Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Usaid”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2026

Cardiovascular Drug Access in Australia and New Zealand: New PBS and PHARMAC Listings, 2023-2025.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in Australia and New Zealand. Publicly subsidised access to new cardiovascular medications is governed by the PBS (Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme) in Australia and PHARMAC (Pharmaceutical Management Agency) in New Zealand, yet no consolidated resource catalogues recent listings across both jurisdictions. METHODS: We reviewed all new cardiovascular drug listings and indications on the PBS and PHARMAC schedules from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2025. PBS data were obtained from the PBS Pricing and Policy Branch through the Cardiac Society for Australia and New Zealand. PHARMAC data were obtained via direct communication with PHARMAC and cross-referenced with public schedule information. Pivotal trial evidence, restriction criteria, and prescribing considerations were extracted from published literature and regulatory documents. RESULTS: Five new cardiovascular drugs were PBS-listed (inclisiran, mavacamten, tafamidis, icosapent ethyl and migalastat), two existing drugs received new cardiovascular indications (empagliflozin and dapagliflozin for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction) and prasugrel was relisted for acute coronary syndrome. One major change occurred on the PHARMAC schedule (empagliflozin for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction). CONCLUSIONS: The 2023-2025 period has seen notable additions to cardiovascular pharmacotherapy in Australia, including the first cardiac myosin inhibitor, the first transthyretin stabiliser, expanded lipid lowering therapy options, and extension of SGLT2 inhibitor coverage across the heart failure ejection fraction spectrum. A pronounced access disparity persists between Australia and New Zealand.

New Zealand↗
PubMed1989

Field testing and comparative evaluation of rapid, visually read screening assays for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus.

Five rapid, visually read assays for detection of antibody against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were evaluated on fresh serum samples from 4000 prospective blood donors at Mama Yemo Hospital, Kinshasa, Zaïre. The sensitivity of the assays, based on 214 specimens positive by western blot, ranged from 84.6% to 99.1%. The specificity, based on 3664 samples negative by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or western blot, ranged from 92.7% to 98.8%. Three readers scored each test result independently; disagreement about test interpretation occurred in 1.2-8.3% of the specimens. There was no correlation between assay performance and assay principle (agglutination or dot immunobinding) or antigen source (viral lysate or recombinant). Assays such as these can be readily implemented in a developing country transfusion centre, where blood screening by ELISA is not practicable.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1994

The effect of price increases on contraceptive sales in Bangladesh.

In April 1990, the prices of five brands of contraceptives in the Bangladesh social marketing project were increased, by an average of 60%. The impact on condom sales was immediate and severe, with sales for the following 12 months dropping by 46% from the average during the preceding 12 months. The effect on oral contraceptive sales was less dramatic: average sales in the year following the increases dropped slightly despite a previously established pattern of rapidly rising sales. There appears no reasonable combination of events other than the price increase itself to explain most of the difference.

Bangladesh↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The control of measles in tropical Africa: a review of past and present efforts.

Measles in tropical Africa is endemic and cyclical, with a high incidence that usually peaks during the dry seasons. Measles may be a contributing factor in 10% of all deaths among African children. Several problems have hindered measles immunization programs in Africa; these include difficulties in maintaining the cold chain, poor epidemiologic surveillance, and the logistical problems involved in reaching a population that is 80% rural. The United States Agency for International Development and the World Health Organization both have programs that are helping to increase immunization coverage and to solve the problems just mentioned. Many countries have begun to train their own personnel to administer immunization programs. However, because of limited staff and equipment, a high birth rate, and an uncertain social situation, no firm predictions can be made concerning the permanent control of measles in tropical Africa.

Africa↗
PubMed1999

Rehabilitating health services in Cambodia: the challenge of coordination in chronic political emergencies.

The end of the Cold War brought with it opportunities to resolve a number of conflicts around the world, including those in Angola, Cambodia, El Salvador and Mozambique. International political efforts to negotiate peace in these countries were accompanied by significant aid programmes ostensibly designed to redress the worst effects of conflict and to contribute to the consolidation of peace. Such periods of political transition, and associated aid inflows, constitute an opportunity to improve health services in countries whose health indicators have been among the worst in the world and where access to basic health services is significantly diminished by war. This paper analyzes the particular constraints to effective coordination of health sector aid in situations of 'post'-conflict transition. These include: the uncertain legitimacy and competence of state structures; donor choice of implementing channels; and actions by national and international political actors which served to undermine coordination mechanisms in order to further their respective agendas. These obstacles hindered efforts by health professionals to establish an effective coordination regime, for example, through NGO mapping and the establishment of aid coordinating committees at national and provincial levels. These technical measures were unable to address the basic constitutional question of who had the authority to determine the distribution of scarce resources during a period of transition in political authority. The peculiar difficulties of establishing effective coordination mechanisms are important to address if the long-term effectiveness of rehabilitation aid is to be enhanced.

Cambodia↗
PubMed1989

Child Survival and Development toward Health for All: roles and strategies for Asia-Pacific universities.

Recently, discussion among academics and practitioners has focused on the potential roles, strategies, and functions of universities in the Asia-Pacific region in the next ten to fifteen years in the global initiative commonly referred to as the Child Survival and Development Revolution toward Health for All. (1) The purpose of this paper is to capture the practical key elements of recent discussions and to extend the current thinking into potentially useful guidelines or frameworks for universities of the region. Universities may then be better prepared to move forward in ways which promote the goals and interests of the Health For All movement and the well-being of particularly the world's children.

Asia, Southeastern↗
PubMed1985

Latin American health policy and additive reform: the case of Guatemala.

Until the mid-1960s, the market-based, dependent-development-conditioned structure of Latin American health systems reflected the skewed distribution of wealth in the region: most (including government) health resources were found in curative care medicine and were concentrated in the capital cities, where they primarily served the needs of the elite. But for many countries of the area, the 1964 PAHO-led efforts to introduce health planning, intended as a first step in rationalizing the health sector, marked a fundamental turning point in the structural development of their delivery systems. Since then, this commitment has been reaffirmed in the Latin American Ministers of Health's 1973 adoption of the primary care approach as the cornerstone of their national health plans, and their ongoing endorsement and pursuit of "Health For All by 2000." Guatemala, however, was and remains an exception. Guatemalan technocrats have proven unable to plan effectively. But, far more fundamentally, the Guatemalan oligarchy has proven unwilling to appropriate the resources necessary to effect change. The reforms that have been made have been the products of bilateral and multilateral agencies, which have conceptualized, promoted, designed, built, and underwritten them. Those changes have not altered the fundamental structure of the system, but instead have been tacked onto it, and exemplify what may be termed "additive reform." Evidence suggests that without the continued sponsorship, support, and guidance of the bilateral and multilateral agencies, even these "reforms" will prove evanescent.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1993

Study and introduction of family planning methods in developing countries.

Research in developing countries is essential for the evaluation of the safety, efficacy and acceptability of both new and already available contraceptives. Research conducted by scientists in developing countries has also played an essential role in the development of new contraceptives. The continuous delivery of progestin at a low dose, copper IUDs, contraceptive implants, monthly injectables and vaginal rings are examples of new methods developed with the input of research conducted largely in developing countries. When research in developing countries is funded or coordinated by international agencies, local scientists have to be involved not only in its implementation, but in the planning, analysis and dissemination of such research. The World Health Organization, the Population Council and Family Health International have played an important role in supporting collaborative studies for the development, introduction and evaluation of family planning methods in developing countries.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1987

Haiti.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Agriculture↗