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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Self-induced water intoxication: a comparison of 34 cases with matched controls.

Of 2201 psychiatric patients in public facilities in a single metropolitan area evaluated for polydipsia, 34 (1.5%) were found to have a history of self-induced water intoxication. Among them, they had 101 episodes of water intoxication. Their mean age was 48.2 years, and they were predominantly white. Most had the primary diagnosis of schizophrenia. Compared with a matched control group, they had received more multiple courses of ECT but there were no significant differences in their use of psychotropic medications. Among nonpsychiatric medications, only phenytoin sodium and hydrochlorothiazide showed a trend toward significance.

Drinking↗
PubMed1986

Water intoxication in the course of an acute schizophrenic episode.

In the course of a schizophrenic episode a woman drank a large amount of tap water. She was found nearly unconscious in her room and was admitted to the clinic. Very low sodium and potassium values in the serum were indicative of water intoxication. During hospitalization she also suffered from several convulsive seizures. After replacement of electrolytes she recovered within 12 to 17 h. This case report demonstrates that water intoxication should also be considered in cases of suspected poisoning with other substances such as drugs. In all these cases an electrolyte status is indicated.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Water intoxication and brain edema in psychogenic polydipsia (author's transl)].

A case of psychogenic polydipsia is presented that showed psychic decompensation and compulsive drinking under the acute stress of an imminent operation for ovarian cyst. Without any indication of an underlying organic disease process the patient developed acute water intoxication due to the uncontrolled intake of water from the tap, this caused hyponatremia, brain edema, coma and status epilepticus. The physiology of water intoxication is reviewed in relation to this case, which is also remarkable for the acute onset and the shortness of the polydipsic state.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Water intoxication in a schizophrenic patient with rhabdomyolysis.

We report a case of water intoxication in a 54-year-old female schizophrenic patient with rhabdomyolysis. She had been admitted to a mental hospital, and treated with spiperone 6 mg daily. On August 3, 1992, the coma following a convulsion occurred. Laboratory data initially showed marked hyponatremia and hypochloremia with decreased serum potassium, and a gradual increase in serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK). The elevation in serum CPK with marked hyponatremia observed in the present patient was probably caused by excessive drinking of water. In this patient, the CPK elevation revealed the rhabdomyolysis.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1997

[A case of water intoxication presenting as urinary retention in a psychotic patient].

A 43-year-old man, who had been treated for chronic schizophrenia, was admitted to our hospital with the chief complaint of urinary retention. His serum levels of sodium and osmotic value were low and serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) was elevated to 2,624 mg/dl. He had been consuming about 9 liters of water a day for ten years. A diagnosis of water intoxication was made and treated successfully with water restriction and drip infusion. To our knowledge, this is the 23rd case of water intoxication with serum creatine phosphokinase elevation reported in the Japanese literature and this is the first case with the chief complaint of urinary retention.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and hyperglucagonemia in acute water intoxication.

When acute (four-hour) hyponatremia with clinical signs of water intoxication was produced in normal weanling mice by the use of hypotonic glucose or deionized water, there was a two-to-fourfold increase in plasma glucose concentration. Concomitantly, concentrations of plasma insulin fell 63 to 68 per cent, whereas plasma glucagon increased to 262 per cent of control. The findings are compatible with stress-induced catecholamine release.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

[Acute water intoxication as a complication of therapy refractory schizophrenia].

A patient with chronic paranoid schizophrenia with delusions of infestation and of grandeur type, developed polydipsia in the course of his illness which ended up in acute life-threatening water intoxication. Apart from somatic causes like SIADH, which are discussed in literature, water-intoxication could psychodynamically be interpreted in the sense of acting on delusions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

Water intoxication induced by low-dose cyclophosphamide in two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Cyclophosphamide (CY) is an alkylating agent used to treat a variety of autoimmune disorders. Water intoxication is a well-known complication of high-dose intravenous (i.v.) CY, but is rare in patients treated with low dose i.v. CY. We describe two patients with lupus nephritis and water intoxication following low dose i.v. CY. The first patient was treated with oral prednisolone and azathioprine for eight weeks with inadequate response and persistent renal inflammatory activity. Eight hours after the first i.v. CY pulse she had a grand mal seizure. The second patient had WHO class III lupus nephritis, and after a single i.v. CY pulse developed vomiting, diarrhoea and grand mal seizures. They were both fluid-restricted and their serum sodium levels returned to normal. In conclusion, even at low doses i.v. CY may induce hyponatremia related to inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. This potentially life-threatening complication of i.v. CY could be minimized by avoidance of overhydration following pulse i.v. CY.

Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating↗
PubMed1979

Water intoxication after oxytocin-induced midtrimester abortion.

Two cases of water intoxication assoicated with midtrimester induction of abortion with oxytocin are presented. Both patients recovered from this potentially fatal condition which is associated with acute hyponatraemia. Some of the pertinent literature is reviewed and the possible mechanisms of causation and measures for prevention and treatment are discussed.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1992

A survey of patient attitudes toward self-induced water intoxication.

Twenty male chronic schizophrenics suffering from self-induced water intoxication were administered a 15 item questionnaire to assess their understanding of and attitudes toward drinking fluids. Eighty-five percent stated they drank excessive amounts of fluids in order to feel better. These findings have implications for the treatment of patients with this disorder.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1998

Electrical and mechanical abnormalities in the heart of a schizophrenic patient with hyponatremia derived from water intoxication.

Electrical and mechanical abnormalities were studied in the heart of a schizophrenic male patient with severe hyponatremia and concomitant low plasma osmolarity induced by excessive water intake (so-called "water intoxication syndrome") by recording electrocardiography and echocardiography. There was a significant positive correlation between the plasma osmolarity and serum sodium concentration. The QRS duration of electrocardiography, an index of the ventricular electrical conduction velocity, tended to be prolonged and the left ventricular ejection fraction calculated by echocardiography decreased in proportion to the reduction of the serum sodium concentration. Lowering extracellular sodium concentration theoretically slows electrical conduction velocity, and was observed in this patient. On the other hand, low external sodium concentration should increase cardiac contractility via suppression of the forward mode operation of the sodium-calcium exchange mechanism, thereby increasing the intracellular free calcium concentration. However, this was not the case in our patient, because ejection fraction was not increased but rather significantly decreased with the lowering of serum sodium concentration. We speculate that in patients with water intoxication, the negative inotropism of the heart caused by low plasma osmolarity prevails over the positive inotropism caused by low serum sodium concentration.

Calcium↗
PubMed1985

Water intoxication: a possible complication during endurance exercise.

Four athletes developed water intoxication (hyponatremia) during endurance events lasting more than 7 h. The etiology of the condition appears to be voluntary hyperhydration with hypotonic solutions combined with moderate sweat sodium chloride losses. The reason why the fluid excess in these runners was not corrected by increased urinary losses is unknown. When advised to drink less during prolonged exercise, three of the athletes have subsequently completed prolonged endurance events uneventfully.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Water intoxication leading to hyponatremia and seizures: a rare complication of uroflowmetry.

Uroflowmetry is a standard non-invasive urodynamic test for the evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). For a reproducible study, the patients are asked to void after consuming enough oral fluids to have full bladder before the study. We report a case of water intoxication due to excessive oral fluid intake leading to water intoxication, hyponatremia and seizure.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Unsuspected urethral stricture presenting as acute water intoxication.

We report a case of an unsuspected urethral stricture that caused acute water intoxication with generalized convulsions. The patient drank excessive amounts of water in an attempt to relieve obstruction. Osmolality, water balance and renal function returned to normal after relief of obstruction. A urethral stricture should be considered in the diagnosis of a patient with severe dilutional hyponatremia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

[Young woman dies of water intoxication after taking one tablet of ecstasy. Today's drug panorama calls for increased vigilance in health care].

Increasing numbers of reports demonstrate that low doses of ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine--MDMA) may induce life-threatening conditions, such as hyperthermia and water intoxication. These lethal states are rarely due to overdose, and young women seem to be at particular risk. This is a case report of a 20-year-old previously healthy Swedish girl. She died of water intoxication and cerebral edema approximately 24 hours after ingestion of one tablet of "ecstasy" at a rave club in Amsterdam. Clinical findings and laboratory data suggested a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) induced by MDMA in combination with excessive intake of water. This case illustrates the dire consequences of the present drug abuse panorama, if the increasing need for awareness of potentially lethal complications is not met within emergency health care services.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Infantile seizures caused by voluntary water intoxication.

A case of infantile seizures of unusual etiology and presentation is described. Water intoxication with resultant epilepticus was caused by ingestion of nearly 150 ml/kg of fresh water on the day of presentation. It is unclear why the infant voluntarily consumed so much water, but heat illness is the most probable cause.

Diagnosis, Differential↗