Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Tuberculosis Societies”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Tuberculous infection and prevention].

In Japan, the number of tuberculosis infected patients has been increasing again, especially in the elderly. The incidence of newly registered tuberculosis patients who are over 70 years is 34%. The outbreak of tuberculosis also has been increasing, and has become a serious social problem. The elderly have a high risk of developing tuberculosis because of their immunosuppressed condition due to underlying disease and aging. Elderly active tuberculous people also confer a risk of tuberculosis infection to the non-tuberculosis infected young generation. In this symposium, we discussed about 1) the tuberculosis outbreak related to the strategy for tuberculous prevention, 2) the health examination to detect tuberculous people in the middle-aged and elderly, 3) the nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis in the hospital, 4) the nutritional damage and immunosuppressive state in elderly people related to developing active tuberculosis in latent tuberculous infection, and 5) the organ transplantation and tuberculosis focusing on living related liver transplantation. Seven cases of tuberculosis outbreak were reported in Osaka from 1989 to 1998, 2 cases in the hospital and 5 in others. Tuberculous infection index (maximum sputum Gaffky score multiplied by the number of months of persisted cough) was 8 and 15 in the hospital, 3, 0, 84, 14, and 27 in others. Three cases (43%) were observed in persons with less than 10 of this index. It is essential to evaluate carefully for tuberculosis outbreak in extraordinary examination, if the tuberculous infectious index is low. There are various immunosuppressive patients with malignancy and other underlying disease in the hospital, so we have to pay careful attention for tuberculous outbreak when there is an active tuberculous patient. In these seven cases of extraordinary examination for tuberculous epidemic, only one (0.4%) of 241 cases who received isoniazide prophylactic therapy developed active tuberculosis. Isoniazide prophylactic therapy was an important strategy for the prevention of tuberculous outbreak. (Isamu TAKAMATSU, Osaka Prefectural Habikino Hospital, Osaka). It is essential to prevent tuberculosis in the elderly to achieve tuberculosis control in public health. The health examination was an important strategy for the detection of tuberculosis in the middle-aged and elderly. The incidence of tuberculosis detection is only 9.3% by the health examination at this age. However, the health examination has well detected active tuberculosis patients in elderly (34.5%), and also 16.8% in smear positive cases with pulmonary cavitary formation. The early detection of persons with active tuberculosis is essential, and further discussion regarding cost-performance and accuracy of the health examination for tuberculosis should also be essential. Prophylactic therapy of isoniazide also might be considered for the high risk middle-aged and elderly people with underlying diseases. (Masako OMORI et al., Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo). The cases of nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis in the hospital have been increasing. In younger persons, the incidence of tuberculosis infected nurses and doctors is relatively higher than healthy control. The transmission of tuberculosis from elder active tuberculosis patients to healthy non-tuberculosis infected medical workers has been well recognized. It is very essential to follow guidelines for the prevention of tuberculous transmission in the hospital from the Japan Tuberculosis Society including routine tuberculin skin test for fresh medical workers. Primary education for tuberculosis in medical and nursing school is also an important strategy. Further discussion might be essential that BCG could prevent tuberculosis transmission in tuberculin skin test negative adults. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Women and tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis is the leading infectious cause of death in women worldwide. The disease poses a major threat to women's health security. Population growth, the HIV epidemic, increasing poverty and rising levels of drug resistance will inevitably increase the burden of this disease in women. Women are at increased risk of progression to disease during their reproductive years. However, in most low-income countries, twice as many men are notified with tuberculosis as women. Biological mechanisms may account for most of this difference but socioeconomic and cultural factors leading to barriers in accessing health care may cause under-notification in women. Tuberculosis control programmes should be sensitive to the constraints faced by women in accessing health care, in order to empower women to commence and complete treatment. The fear and stigma associated with tuberculosis have a greater impact on women than on men, often leaving them in a more precarious social and economic position. Tuberculosis in women creates orphans, impoverished families and reduces the economic development of society. Tuberculosis is a major cause of preventable suffering and death in women. WHO's recommended tuberculosis control strategy, DOTS, represents a cost-effective response to the problem of tuberculosis in women. Tuberculosis is a major women's health issue. It is a global health priority that tuberculosis treatment be made available to women, particularly to those in low-income countries who are bearing the brunt of this epidemic.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2001

[Tuberculosis control strategy in the 21st century in Japan--for elimination of tuberculosis in Japan].

Modern tuberculosis control programme has been launched in 1951 by the major revision of the previous Tb. Control Law in Japan. Main control measures were BCG vaccination programme for tuberculin negatives, annual screening of Tb. by miniature radiophotography (MMR), charge free diagnosis and treatment of Tb. patients, registration and case-holding at Health Centres throughout the country and so on. Thanks to the efforts of the Government and people concerned, Tb. incidence has decreased with the annual reduction rate of 11% during 1961 and 1977. However, Tb. decrease has stagnated after that, and it is increasing slowly in these 3 years since 1998. Moreover, regional variations of Tb. incidence are considerable, and Tb. is concentrated in specific risk groups such as elderly persons, homeless, foreign born individuals and so on. However, the present Tb. Control measures were introduced prior to the discovery of most major anti-Tb. drugs and all modern internationally accepted Tb. Control strategies, so that it is strongly desired to improve the present control programme from rather classical present Tb. control measures to global standard one to overcome the resurgence of Tb. in Japan. At first, the author stressed that the priority of Tb. Control Programme should be changed according to the development of science and the change of epidemiological situations. BCG vaccination and Tb. screening by MMR might be very important when the annual risk of Tb. infection was very high--about 4% in 1950. Now it is around 0.05% and the incidence of Tb. among 0-14 years of age is 1.1 per 100,000 so that the priority should be given on treatment of the detected cases instead of BCG vaccination or MMR. The doctors in the public health field should give more strong concern on clinical aspects of Tb. Control Programme at present. It was considered that the main urgent problems to be improved in the present Tb. control measures are as follows. 1. It is strongly recommended to spread the global standard regimen with 2HRZE/4HR (E) more widely and rapidly. Because the standard regimen is used in only 50% of new smear positive cases at present although 15.3% of Tb. patients are 80 years or more, or 56.3% of them are 60 years or more, and the side effects by PZA are higher among elderly patients. 2. Shortening of the hospitalization duration is required because 76.7% of newly detected bacilli positive cases are hospitalized at first, and the median of the period of hospitalization is 4 months, and 18.4% of them are hospitalized 6 months or more at present. 3. DOT treatment has been introduced for special groups in the big cities in 2000 for the first time in Japan, but it is needed to spread DOT treatment more widely, for example, by increasing health insurance payment for the institutions where DOT treatment is being implemented. 4. It is recommended to build special rooms to accept Tb. patient at general hospitals and/or university hospitals to avoid the neglect of Tb. by general medical doctors. 5. Follow-up of Tb. patients after treatment completion at Health Centres is not needed now, because the relapse rate is so low. 6. Indiscriminative screening programme for all the people aged 19 years old or more should be stopped, at least up to 39 years of age, because Tb. detection rate has become so low as 0.0069% at present. As Tb. decrease is so slow, or is increasing in some areas, that the contact surveys among the young aged 20 to 39 should be strengthened in the future. 7. As Japan Anti-Tb. Association is being carrying out mass screening programme extensively at present, so that the Association has started to discuss the future health check system. Because of the rapid and constant increase of the lung cancer, the Association is discussing the method to detect the lung cancer, too. In any way, it is needed to focus the screening programme for special high risk groups instead of indiscriminative screening. 8. BCG vaccination for infants should be continued a little more, because BCG vaccination can protect the development of 7 miliary Tb. and/or meningitis cases during 15 years if BCG is given 70% of the infants in 2000. However, it was strongly recommended to stop re-vaccination of BCG, because it is not so effective, and disturb the diagnosis of Tb. infection by tuberculin testing. 9. Treatment of latent Tb. infection will become more and more important, so that it's indication should be expanded to the adults in the future instead of the present indication up to 29 years of age. It is needed to revise Tuberculosis Control Low to improve control programme in Japan. The author hoped that the members of Japan Tuberculosis Society will promote the improvement and to support the Government to improve the Law.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

The World Health Organization/International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Global Project on Surveillance for Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance: a model for other infectious diseases.

Tuberculosis remains a global epidemic, with one-third of the population infected and 9 million active cases. Mono- and multidrug resistance in 6 World Health Organization (WHO) regions have been assessed in 40% of the global cases diagnosed by positive results of sputum testing. The 2004 report of the WHO Global Project on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance confirms earlier findings that drug-resistant tuberculosis is ubiquitous and that multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has increased alarmingly. Control of tuberculosis, which is undermined by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, is seriously jeopardized by multidrug resistant strains, for which treatment is complex, more costly, and less successful. Challenges for high-burden countries include implementation of the DOTS strategy and management of identified multidrug resistance with DOTS-Plus. Strengthening of the laboratory network in conjunction with improvement of surveillance, elucidation of the impact of HIV on transmission of tuberculosis and on amplification of resistance at individual and population levels, and implementation of private sector policies on drug resistance are imperative. New diagnostic tools and drugs are needed to expedite early detection and cure of multiresistant strains.

Drug Resistance, Bacterial↗
PubMed2003

[Centenary of the Royal Dutch Central Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis].

The Royal Dutch Tuberculosis Association (Koninklijke Nederlandse Centrale Vereniging tot bestrijding der Tuberculose (KNCV)) was founded in 1903. Since then various interventions against tuberculosis have been introduced on the basis of medical and technological opportunities and in response to the epidemiological situation. The introduction of effective drugs during the 1940s and 1950s was by far the most important development and led to a sharp decline in the annual rate of infection and to the disappearance of tuberculosis as a common disease. Following the appointment of the independent National Policy Committee for Tuberculosis Control, Royal Dutch Tuberculosis Association could concentrate on its innovating tasks: the development of new interventions based on epidemiological data and scientific research.

Antitubercular Agents↗