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PubMed1975

The effect of oestradiol on the DNA synthesis in neonatal mouse uterus and cervix.

(3H)-Thymidine autoradiography was used to study the DNA synthesis in the stroma and epithelium in the uterus proper and the uterine cervix of neonatal mice treated with oestradiol. It was found that in the epithelium of the uterus proper the DNA synthesis is stimulated between 6 and 12 h after injection of oestradiol and decreases again at 18 h. In the stroma of the uterus proper the DNA synthesis is increased 18 h after oestradiol injection. In the epithelium and stroma of the uterine cervix the DNA synthesis decreases from 5 h and is strongly depressed 18 h after oestradiol treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Expression of folate receptor type alpha in relation to cell type, malignancy, and differentiation in ovary, uterus, and cervix.

The folate receptor (FR) type alpha is known to be frequently overexpressed in ovarian cancer and is the target for a number of novel experimental cancer therapies. The relative levels of FR expression among specific cell types and its relationship to malignant transformation have not been adequately established because of several inherent limitations of the immunocytochemical approaches used previously. We used a quantitative in situ hybridization method to examine the expression of the mRNAs for the known isoforms of FR in paraffin-embedded tissue sections of multiple samples of the various subtypes of ovarian, uterine, and cervical cancers. Benign lesions, as well as the various normal cell types in the ovary, the uterus, and the cervix, were examined similarly. FR mRNA levels were quantitated relative to the transcript levels for beta-actin using NIH Image 1.57 computer software. The results show that the ovary, the uterus, and the cervix present different patterns of FR regulation in differentiation and in malignancy. In the ovary, benign differentiation of the germinal epithelium into mucinous or serous tumors or malignant transformation into mucinous tumors is associated with down-regulation of FR-alpha, whereas FR-alpha expression is retained in malignant lesions of serous and endometrioid differentiation. In contrast, malignant transformation of the glandular epithelial cells of the uterine endometrium is associated with de novo expression of FR-alpha. Heterogeneity in FR expression within malignant ovarian and uterine tumors is related to differentiation. In contrast to the uterus, malignant transformation of glandular epithelial cells in the cervix may frequently result in down-regulation of FR-alpha. These results shed new light for the identification of malignancies suitable for FR-mediated therapies and for prognostic/diagnostic applications of FR. They also provide a phenomenological basis for molecular studies of FR regulation in malignant cells.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed1983

Reproductive traits of Holsteins and Jerseys. Effects of age, milk yield, and clinical abnormalities on involution of cervix and uterus, ovulation, estrous cycles, detection of estrus, conception rate, and days open.

Two hundred and twelve Holstein and Jersey cows were in a study to determine factors that affected reproductive traits. First ovulation occurred about 3 wk postpartum, and interval to first ovulation was greater in cows that had clinical abnormalities postpartum than in normal cows. Jerseys producing more milk ovulated sooner postpartum than lower producing herdmates. Involution of cervix and uterus occurred later postpartum in cows that had clinical problems postpartum. Involution of genital tract occurred later postpartum in older cows and sooner postpartum in cows that had higher milk yields. Duration of first postpartum estrous cycle was 4 days less than for second postpartum cycle. Percentages of estrous cycles detected by standing estrus were 43 and 73% for Holsteins and Jerseys. Estrous detection rates were highest for cows that produced slightly above the mean milk yield and did not differ between cows in highest and lowest milk production quartiles. First detected estrus and days to first insemination occurred later postpartum in Holsteins as milk yield deviation from herdmates increased, regardless of sign. In Jerseys, days to first insemination and days open increased linearly as milk yield increased. Days to first insemination and conception were greater in cows with postpartum clinical problems. Conception rate at first insemination postpartum increased in proportion to concentration of progesterone in blood samples collected during 12 days before first insemination. Overall, clinical problems at parturition and postpartum lowered reproductive performance in both breeds. There was a slight antagonism between milk yield and reproductive performance (days open) in Jerseys but not in Holsteins.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

[The inhibition of the development of experimental tumors of the cervix uteri and vagina by using tinctures of the cultured-cell biomass of the ginseng root and its germanium-selective stocks].

The anticarcinogenic effects of bioginseng and two germanium-selective drugs produced by cultivating cells of ginseng radix (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey) in a conventional medium or in media containing organogermanium compounds were studied. Squamous-cell carcinomas of the uterus cervix and vagina were induced by intravaginal applications of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in mice. The drugs of ginseng were used orally or intravaginally during a long period of time of the postinitiation stage of carcinogenesis. All the drugs used locally effectively inhibited the development of induced carcinomas of the uterus cervix and vagina. When orally used, the drugs of ginseng exhibited only an insignificant tendency to inhibit the carcinogenesis of uterus cervix and vagina. The anticarcinogenic effects of the compared drugs were similar.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1996

Messenger ribonucleic acid levels of collagenase (MMP-13) and matrilysin (MMP-7) in virgin, pregnant, and postpartum uterus and cervix of rat.

Evidence indicates that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are essentially involved in the postpartum involution of the uterus. As little information exists about the gene regulation of those MMPs in the uterus, this study aimed to characterize the time course of messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of rat collagenase (MMP-13) and matrilysin (MMP-7) in virgin, late pregnant (18th and 21st day), and postpartum rats (1, 2, 3, and 4 days postpartum). Rat collagenase (MMP-13) mRNA levels were very low in virgin and pregnant animals, but increased transiently 30-fold postpartum, reaching a maximum on the second day postpartum. The temporal course of mRNA levels of matrilysin (MMP-7) shows similarity with that of collagenase mRNA levels, but at any stage the abundance of matrilysin mRNA was at least 100-fold higher than that of collagenase. In virgin animals, matrilysin mRNA levels were dependent on the estrous cycle, being 3- to 4-fold higher in the estrous and diestrous stages than during metestrus. MMP-7 shows an approximately 25-fold induction when comparing the mRNA levels in late pregnancy and 2 days postpartum. In cervexes of virgin, pregnant, and postpartum groups, collagenase mRNA was not detectable. Matrilysin in cervix shows temporal mRNA expression similar to that in uterus, with a maximum on day 1 postpartum. In cervix, we found a 14-fold induction when comparing levels in late pregnancy and those 1 day postpartum. Taken together, our findings suggest that the increased activity of MMPs in the postpartum uterus is due to a strong increase in the mRNA levels of MMP-13 and MMP-7.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Infantile lymphoblastic leukemia with t(4;11) and septate uterus, double cervix, and double vagina: case report and review of the literature.

Translocation between chromosomes 4 and 11 has been associated with an aggressive subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. To date, 32 cases have been reported, 12 of which have been in infants. We report the 13th infantile case and the first associated with a somatic abnormality (septate uterus with double cervix and double vagina).

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2002

Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (type IV collagenases) and their inhibitors in the virgin, timed pregnant, and postpartum rat uterus and cervix by prostaglandin E(2)-cyclic adenosine monophosphate.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to examine whether the type IV collagenases (metalloproteinase [MMP]-2 and MMP-9) and their inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) are regulated by a prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2))-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) mechanism in nonpregnant virgin, preterm and term pregnant and postpartum rats. STUDY DESIGN: Sprague-Dawley rats were infused with either saline solution or PGE(2) over 24 hours or were noninfused. Plasma and tissue were analyzed for cAMP, MMP-2 and MMP-9, and TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. RESULTS: PGE(2) evoked elevations in plasma and tissue levels of cAMP and MMP-2 in the preterm and term pregnant rats. MMP-9 levels were elevated in the preterm plasma and uterus, whereas in the term pregnant and postpartum rats, MMP-9 levels were increased in the cervix. CONCLUSIONS: MMP levels in the pregnant and postpartum rat uterus and cervix are regulated in part by a PGE(2)-cAMP mechanism. Specifically, MMP-9 may be involved in preterm labor, cervical maturity, and involution of the postpartum uterus.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Intraspinal modulation of neuronal responses to uterine and cervix stimulation in rat L1 and L6 dorsal horn.

This two-part study examined intraspinal processing of input from the uterus, cervix and skin within the caudal spinal cord of virgin rats in estrus. The first part examined the effects of removing either pelvic or hypogastric nerve input (by appropriate dorsal rhizotomies) on neuronal responses to stimulation of uterus, cervix and skin in either the L1 or L6 dorsal horn of decerebrate, spinalized unanesthetized rats. Bilateral section of the T13-L2 roots (through which most hypogastric afferents travel) eliminated almost all responses to uterine distension in L1 and L6. Such rhizotomies also decreased the inhibitory effects of cervix input on neurons in L6. Bilateral section of the L6-S2 roots (through which most pelvic afferents travel) had no effect on responses to uterus, but decreased the inhibitory effects of cervix input on neurons in L1. Sections of both sets of roots eliminated responses to cervix stimulation in L6. The second part examined neuronal responses in T13/L1 of urethane-anesthetized rats before and after a T10 spinal transection. Transection increased the probability of observing neurons excited by uterine stimulation. Transection also increased excitatory responses and decreased inhibitory responses to cervix stimulation. These results confirm previous findings that input from the uterus to the spinal cord is mainly by way of the hypogastric nerve, while that from the cervix is by way of both the pelvic and hypogastric nerves. The results also demonstrate that descending influences in the estrous rat mainly increase the ability of cervix stimulation to inhibit spinal neuronal activity and reduce the effectiveness of uterine stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Radiotherapy of cervix and uterus carcinomas (Marburg results of 1960 to 1975)].

The authors present the therapy results and complications of 479 patients with carcinomas of the cervix and 241 patients with carcinomas of the body of the uterus. The five-year survival rate of the patients with carcinomas of the cervix is 57%. The first five years after diagnosis were survived by 79.6% of the patients in stage I, 57.3% of the patients in stage II, 31.1% of the patients in stage III, and 5.9% of the patients in stage IV. 60% of these patients were only submitted to percutaneous and intracavitary irradiation, and 40% were irradiated after operation. The five-year survival rate of the patients with carcinoma of the body was 74.3%. This rate was 80.8% in stage I, 77.5% in stage II, 57.5% in stage III, and 30% in stage IV. The operation frequency was relatively high with 74%, only 26% of these patients were only treated by radiotherapy. The percutaneous radiotherapy was performed exclusively under high voltage conditions, preponderantly according to the method of Marburg which allows a homogenous, small-field irradiation of the small pelvis with a dose until 45 Gy, but which deliberately does not expose to radiation the para-aortal lymph nodes. In the years of 1966 to 1971, a comparison with the method established in Düsseldorf was made. This method is working with two big U-shaped stationary fields including the para-aortal lymph nodes. The central part of the pelvis is collimated when percutaneous irradiation is applied, and the intracavitary treatment is applied with a higher dose, correspondingly. The present analysis of the treatment results of both methods does not show any significant difference as to the survival time. The incidence of fistulas, however, a severe late complication, which is 2.4% for the method of Marburg, is markedly lower than that of 8.6% for the other method. Prognostic factors and therapeutic aspects are discussed in detail.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Significance of the the tumor markers, Ca-125 and tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor in patients with carcinoma of the cervix and uterus].

Quantitative contents of tumour markers in 51 patient suffering from carcinomas of the cervix and corpus uteri, are analysed. CA-125 and tumor-associated-trypsin-inhibitor (TATI) were determined in the serum of these patients before and after surgical treatment. After careful and detailed analysis and statistical testing of the results, we observed insignificant changes of CA-125 in both localisations of carcinoma. The great importance of preoperative determination of TATI markers in carcinomas of the corpus uteri is emphasized. However, the testing of these markers should be performed with great attention and in correlation with other indexes of pathobiological nature of cancers of the cervix and corpus uteri.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1995

The role of the uterus and cervix in systemic oxytocin-PGE2 facilitated lordosis behavior.

The effect of ovariectomy, hysterectomy, and cerviectomy on systemic oxytocin-PGE2 induced facilitation of lordosis behavior was examined in estrogen and progesterone treated rats. Females were injected with 0.25 micrograms estradiol benzoate for 3 days, followed by 500 micrograms progesterone on day 4, 4 hr prior to behavioral testing. Ten minutes before behavioral testing with a male, females were injected systemically with either oxytocin (2.1, 4.2, or 8.4 micrograms); PGE2 (0.05, 0.10, or 0.20 micrograms); concomitant administration of both oxytocin and PGE2; or physiological saline. Oxytocin (2.1 micrograms) or PGE2 (0.05 micrograms) significantly increased lordosis behavior in ovariectomized females; however, neither had any facilitatory effect in hysterectomized animals. Facilitated lordosis behavior was only reinstated in hysterectomized females that received concomitant administration of 2.1 micrograms oxytocin plus 0.05 micrograms PGE2. This latter dose also resulted in a further potentiation of lordosis behavior in ovariectomized animals, compared to 2.1 micrograms oxytocin or 0.05 micrograms PGE2 alone. Concomitant administration of oxytocin and PGE2 at all doses had no facilitatory effect on lordosis behavior in cerviectomized animals. These results suggest that the uterus and the cervix may be important components of a peripheral mechanism by which systemic oxytocin and/or PGE2 induce facilitated lordosis behavior in female rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Activity of smooth muscles in human cervix and uterus.

OBJECTIVE: To find the similarities and dissimilarities between the activity of the human smooth muscles in the cervix and in the uterine corpus at the onset of induced labour. STUDY DESIGN: Electromyographic activity was measured in 14 primiparous women after amniotomy. The data were sampled and stored digitally in real time. For statistical analysis, the first 20 min of recordings following amniotomy were analyzed. The ratio between the mean activity at a given time and the mean activity over the whole 20 min was used for the comparison between the cervical and uterine activity. RESULTS: The analysis of correlation showed that the electromyographic activity in the cervix differed from that in the uterine corpus in the majority of the enrolled cases. CONCLUSIONS: The muscular activity in the cervix is independent of that in the uterine corpus at the onset of induced labour.

Cervix Uteri↗