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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

A combined experimental and theoretical study of the kinetics and mechanism of the addition of alcohols to electronically stabilized silenes: a new mechanism for the addition of alcohols to the Si=C bond.

The stabilized silene 1,1-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2-adamantylidenesilane (4) has been generated by photolysis of a novel trisilacyclobutane derivative in various solvents and studied directly by kinetic UV spectrophotometry. Silene 4 decays with second-order kinetics in degassed hexane solution at 23 degrees C (k/epsilon = 8.6 x 10(-6) cm s(-1)) due to head-to-head dimerization. It reacts rapidly with oxygen [k(25 degrees C) approximately 3 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1)] but approximately 10 orders of magnitude more slowly with methanol (MeOH) than other silenes that have been studied previously. The data are consistent with a mechanism involving reaction with the hydrogen-bonded dimer of the alcohol, (MeOH)(2) (k = 40 +/- 3 M(-1) s(-1); k(H)/k(D) = 1.7 +/- 0.2). The stable analogue of silene 4, 1-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-1-trimethylsilyl-2-adamantylidenesilane (5), reacts approximately 50 times more slowly, but via the same mechanism. The mechanism for addition of water and methanol (ROH; R = H, Me) to 4, 5, and the model compound 1,1-bis(silyl)-2,2-dimethylsilene (3a) has been studied computationally at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) and MP2/6-31G(d) levels of theory. Hydrogen-bonded complexes with monomeric and dimeric methanol, in which the Si=C bond plays the role of nucleophile, have been located computationally for all three silenes. Reaction pathways have been characterized for reaction of the three silenes with monomeric and dimeric ROH and reveal significantly lower barriers for reaction with the dimeric form of the alcohol in each case. The calculations indicate that 5 should be approximately 40-fold less reactive toward dimeric MeOH than 4, in excellent agreement with the approximately 50-fold difference in the experimental rate constants for reaction in hexane solution.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Structural reassignment of the mono- and bis-addition products from the addition reactions of N-(Diphenylmethylene)glycinate esters to [60]fullerene under Bingel conditions.

The addition of N-(diphenylmethylene)glycinate esters (Ph2C=NCH2CO2R) to [60]fullerene under Bingel conditions gives [60]fullerenyldihydropyrroles and not methano[60]fullerenyl iminoesters [C60C(CO2R)(N=CPh2)] as previously reported. Unequivocal evidence for the structure of C60C(CO2Et)(N=CPh2) was provided by INADEQUATE NMR studies on 13C enriched material. New mechanistic details are proposed to account for the formation of [60]fullerenyldihydropyrroles and their reductive ring-opening reactions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Does the addition of ketotifen to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs confer any additional benefit in rheumatoid arthritis?

Ketotifen (benzocycloheptathiophene) was evaluated in a double-blind study of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Sixty patients were randomly allocated to receive active or matching placebo drug and reviewed 6 weekly for 24 weeks. Conventional NSAIDs were continued throughout. Disease activity was assessed clinically and biochemically at weeks 0, 12 and 24. Nineteen patients remained on active drug for 24 weeks and 11 on placebo. Significant improvement in articular index was seen in both groups but no objective improvement was noted in either group. No undue toxicity was encountered in either group. Use of a drug considered to have selective LTC4 and LTD4 antagonism in combination with conventional cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors did not confer any additional benefit in rheumatoid arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The in vitro quality of red blood cells frozen with 40 percent (wt/vol) glycerol at -80 degrees C for 14 years, deglycerolized with the Haemonetics ACP 215, and stored at 4 degrees C in additive solution-1 or additive solution-3 for up to 3 weeks.

BACKGROUND: Red blood cells (RBCs) frozen with 40 percent (wt/vol) glycerol, stored at -80 degrees C (mean temperature; range, -65 to -90 degrees C) for 14 years, deglycerolized in the Haemonetics automated cell processor (ACP) 215 with the 325-mL disposable bowl, and stored at 4 degrees C in additive solution (AS)-1 or AS-3 for 21 days were evaluated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 106 units of citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1 RBCs were frozen with 40 percent (wt/vol) glycerol in the original 800-mL polyvinylchloride plastic bag and stored in corrugated cardboard boxes at -80 degrees C for 14 years. The thawed units were deglycerolized with the ACP 215 with a 325-mL disposable bowl and stored in AS-1 or AS-3 at 4 degrees C for 21 days. RESULTS: The freeze-thaw recovery value was 94 +/- 4 percent (mean +/- SD), the freeze-thaw-wash recovery value was 80 +/- 7 percent, and there was no breakage. Thirty-eight units were processed as 19 pairs. Two units of ABO-matched units were thawed, pooled, divided equally into two units, and deglycerolized. One unit was stored in AS-1 and the other in AS-3 at 4 degrees C for 21 days. Units stored in AS-1 exhibited significantly greater hemolysis than those stored in AS-3. CONCLUSIONS: Acceptable results were achieved when RBCs frozen at -80 degrees C for 14 years were deglycerolized in the ACP 215. Deglycerolized RBCs in AS-1 exhibited significantly higher hemolysis than those in AS-3 after storage at 4 degrees C for 7 to 21 days.

Blood Preservation↗
PubMed1993

Modification of liposomes by addition of HCO60. I. Targeting of liposomes to liver by addition of HCO60 to liposomes.

The influence of HCO60 on the blood clearance and tissue distribution of soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes, encapsulating alpha-tocopherol as a marker, was studied in rats. The liposomes were prepared by the hydration method from a lipid film containing different amounts of HCO60, and by extrusion through a 0.1 micron polycarbonate membrane filter. The blood clearance and liver uptake of alpha-tocopherol after i.v. administration increased with increasing the amount of HCO60 the liposome contained. With 80 wt% HCO60 liposomes, the accumulation of alpha-tocopherol in the liver was approximately three-fold that of the 100% PC liposomes. The uptake by lungs, spleen and kidneys did not change with the addition of HCO60. The findings obtained in a gel-filtration study suggested that alpha-tocopherol is not removed from the liposomes, with or without HCO60, by rat plasma proteins and the HCO60 micelle may form a complex with rat plasma proteins. Our findings suggest that liposomes containing large amounts of HCO60 (more than 60 wt%) will be useful for delivering drug to the liver.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phase separation modulation and aggregation prevention: mechanism of the non-solvent addition method in the presence and absence of polyisobutylene as an additive.

The mechanism by which microcapsule aggregation is diminished in the presence of low concentrations of adjunct non-walling polymers such as polyisobutylene (PIB) in organic solvents is uncertain. It is here investigated by phase separation studies employing the non-solvent addition method (cyclohexane) in parallel with microencapsulation experiments, using Eudragit wall polymers and tetrahydrofurane (THF) as solvent with and without PIB. Polymer incompatibility leads to formation of two dilute liquid phases and emulsification from the outset. Progressive solvent transfer to the PIB phase modulates the rate of wall polymer desolvation and maintains the concentrated wall polymer phase in a fluid state during the critical microencapsulation stages of wall polymer entrapment--and spreading. A three-phase system is formed when gelling ensues (L1 + L2 + gel). In the absence of PIB, phase separation leads immediately to deposition of the wall polymer in gel form (L1 + gel) leading to adhesion. Phase diagrams are presented.

Capsules↗
PubMed1995

Studies on the tumor-promoting activities of additives in biomaterials: inhibition of metabolic cooperation by additives such as pigments and phenolic antioxidants.

The inhibitory activities on the intercellular gap-junctional communication were investigated using the V79 metabolic cooperation (MC) assay for the detection of tumor-promoting activities of additives such as pigments and phenolic antioxidants. Among six pigments, four chemicals showed inhibitory activities. The inhibitory potencies were ranked in the following order: sudan I > purple 201 > blue 204 > green 202. Sudan I and purple 201 showed stronger inhibitory activities than lithocholic acid, which is known to be a tumor promotor. However, quinizarine and red 225 did not inhibit at any concentration. Relating to eight phenolic antioxidants, four chemicals also showed inhibitory activities. Combining the present findings with previous ones, there are many factors that have tumor-promoting activities via inhibitory action on gap-junctional intercellular communication in biomaterials.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Nonconventional carbon additions to azomethines. aryl amination/indoline synthesis by direct aryl radical addition to azomethine nitrogen.

[reaction: see text]. The generality of a new method for aryl amination has been defined. Ketimines derived from o-bromophenethylamine cyclize to the N-substituted indoline when treated with nBu3SnH and a radical initiator. The pH-neutral conditions tolerate base- and acid-sensitive functionality. The observed regioselectivity is nonconventional for addition reactions involving carbon radicals and carbon-heteroatom pi-bonds.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

[Inducing chromosome translocation and deletions by Chinese Spring-Agilops 2C disomic addition x Chinese Spring-Elytriga 5E disomic addition].

Crossing between two disomic addition lines, Chinese Spring-E. elongata and Chinese Sping with two gametocidal chromosomes 2C (from Ae. cylindric), was carried out to investigate the function of gametocidal chromosome. After scrutinizing the meiosis of pollen mother cells (PMCs) in F1 hybrids, several results were concluded: (1) In seven of the crossing combinations, the number of univalents exceeded the expected and some trivalents and tetravalents appeared also in MI; lagging, breakage and bridge of chromosomes were observed in anaphase and telophase; considerable micronuclei formed in telophase and tetrads. These were mainly caused by the gametocidal chromosome 2C. (2) Chromosomes 6E and 7E were more susceptible to the effect of the gametocidal chromosome 2C. (3) The gametocidal chromosome 2C functioned in prophase viz. the period of forming synaptonemal complex. Four F1 lines, 5-14, 5-37, 5-67 and 5-71, were identified to be T5ES 4AST5EL 2BS, T5EL 3AS, T5ES 5BS translocation respectively by using C-banding and genome in situ hybrydization(GISH) analysis. Deletion was detected in line 5-17 (short arm of chromosome 2A), 5-27(6B), 5-18(4B and 5B), 5-72(4A) and 5-4(4B) by C-banding analysis. The statistic data showed that gametocidal chromosome could induce translocation with a high frequency of 5% and reacted on group B more efficiently than on groups A and D since translocation involving chromosome 4A, 2B, 3A, 5B and deletion involving chromosome 6B, 5B, 4B, 4A 2A according to Endo's work.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed2002

[Constituent of natural food additive hokosshi extract and an analytical method for the additive in foods].

Hokosshi extract is obtained by ethanol extraction from the seeds of hokosshi (Psoralea corylifolia), which is used as a Chinese medicine. The constituents of hokosshi extract were analyzed. The main constituent was isolated using column chromatography, and identified as bakuchiol by TLC, LC/MS and NMR. Bavachinin A was also detected. In order to prepare a marker substance for hokosshi extract, bakuchiol was isolated from seeds of hokosshi using Sep-Pak cartridges. An analytical method for hokosshi extract in foods based on detection of bakuchiol was developed. Bakuchiol was extracted from food with 60 vol% ethanol. The extract was cleaned up using a Sep-Pak plus C18 cartridge, and bakuchiol was determined by HPLC. Seasoning and juice were spiked with hokosshi extract at 500 micrograms/g and analyzed by the proposed method. The recoveries of bakuchiol were 72-99%. The detection limit for the assay was 25 micrograms/g.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗