present information in a reasonable and contemporary way. A self-labeling of medical information by web authors and systematic critical appraisal of health-related internet information by third parties may help to filter harmful health information and to positively identify and select high quality information. The German Work Group for Information Technologies in Gynecology and Obstetrics (AIG) informs physicians about health care issues related to computer science.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1989

Teaching medical informatics to biomedical engineering students: experiences over 15 years.

The Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Informatics at Linköping University in Sweden were established in 1972-1973. The main purpose was to develop and offer courses in medicine, biomedical engineering and medical informatics to students in electrical engineering and computer science, for a specialization in biomedical engineering and medical informatics. The courses total about 400 hours of scheduled study in the subjects of basic cell biology, basic medicine (terminology, anatomy, physiology), biomedical engineering and medical informatics. Laboratory applications of medical computing are mainly taught in biomedical engineering courses, whereas clinical information systems, knowledge based decision support and computer science aspects are included within the medical informatics courses.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed2001

What is bioinformatics? A proposed definition and overview of the field.

BACKGROUND: The recent flood of data from genome sequences and functional genomics has given rise to new field, bioinformatics, which combines elements of biology and computer science. OBJECTIVES: Here we propose a definition for this new field and review some of the research that is being pursued, particularly in relation to transcriptional regulatory systems. METHODS: Our definition is as follows: Bioinformatics is conceptualizing biology in terms of macromolecules (in the sense of physical-chemistry) and then applying "informatics" techniques (derived from disciplines such as applied maths, computer science, and statistics) to understand and organize the information associated with these molecules, on a large-scale. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Analyses in bioinformatics predominantly focus on three types of large datasets available in molecular biology: macromolecular structures, genome sequences, and the results of functional genomics experiments (e.g. expression data). Additional information includes the text of scientific papers and "relationship data" from metabolic pathways, taxonomy trees, and protein-protein interaction networks. Bioinformatics employs a wide range of computational techniques including sequence and structural alignment, database design and data mining, macromolecular geometry, phylogenetic tree construction, prediction of protein structure and function, gene finding, and expression data clustering. The emphasis is on approaches integrating a variety of computational methods and heterogeneous data sources. Finally, bioinformatics is a practical discipline. We survey some representative applications, such as finding homologues, designing drugs, and performing large-scale censuses. Additional information pertinent to the review is available over the web at http://bioinfo.mbb.yale.edu/what-is-it.

Computational Biology↗
PubMed1999

Bio-calculus: Its Concept and Molecular Interaction.

The way for expressing biological systems is a key element of usability. Expressions used in the biological society and those in the computer science society have their own merits. But they are too different for one society to utilize the expressions of the other society. In this paper, we design the bio-calculus that attempts to bridge this gap. We provide syntax which is similar to conventional expressions in biology and at the same time specifies information needed for simulation analysis. The information and mathematical background of bio-calculus is what is desired for the field of computer science. We show the practicality of bio-calculus by describing and simulating some molecular interactions with bio-calculus.

Journal Article↗