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PubMed2003

Personality disorders and adult attachment dimensions in a mixed psychiatric sample: a multivariate study.

The associations between personality disorders and adult attachment dimensions were assessed in a sample of 487 consecutively admitted psychiatric subjects. Canonical correlation analysis showed that two sets of moderately correlated canonical variates explained the correlations between personality disorders and adult attachment patterns. The first and second attachment variates closely resembled the avoidance and anxiety attachment dimensions, respectively. The first personality disorder variate was mainly characterized by avoidant, depressive, paranoid, and schizotypal personality disorders, whereas dependent, histrionic, and borderline personality disorders loaded on the second canonical variate. However, these linear combinations of personality disorders were different from those obtained from principal component analysis. The results extend previous studies linking personality disorders and attachment patterns and suggest the importance of focusing on specific constellations of symptoms associated with dimensions of insecurity.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Facial morphology and obstructive sleep apnea.

In a sample of 25 adult male subjects with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea, the interaction among craniofacial, airway, tongue, and hyoid variables was quantified by means of a canonical correlation analysis. One lateral cephalometric radiograph with the teeth in occlusion was obtained for each subject together with overnight polysomnographic measurements before the initiation of therapy. A principal component analysis reduced the data base and one significant canonical correlation (r1 = 0.994) was identified for the 22 variables. Sleep apnea subjects showed a posteriorly positioned maxilla and mandible, a steep occlusal plane, overerupted maxillary and mandibular teeth, proclined incisors, a steep mandibular plane, a large gonial angle, high upper and lower facial heights, and an anterior open bite in association with a long tongue and a posteriorly placed pharyngeal wall. A multivariate statistical analysis extracted clinically significant associations among craniofacial, tongue, and airway variables. Subjects with sleep apnea demonstrated several alterations in craniofacial form that may reduce the upper airway dimensions and subsequently impair upper airway stability.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Symptoms of illness in late adulthood are related to childhood social deprivation and misfortune in men but not in women.

Experiencing adverse life events during childhood may increase vulnerability to physical illnesses and psychological disorders during adulthood. We developed an Early Life Events Questionnaire (ELEQ) with 12 scales and administered it to 92 relatively healthy elderly individuals (29 men and 63 women). A canonical-correlation analysis of the 12 ELEQ scales and physical and psychological symptoms revealed a significant canonical correlation. The results indicate that those who grew up in a family with a harsh climate and whose affiliation needs were not met tended to have more psychological and physical symptoms in old age. Regression analysis revealed that, in men, early life events accounted for 42% of the variance in physical symptoms and 39% in psychological symptoms. No significant relationship, however, was found between ELEQ scales and health outcomes in women. These results suggest that women may be less vulnerable than men to the adverse health consequences of childhood deprivation and other misfortunes.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Situational efficacy of anthropomotor types of young female handball players.

A battery of 26 anthropomotor and 15 situational handball tests were used in a sample of 155 girls aged 13 years, attending Split handball school for 4 years, for taxonomization and determination of relations among the areas analyzed. Figures were analyzed by taxonomic analysis using the model of polar types and canonic correlation analysis. Five types that basically corresponded to the positions in the team were identified in the anthropomotor area: universal player, wing player, outside player, middle outside player and circular player. Situation-related types showed three ways of presenting specific handball activity defined by the level of complexity of realization of specific tasks: specific handball efficacy, specific hand coordination, and movement with changes of direction. Two types of integrating attitudes, i.e. two ways of solving complex tasks, were established by canonic relations between the anthropomotor and situational types. According to the first, the energy articulated as dynamic mass is used for the purpose of achieving general handball goals, and it is typical for all-round players and outside shooters. According to the other one, different kinds of movements are used to achieve the goals in handball, typical for wing players and middle outside attack players, characterized by regulation of direction changes and handling the ball.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Canonical versus factor analytic perspectives on the structure of associations between the MMPI and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory.

A canonical correlational analysis of MMPI profiles versus Buss-Durkee hostility and aggression scales was conducted, resulting in the identification of a general hostility-aggression-maladjustment dimension and three relatively specific aggression-personality relationships. These findings were contrasted with those obtained from a factor analysis of the combination of both sets of scores. Though often used in previous studies of associations between the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory and other measures, factor analysis was seen to be less than optimally suited to such a purpose. It was concluded that canonical correlation is preferable to factor analysis when seeking to clarify the multivariate structure of relationships between two sets of variables.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Greater hemocyte bactericidal activity in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from a relatively contaminated site in Pensacola Bay, Florida.

Bivalve mollusks such as Crassostrea virginica inhabiting polluted estuaries and coastal areas may bioaccumulate high concentrations of contaminants without apparent ill effects. However, changes in putative internal defense activities have been associated with contaminant accumulation in both experimental and long-term field exposures. In an effort to elucidate these relationships, 40 oysters were collected from Bayou Chico (BC) and East Bay (EB) in Pensacola Bay, FL, two estuaries known to differ in the type and magnitude of chemical contaminants present. Oyster tissue concentrations of metals, tri- and dibutyltin (TBT, DBT), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in individual oysters, as were hemocyte counts (HCs), hemocyte bacterial killing indices (KI), serum lysozyme (LYS) and serum protein (PRO) levels. Average HC, KI, LYS and PRO were significantly higher in BC oysters, which also had significantly higher tissue concentrations of total trace metals, butyltins (BTs), PAHs, PCBs, pesticides, and Mn, Cu, Zn and Sn. EB oysters had low organic contaminant levels and no detectable BTs, but significantly higher concentrations of Al, Cr, Fe, Ag, Cd, and Hg. Simple correlation analysis between specific defense measurements and specific chemical analytes showed specific positive relationships that corroborated previous findings in other FL estuaries. Canonical correlation analysis was used to examine relationships between defense measurements and tissue metals using linearly combined sets of variables. Results were also consistent with previous findings-the highest possible canonical correlation was positive: r=0.864, P<0.0019 among canonical variables composed of HC, KI and LYS for defense, and Fe, Cu, Ag, Cd, Sb, Sn, Ni, Pb and Hg for metals.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

A generalized higher-order correlation analysis framework for multi-omics network inference.

Multiple -omics (genomics, proteomics, etc.) profiles are commonly generated to gain insight into a disease or physiological system. Constructing multi-omics networks with respect to the trait(s) of interest provides an opportunity to understand relationships between molecular features but integration is challenging due to multiple data sets with high dimensionality. One approach is to use canonical correlation to integrate one or two omics types and a single trait of interest. However, these types of methods may be limited due to (1) not accounting for higher-order correlations existing among features, (2) computational inefficiency when extending to more than two omics data when using a penalty term-based sparsity method, and (3) lack of flexibility for focusing on specific correlations (e.g., omics-to-phenotype correlation versus omics-to-omics correlations). In this work, we have developed a novel multi-omics network analysis pipeline called Sparse Generalized Tensor Canonical Correlation Analysis Network Inference (SGTCCA-Net) that can effectively overcome these limitations. We also introduce an implementation to improve the summarization of networks for downstream analyses. Simulation and real-data experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our novel method for inferring omics networks and features of interest.

Genomics↗
PubMed2005

Safety-culture in a Norwegian shipping company.

PROBLEM: Although there has been considerable interest in safety culture and safety climate in many industries, little attention has been given to safety culture in one of the world's riskiest industries, shipping. METHOD: Using both self developed items and items from published research on safety culture, safety climate, and quality and management style, a 40-item safety culture questionnaire was developed. The questionnaire was distributed in a self-administered form to sailors onboard 20 vessels and to officers attending a seminar in Manila. A total of 349 questionnaires were collected (total response rate, 60%). RESULTS, DISCUSSION AND IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed 11 factors when the Kaiser eigenvalue rule was used and four factors when the scree test criterion was used. The factor structure in the material confirmed structures found in other industries. The relative importance of the factors from the factor analysis on "level of safety" measures was tested by canonical correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results confirmed previous research and showed that the most important factors were influential across industries. To determine weather differences existed between nationalities, occupations, and vessels the factors from the PCA was subjected to Multiple Discriminant Analysis. Significant differences between occupations, nations, and vessels were found on one or more of the factors from the PCA.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Airport noise exposure and the postnatal growth of children.

To determine whether chronic exposure to airport noise affects children, a study was conducted of the physical growth of children, aged 5-13 years, from two communities, one exposed to airport noise (n = 148) and another, not exposed (n = 102). Ten standard anthropometric measurements were made according to U.S. Health Examination Survey guidelines, and information on the social and biological characteristics of each family was collected in interviews. Hotelling's T2-tests were performed comparing the noise-exposed and nonnoise-exposed samples. There was no significant difference between the sample for measurements of social and biological characteristics of the families (including socioeconomic status and maternal reproductive history). Parental anthropometrics differed significantly (T2 = 24.32, P = 0.0001) as did child anthropometrics (T2 = 21.01, P = 0.032). For the child anthropometrics, noise-exposed children's slightly smaller measures of body bulk, together with their larger facial breadths, contributed to the significant T2. When the entire sample (n = 250) was analyzed by multiple linear regression, noise exposure was a significant predictor only of male triceps and subscapular skinfolds. For these two variables, and most other anthropometrics, however, the beta coefficients were negative for both sexes. In order to include information on the covariance structure among all variables, a canonical correlation analysis was performed. Noise exposure loaded negatively on the third canonical variate and was paired with positively loaded measures of body bulk. Taken together, the three analyses suggest that while there is some evidence for a slight effect of airport noise on measures of body bulk for males in this sample, most measures of postnatal growth for both males and females were unaffected by the noise levels experienced.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The protonation of polyacrylate in seawater. Analysis of concentration effects.

The protonation of polyacrylate (PAA, MW 2 kDa) was studied potentiometrically at 25 degrees C, in mixed electrolyte aqueous solution simulating the composition of seawater, in the salinity range 30 < or = S < or = 40. The salt composition of different solutions was varied in order to study its effect on apparent protonation constants. Results were analysed using two fairly different approaches: by simple regression analysis on a combination of concentration parameters and salinity, and by canonical correlation analysis. Unexpectedly we found that variations on protonation constants, due to the different relative component concentrations, are fairly low, revealing a sort of buffering capacity of seawater respect to protonation properties of polyacrylate (and likely for other HMW and LMW polycarboxylates). The intrinsic protonation constant of polyacrylate 2 kDa at 25 degrees C and 35 salinity is log K(H*) = log K(int) = 4.399 +/- 0.004. The use of different pH scales and standard seawater compositions is also discussed.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2000

Effects of obesity and body fat distribution on lipids and lipoproteins in nondiabetic American Indians: The Strong Heart Study.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between obesity and lipoprotein profiles and compare the effects of total obesity and central adiposity on lipids/lipoproteins in American Indians. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Participants were 773 nondiabetic American Indian women and 739 men aged 45 to 74 years participating in the Strong Heart Study. Total obesity was estimated using body mass index (BMI). Central obesity was measured as waist circumference. Lipoprotein measures included triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), and apolipoprotein B (apoB). Partial and canonical correlation analyses were used to examine the associations between obesity and lipids/ lipoproteins. RESULTS: Women were more obese than men in Arizona (median BMI 32.1 vs. 29.2 kg/m2) and South Dakota and North Dakota (28.3 vs. 28.0 kg/m2), but there was no sex difference in waist circumference. Men had higher apoB and lower apoAI levels than did women. In women, when adjusted for center, gender, and age, BMI was significantly related to HDL cholesterol (r = -0.24, p < 0.001). There was a significant but weak relation with apoAI (r = -0.14, p < 0.001). Waist circumference was positively related to triglycerides (r = 0.14, p < 0.001) and negatively related to HDL cholesterol (r = -0.23, p < 0.001) and apoAI (r = -0.13, p < 0.001). In men, BMI was positively correlated with triglycerides (r = 0.30, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol (r = -0.35, p < 0.001) and apoAI (r = -0.23, p < 0.001). Triglycerides increased with waist circumference (r = 0.30, p < 0.001) and HDL cholesterol decreased with waist circumference (r = -0.36, p < 0.001). In both women and men there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between obesity and waist with LDL cholesterol and apoB. In canonical correlation analysis, waist circumference received a greater weight (0.86) than did BMI (0.17) in women. However, the canonical weights were similar for waist (0.46) and BMI (0.56) in men. Only HDL cholesterol (-1.02) carried greater weight in women, whereas in men, triglycerides (0.50), and HDL cholesterol (-0.64) carried a large amount of weight. All the correlation coefficients between BMI, waist circumference, and the first canonical variable of lipids/lipoproteins or between the individual lipid/lipoprotein variables and the first canonical variable of obesity were smaller in women than in men. Triglycerides and HDL cholesterol showed clinically meaningful changes with BMI and waist circumference in men. All lipid/lipoprotein changes in women in relation to BMI and waist circumference were minimal. DISCUSSION: The main lipoprotein abnormality related to obesity in American Indians was decreased HDL cholesterol, especially in men. Central adiposity was more associated with abnormal lipid/lipoprotein profiles than general obesity in women; both were equally important in men.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2005

Mating patterns, pollen dispersal, and the ecological maternal neighbourhood in a Prunus mahaleb L. population.

Gender polymorphism, plant-animal interactions, and environmental heterogeneity are the three important sources of variation in mating system and pollen dispersal patterns. We used progeny arrays and paternity analysis to assess the effects of gender type and density level on variation in mating patterns within a highly isolated population of Prunus mahaleb, a gynodioecious species. All the adult trees in the population were sampled and located. The direct estimate of long-distance insect-mediated pollination events was low (< 10%). Gender expression deeply influenced the mating system, decreasing the outcrossing rates (t(m)) and the pollen pool diversity in hermaphrodite trees. Long intermate distances (> 250 m) were significantly more frequent among female mother trees. Variation in local tree density also affected pollen pool diversity and intermate distance, with a higher effective number of fathers (k(e)) and longer intermate distances for female trees in low-density patches. A canonical correlation analysis showed significant correlations between mating variables and the maternal ecological neighbourhood. Only the first canonical variable was significant and explained 78% of variation. Outcrossing rates tended to decrease, and the relatedness among the fathers tended to increase, when mother trees grew in dense patches with high cover of other woody species and taller vegetation away from the pine forest edge. We highlight the relevance of considering maternal ecological neighbourhood effects on mating system and gene flow studies as maternal trees act simultaneously as receptors of pollen and as sources of the seeds to be dispersed.

Demography↗
PubMed1993

A comparison of functional indexes, derived from screening tests, of chronic alcoholic neurotoxicity in the cerebral cortex, retina and peripheral nervous system.

Thirty abstinent alcoholics and 30 age-, education- and occupation-matched normal control subjects were tested with the Category test, the Lanthony-15 test of color discrimination and the Biothesiometer test of vibration detection threshold. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed significant impairment of the alcoholics on these tasks (p < .007), but univariate analysis revealed that only the Category test yielded a significant difference (p < .001). Canonical correlation analysis, with age and education partialed out, was calculated on the alcoholics' data to determine whether duration, mean and maximum alcohol consumption, age of onset of alcoholism and duration of abstinence predicted performance on the tasks. The prediction was significant (p < .001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that vibration threshold, color preception and Category test performance were decreasingly predicted by the alcohol-related variables (p < .001, .006, .051, respectively). There was no higher incidence of hereditary dyschromatopsia in the alcoholic group than the control group. It was therefore concluded that all three functions (Category test performance, color discrimination, vibrotactile sensitivity) were impaired as a result of alcohol consumption.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Content and response-style in the construct validation of self-report inventories: a canonical analysis.

A common problem in establishing the construct validity of self-report inventories is the confounding of the purported meaning of test scores with response styles such as social desirability. Partial correlation is a traditional method of controlling such confounding effects. This paper demonstrates the analytic and interpretive advantages of using canonical correlation to remove the effects of a confounding variable. To this end, the present study examined the test protocols of 64 male inpatient alcoholics to determine whether a general measure of mental health (Sulliman Scale of Social Interest) was related to inventories that assess psychopathology (MMPI and PSI) beyond what one could expect by Ss responding in a socially desirable manner. The results of partial correlation and canonical correlation analysis were contrasted, which demonstrated the spuriousness of partial correlations in controlling for social desirability.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Comparing different measures of laterality: do they relate to a single mechanism?

In the present study, a total of 126 adults were given three dichotic tasks, two half-field tasks, a peg-board task, several tapping tasks, the dynamometer, and a handedness questionnaire. A hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out on the matrix of product-moment correlations of laterality scores for all possible pairs of tasks. This analysis suggested that the laterality scores fall into three clusters: auditory (dichotic listening) scores, visual (half-field) scores, and manual (performance) scores. Canonical correlation analysis showed that these clusters must be considered to be independent of each other. The results are discussed with respect to the traditional interpretation of the concept of laterality. It is suggested that laterality phenomena may be dissociated and that this possibility deserves more attention.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1981

The relation of personality characteristics to body image disturbances in juvenile anorexia nervosa: a multivariate analysis.

The relationship between Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) factors and two separate measures of body image-estimation of body size and subjective report of distorted bodily experiences-was investigated using multivariate analyses in adolescent females with anorexia nervosa. A canonical correlational analysis of these data indicated the presence of two orthogonal dimensions defining the relation between personality and body image scores. In the first canonical variate, size overestimation and subjective body image distortion were both associated with MMPI scales reflecting somatization, anxiety, and atypical thinking; in the second variate, size overestimation alone was found to be associated with introversion and depression, while subjective body image distortion aligned with somatization and atypical thinking. The results suggest that different measures of body image disturbance are associated with different personality characteristics. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of personality factors in the pathogenesis of body image disturbances in anorexia nervosa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of liver function parameters by Tc-99m-GSA using multivariate analysis: a study of 47 clinical cases.

To investigate the correlation between nuclear medicine parameters determined by technetium-99m-DTPA-galactosyl-human serum albumin (Tc-99m-GSA) and liver function tests, canonical correlation analysis was performed. Tc-99m-GSA studies were performed on 47 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who had undergone transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). The nuclear medicine parameters LU15, HH15 and LHL15, which are results of nuclear imaging tests, were chosen in combination with the following liver function tests: the serum bilirubin level (T.Bil), the serum albumin level (Alb), serum cholinesterase activity (Ch-E), the clearance rate of indocyanine green (KICG), the hepaplastin test (HPT) and the prothrombin time (PT). The canonical correlation coefficient was 0.7345 and the upper tail probability was 0.00167. A significant correlation was observed between the two sets of variables. The high structural coefficients of Ch-E, KICG and HPT indicated a close relationship with the nuclear medicine parameters, supporting the notion that these nuclear medicine parameters are useful for the estimation of liver damage. The structural coefficients of the nuclear medicine parameters were also high, with LU15 being a parameter as useful as both HH15 and LHL15. T.Bil may evaluate a liver function that is not measured by nuclear imaging techniques, so we should take T.Bil results into account before considering TAE.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Correlation of airway obstruction and patient-reported endpoints in clinical studies.

To establish the correlation among asthma efficacy parameters over a long period, data from over 1,500 patients in two one-year asthma clinical trials with montelukast, a Cys-LT1 antagonist, were analysed. Airway obstruction measurements, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF), were measured at clinic visits. Patients recorded daytime symptom score, "as-needed" beta-agonist use, and PEF on a daily basis. Relationships among these parameters at baseline and during the one-year treatment period were established by correlation analyses. Multiple correlations between the airway obstruction (FEV1 and PEF) and patient-reported measurements were evaluated by canonical correlation analysis. Pairwise correlations of the efficacy parameters over a one-year time period were stable. Canonical correlation between the airway obstruction and patient-reported asthma efficacy endpoints was low, indicating that each category of endpoints measures a distinctively different aspect of the disease. It appears that at least one endpoint from each category should be used in asthma clinical studies.

Acetates↗