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PubMed1998

[The relationship between stress and health indicators in an urban population--from a study of subjects selected by sex and age groups who underwent health check-ups in S city in Osaka Prefecture].

Many people in recent years are living under conditions involving various kinds of major and minor stress. This study was done to analyze how an urban population experience stress in daily life and to establish any relationship between the feeling of stress and people's daily habits or health conditions. The subjects were 2,234 residents, who availed themselves of general health check-ups in a city in Osaka Prefecture in 1992. The main results were as follows: 1) We designed and assessed a total stress score for causes of stress in daily life and a total depression score for the depression condition of subjects. 2) The proportion of subjects who showed a high total stress score decreased with age. The proportion of subjects who showed the highest total stress score was the largest in the age group of 40-49 years for men and of 30-39 years for women. 3) The proportion of subjects who had short working hours, much leisure time available, and low total depression score and complained much about health conditions increased with age. The proportion of subjects who had the longest working hours was the largest in the age group of 30-39, that of those who had little leisure time available and showed the highest total depression score was the largest in the age group of 40-49, and that of those who complained most about health conditions was the largest in the age group of 60-69 for men. The proportion of subjects who had the shortest sleeping hours and the longest working hours was the largest in the age group of 40-49, that of those who had little leisure time was the largest in the age group of 30-39, and that of those who showed the highest total depression score was the largest in the age group of 30-39 and 50-59 for women. 4) The total stress score showed significant relationships with the amount of leisure time available, the degree of complaints about health condition, and the total depression score for men and with sleeping hours, the amount of leisure time available, the degree of complaints about health condition and the total depression score for women. 5) The total stress score showed a significant correlation with high blood pressure for men and women. 6) The amount of leisure time available showed significant relationships with sleeping hours for men and working hours for men and women. The total depression score showed significant relationships with the degree of complaints of health condition for men and with sleeping and working hours, the amount of leisure time available and the degree of complaints of health condition for women.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

When to use fillers, build-ups or posts and cores.

After preliminary tooth preparation for crowns, all previously placed tooth restorative material should be removed from teeth before making final tooth preparations. Small areas of missing teeth should be replaced with fillers (compomer); larger pieces of missing teeth should be replaced with build-ups (bonded composite resin or bonded amalgam); and endodontically treated teeth with half or more of the coronal tooth structure missing should receive a titanium or titanium alloy post and core and a bonded composite resin or bonded amalgam build-up.

Compomers↗
PubMed1989

Reducing risk of pressure sores: effects of watch prompts and alarm avoidance on wheelchair push-ups.

People who use wheelchairs are at risk for developing pressure sores. Regular pressure relief, in the form of a wheelchair push-up, is one way to reduce the likelihood of pressure sores. We examined the effects of antecedent (i.e., instructions, audible prompts) and consequent (i.e., alarm avoidance) events on wheelchair push-ups, using a multiple baseline analysis with 2 participants with spina bifida. Results suggest that the combined procedure was more effective than either antecedent or consequent events alone, and there is some evidence suggesting maintenance of effects over time.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed2006

10 years of operation of an integrated nutrient removal treatment plant: ups and downs. Background and water treatment.

Water retention times less than 3 h from inlet to outlet were necessary to meet new effluent requirements without extending the footprint of the existing plant. Nitrogen removal was required at the existing, high loaded, direct precipitation plant and space was not readily available. The staff at the VEAS WWTP took on the task to design a new process at their own risk. Selected solutions and ups and downs in the water treatment during the past 10 years of operations and further developments are presented in this paper. Always asking for well-proven solutions might make life easy. The intent of this paper is to encourage some of our colleagues to be more daring in their approach to new challenges. However, expect sleepless nights in order to solve the unexpected problems along the way.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed2005

Insulin, C-peptide, and leptin concentrations predict increased visceral adiposity at 5- and 10-year follow-ups in nondiabetic Japanese Americans.

We prospectively examined the relationship between leptin and markers of insulin resistance and secretion and future visceral adipose tissue accumulation. In this study, 518 nondiabetic Japanese-American men and women underwent the following measurements at baseline and at 5- and 10-year follow-ups: plasma glucose and insulin measured after an overnight fast and during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, insulin secretion ratio (ISR) [(30-min insulin - fasting insulin)/30-min glucose], fasting C-peptide levels, plasma leptin (baseline only), and fat areas (intra-abdominal and subcutaneous) measured by computed tomography. Predictors of future intra-abdominal fat (IAF) were determined using multiple linear regression. Fasting insulin and C-peptide levels at baseline were significantly associated with IAF area at 5 years (coefficient = 0.041, P = 0.001 and coefficient = 1.283, P < 0.001, respectively) and 10 years (coefficient = 0.031, P = 0.020 and coefficient = 0.221, P = 0.035, respectively). ISR was not significantly associated with IAF at 5 or 10 years. Leptin level at baseline was positively associated with IAF at 5 years (coefficient = 0.055, P = 0.002) and 10 years (coefficient = 0.059, P = 0.003). In conclusion, higher levels of fasting insulin, C-peptide, and circulating leptin level predicted visceral fat accumulation independent from subcutaneous fat accumulation in nondiabetic Japanese-American men and women in both short-term (5 years) and long-term (10 years) follow-up.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1977

Check-ups after tours of duty to the tropics.

Out-patient check-ups of 603 persons returning from an average of 2 years and 8 months tour of duty to the tropics were completed in 99.3%. Only 14 (2.3%) cases of strictly tropical disorders were detected, but no serious disease. A long-term (3-5 years) follow-up questionnaire revealed no additional cases. It is concluded that check-up of asymptomatic travellers has a very low benefit-cost rate.

Denmark↗
PubMed1999

Routine health check-ups of unemployed in Norway.

In 1994 all the 273 long-term unemployed in the municipality Lillesand, Norway were invited to participate in a proactive health care program. 229 were included in the program, consisting of a medical examination by a general practitioner, councelling, personal support and referrals. The job-loss aroused lots of negative emotions, mostly defensive feelings and resignations, which are likely to reduce self-esteem and coping ability. The prevalence of somatoform symptoms and anxiety was twice as high as in the normal population, and for depression the prevalence was three times higher. 24% of the unemployed were referred to further examination. Invitation to a health examination may be the ticket of entry for revealing some of the concealed morbidity among long-term unemployed. Health check-ups of unemployed will probably be very cost-effective

Humans↗
PubMed2000

Abdominal muscle response during curl-ups on both stable and labile surfaces.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: With the current interest in stability training for the injured low back, the use of labile (movable) surfaces, underneath the subject, to challenge the motor control system is becoming more popular. Little is known about the modulating effects of these surfaces on muscle activity. The purpose of this study was to establish the degree of modulating influence of the type of surface (whether stable or labile) on the mechanics of the abdominal wall. In this study, the amplitude of muscle activity together with the way that the muscles coactivated due to the type of surface under the subject were of interest. SUBJECTS: Eight men (mean age=23.3 years [SD=4.3], mean height=177.6 cm [SD=3.4], mean weight=72.6 kg [SD=8.7]) volunteered to participate in the study. All subjects were in good health and reported no incidence of acute or chronic low back injury or prolonged back pain prior to this experiment. METHODS: All subjects were requested to perform 4 different curl-up exercises-1 on a stable surface and the other 3 on varying labile surfaces. Electromyographic signals were recorded from 4 different abdominal sites on the right and left sides of the body and normalized to maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) amplitudes. RESULTS: Performing curl-up exercises on labile surfaces increased abdominal muscle activity (eg, for curl-up on a stable surface, rectus abdominis muscle activity was 21% of MVC and external oblique muscle activity was 5% of MVC; for curl-up with the upper torso on a labile ball, rectus abdominis muscle activity was 35% of MVC and external oblique muscle activity was 10% of MVC). Furthermore, it appears that increases in external oblique muscle activity were larger than those of other abdominal muscles. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: Performing curl-ups on labile surfaces changes both the level of muscle activity and the way that the muscles coactivate to stabilize the spine and the whole body. This finding suggests a much higher demand on the motor control system, which may be desirable for specific stages in a rehabilitation program.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed2001

[Check ups after acute otitis media should be revised. What are we looking for and why?].

The latest Swedish consensus conference (May 2000) on treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) states that a check-up should be made three months after an episode of AOM. In order to find out how these recommendations are implemented 36 general practitioners were asked about their management of AOM check-ups. Almost all GPs checked children below 5 years of age by otoscopy but only 66 percent checked the mobility of the tympanic membrane. The follow-up procedure varied considerably. In a study of 129 ears (99 children) three months after an episode of AOM the diagnostic accuracy of pneumatic otoscopy, tympanometry and audiometry performed at a health care center was studied. The tympanometry performed by a nursing assistant had a very high sensitivity (93 percent) regarding secretory otitis media and could be used as a check-up after AOM. Thus there seems to be no need for the GP to examine ears where tympanometry is normal, but concentrate on the cases with pathologic tympanometry.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed2002

[Renal carcinoma: active detection in regular check-ups].

AIM: To improve early diagnosis of renal carcinoma (RC) in the course of check-ups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Regular checkups performed in 1980-1999 detected 715 cases of renal carcinoma. Among the patients were 452 male (60.2%) and 263 female (39.8%) patients. Mean age was 66 years. Screening methods for healthy examinees and risk group examinees, RC incidence rate, 1 year lethality and survival were assessed. RESULTS: Mean RC incidence rate in men was 80.9, in women 34.9 per 100,000. Early diagnosis of RC stage I and II made up 58.4 in men and 59.4% in women. Significantly more patients with RC stage I and II were diagnosed at checkup than among those seeking medical advice. 5-year corrected survival in males was 80%, 10-year survival--74%, in females--84 and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Check-up raised early diagnosis of RC stage I and II up to 82.3%. This, in its turn, improved survival of RC patients.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

The use of diagnostic wax-ups in treatment planning.

The use of diagnostic wax-ups as diagnostic aids in treatment planning has been presented for use in various situations--from simple patient assessment to more extensive prosthodontic rehabilitation. Requesting a diagnostic wax-up from the dental technician may add to the expense of treatment planning for a patient because of the laboratory fee incurred for this service. The cost is negligible, considering the value of identifying potential treatment obstacles that could affect both treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Dental Occlusion↗
PubMed1975

[Electrocochleographic potential pattern, recorded by different pick-ups (author's transl)].

At electrocochleography, the active electrode was placed on the earlobe, the mastoid, the nasopharynx, the hard palate and the external ear-canal respectively. It could be shown that the potential pattern, consisting of five components, during the first 8 msec after the click-onset could be obtained from all the above mentioned sites. In relation to the various electrode pick-ups we obtained different amplitude functions with nearly the same latency behaviour for all five potentials.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Random medical check-ups as an instrument of evaluation of the health status of children and teenagers].

Analyzed in the paper are the 20-year dynamic changes of widespread chronic diseases and morphofunctional anomalies (MPO) observed in the health condition of schoolchildren at comprehensive medical check-ups. If MPO are predominant in the morbidity structure of schoolchildren, the chronic pathology is more intensive: it aggravates reaching its uttermost point by the age of senior pupils. On the basis of the obtained data the authors formulate the necessity in elaborating a variety of organizational and therapeutic-preventive measures for the treatment, prevention and follow-up of schoolchildren with MPO and pronounced chronic pathologies. It is also suggested to revise the norms and workloads for practitioners at pediatric patient-care facilities, which, according to the authors, should be made with respect to the frequency rate and structure of a detected pathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Follow-ups of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Review of literature.

The purpose of this review has been to examine the hypothesis that the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), formerly also referred to as the Hyperactive Syndrome or Minimal Brain Dysfunction (MBD), is a precursor of criminality and abuse of alcohol and illicit drugs. This has been done by reviewing findings from follow-ups. Most reviewed projects suffer from methodological weakness. In most materials, few if any of the cases had ADHD according to present criteria. Some had ADHD and conduct problems. Many probably had exclusively conduct problems, but were too young to fulfill the criteria of Conduct Disorder (CD). Methodological limitations of the examined projects have been pointed out. It has been discussed how weaknesses regarding research design might have influenced the results. As a consequence of methodological shortcomings of most projects, the reviewed studies do not give definite answers. However, they show some rather convincing trends. By early adulthood, ADHD appears to remain present in at least one third of the subjects. Subjects with prior ADHD did not have more mental problems than controls in adolescence and early adulthood, provided they had normal intelligence, and no additional disabilities or mental disorders. Those with mental retardation, cerebral dysfunction or psychosis in addition to ADHD have a poor prognosis. A high percent become psychotic, and some end up in institutions. Although there seems to be an increased rate of delinquency and lawbreaking in prior hyperactives compared to controls, these differences disappear when the results are analyzed. The initially impressive differences between cases and controls are probably consequences of bias. Cases with a childhood history of conduct and educational problems have been compared to controls without a history of such problems. Thus, the reported differences are not related to ADHD. Hyperactives without conduct problems do not have an increased frequency of delinquency. Problems of conduct, CD and Antisocial Personality Disorder, but not psychosis characterize cases with a childhood history of conduct problems (with or without ADHD). In subjects with ADHD as well as conduct problems in childhood, conduct problems and not ADHD predict the prognosis, which is worse than for those with CD without ADHD. ADHD combined with delinquency indicates a high rate of subsequent lawbreaking. Usually, cases have more problems than controls with alcohol and illicit drugs, but this might be the consequence of selection of cases (subjects with school and conduct problems) and controls (subjects without such problems).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1989

[Pain, flare-ups and failures in root canal therapy].

In this overview the incidences and causes of pain, flare-ups and failures that occur after root canal therapy are discussed. Infection is considered the most important single, underlying determinant of the many factors that may cause pain and failures. Therefore, strict adherence to recognized therapeutic principles of shaping, disinfection and filling, in addition to proper aftercare, is of importance to diminish postoperative sequelae.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

[Long-term follow-ups of iris sutures (author's transl].

Previous reports from the Freiburg Eye Clinic concerning surgical techniques and experiences with iris sutures are complemented by this description of long-term follow-ups (up to 8 years, 6 1/2 years on average) of a random selection of 65 eye which underwent surgery. There were no harmful reactions to the suture of the suture material (nylon, 30 micrometers). Three-fourths of the eyes examined presented with tissue bridges, indicating fibroblastic unification of the sutured tissues. Even where there was preoperative atrophy of the connected iris parts (following glaucoma attacks with iris infarction) the connection remained stable over the years. These long-term follow-up findings support earlier recommendations concerning indication and surgical technique.

Follow-Up Studies↗