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PubMed2002

Triamcinolone stimulates bFGF production and inhibits TGF-beta1 production by human dermal fibroblasts.

BACKGROUND: Triamcinolone acetonide has been shown to decrease both cellular proliferation and collagen production by dermal fibroblasts. An alteration of cytokine levels may mediate these effects. OBJECTIVE: To delineate the effect of triamcinolone acetonide on both cellular proliferation and the production of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) by human fibroblasts grown in a serum-free in vitro model. METHODS: Human normal and keloid dermal fibroblasts were propagated in a serum-free in vitro model with exposure to 0, 5, 10, or 20 microm triamcinolone acetonide for 0, 24, 72, or 96 hours. Cell counts were determined by phase contrast microscopy. Levels of bFGF and TGF-beta1 in the supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: In our study, 20 microm triamcinolone acetonide caused statistically significant increases in the peak levels of bFGF for normal and keloid fibroblast cell lines (P < 0.05). It also caused statistically significant decreases in the level of TGF-beta1 for normal and keloid fibroblast cell lines. For the keloid fibroblasts, 10 microm triamcinolone acetonide also caused a statistically significant decrease in the level of TGF-beta1. CONCLUSION: We conclude from these results that triamcinolone acetonide increases the production of bFGF and decreases production of TGF-beta1 by human dermal fibroblasts.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Intrapericardial treatment of autoreactive pericardial effusion with triamcinolone; the way to avoid side effects of systemic corticosteroid therapy.

AIMS: To evaluate efficacy and safety of intrapericardial treatment with the crystalloid corticosteroid triamcinolone in autoreactive pericardial effusion. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty consecutive patients with pericarditis/myopericarditis underwent pericardiocentesis, pericardioscopy (Storz-AF1101B1), and epicardial biopsy with pericardial fluid and tissue analyses. By polymerase chain reaction for cardiotropic viruses/bacteria in pericardial effusion and epicardial biopsies as well as by immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry of epicardial and endomyocardial biopsies, 84/260 patients were classified as autoreactive pericarditis and underwent intrapericardial instillation of triamcinolone (group 1: 54 patients, 50% males, mean age 48.9 +/- 14.3 years, triamcinolone 600 mg x m(-2) x 24 h(-1); group 2: 30 patients, 46.7% males, mean age 52.5 +/- 12.7 years, triamcinolone 300 mg x m(-2) x 24 h(-1)). Intrapericardial administration of triamcinolone resulted in symptomatic improvement and prevented effusion recurrence in 92.6% vs 86.7% of the patients after 3 months and in 86.0% vs 82.1% after 1 year in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P>0.05). There were no treatment-related acute complications. During the follow-up, 29.6% of the patients developed transitory iatrogenic Cushing syndrome in group 1 in contrast to 13.3% in group 2 (P<0.05). Conclusion Intrapericardial treatment of autoreactive pericarditis with 300 mg x m(-2) x 24 h(-1) of triamcinolone prevented recurrence of symptoms and relapse of effusion as effectively as the 600 mg x m(-2) x 24 h(-1) regimen, but with significantly fewer side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Local injection treatment of tennis elbow--hydrocortisone, triamcinolone and lignocaine compared.

Corticosteroid injections are the mainstay of treating tennis elbow even though their effectiveness has not been well established by controlled studies. A survey of consultant rheumatologists confirmed a widespread preference for this treatment but they varied in their choice of steroid dose and preparation. We examined the value of some practices by comparing local injections of 2 ml 1% lignocaine with either 10 mg triamcinolone or 25 mg hydrocortisone made up to 2 ml with 1% lignocaine (Study 1). The investigation was conducted double blind. Within the first 8 weeks, pain relief was greater for triamcinolone than hydrocortisone although the differences were not statistically significant. The response to both steroid preparations was significantly better than for lignocaine up to this point but at 24 weeks, the degrees of improvement were similar for all three groups and many patients still had pain. Relapse was common. In a separate but similarly designed study, triamcinolone 10 mg was compared with 20 mg of the same agent. Improvements of pain were similar and followed the same time scale. Post-injection worsening of pain occurred in approximately half of all steroid treated patients in both studies and this was sometimes severe and persistent. It was less frequent amongst those given lignocaine alone. Skin atrophy was reported in all groups but was more frequent amongst those given triamcinolone in Study 1. In conclusion, more rapid relief of symptoms was achieved with 10 mg triamcinolone than with 25 mg hydrocortisone or lignocaine alone and there was less needed to repeat injections. Results obtained with 20 mg triamcinolone were similar to those of the smaller dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Cushing's syndrome in postburn children following intralesional triamcinolone injection.

Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide has been used extensively for the treatment of hypertrophic and keloid scars. Complications are few, usually being local skin color changes, prominent vascular markings, or subcutaneous atrophy. Cushing's syndrome following intralesional administration of triamcinolone acetate has only been described twice, both in adult patients. This paper reports on two pediatric cases of Cushing's syndrome following treatment of hypertrophic burn scars with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide. The first child, 10 years of age, was treated for hypertrophic burn scars of the back. The second child, age 21 months, was treated for hypertrophic burn scars of the face. In both, intralesional triamcinolone acetate therapy was initiated 3 months postburn injury and in neither child was the maximum recommended dose exceeded. In both children, Cushing's manifestations developed 1 to 2 weeks postinjection and resolved in 6 to 8 weeks with no treatment or permanent sequelae. Consultation with endocrinologists revealed no concurrent disease process. It appears that these two pediatric patients may have had a form of hypersensitivity to triamcinolone acetonide, as Cushing's syndrome was not the result of an overdose. In conclusion, intralesional triamcinolone acetonide should be used with an increased degree of caution in the pediatric population.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed2003

Infectious and presumed noninfectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection.

PURPOSE: To report potentially distinguishing characteristics between bacterial endophthalmitis and presumed noninfectious endophthalmitis associated with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection. METHODS: Records of two patients with culture-proven bacterial endophthalmitis and six patients with presumed noninfectious endophthalmitis from intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injections were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Two eyes in two patients with culture-proven bacterial endophthalmitis had decreased vision and hypopyon or vitritis, but no pain or conjunctival injection 2 weeks after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection. Seven eyes in six patients with presumed noninfectious endophthalmitis had blurred vision, hypopyon, and variable pain all within 2 days of intravitreal triamcinolone injection. All seven eyes were followed up closely and had rapid resolution of hypopyon and symptoms. CONCLUSION: Bacterial endophthalmitis after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection may present in an atypical, relatively delayed manner with decreased vision but no pain or redness. Presumed noninfectious endophthalmitis presents within 2 days after the injection, may be accompanied by discomfort, and has a hypopyon that may be the triamcinolone material itself or a sterile inflammatory reaction. In these eyes, the hypopyon and symptoms quickly resolve without treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Triamcinolone acetonide suppresses early proangiogenic response in retinal pigment epithelial cells after photodynamic therapy in vitro.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells after photodynamic therapy (PDT), especially focusing on their change in the presence of triamcinolone acetonide. METHODS: Firstly, the cellular uptake of verteporfin was quantified after confluent ARPE-19 (human retinal pigment epithelial) cells were exposed to 5 microg/ml verteporfin combined with or without 1 microg/ml triamcinolone acetonide for 1 h. Secondly, ARPE-19 cells exposed to various doses of verteporfin were irradiated with 120 mJ/cm(2) light. After incubation with or without 1 microg/ml triamcinolone acetonide for 2 days, cell viability and expressions of VEGF and PEDF were assessed. RESULTS: Cellular uptake of verteporfin was not significantly changed by the presence of 1 microg/ml triamcinolone acetonide. In addition, 0.01-0.1 microg/ml of verteporfin showed a dose-dependent toxicity on the ARPE-19 cells 2 days after the light exposure. The presence of verteporfin at a concentration of 0.01 microg/ml did not affect the cell viability but significantly increased VEGF (p<0.001) and reduced PEDF (p = 0.03) expression. Administration of triamcinolone acetonide significantly suppressed both this increase in VEGF (p<0.001) and decrease in PEDF (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: VEGF was increased and PEDF reduced in cultured RPE cells shortly after PDT even at a sublethal dose. Triamcinolone acetonide suppressed this proangiogenic response.

Cell Line↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Triamcinolone acetonide facilitates removal of the epiretinal membrane and separation of the residual vitreous cortex in highly myopic eyes with retinal detachment due to a macular hole.

PURPOSE: To study the usefulness of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection during vitrectomy in highly myopic eyes with retinal detachment due to a macular hole. METHODS: Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 6 patients with retinal detachment resulting from a highly myopic eye with a macular hole. After separation of the posterior hyaloid and removal of any visible epiretinal membrane, triamcinolone acetonide was injected over the posterior pole. Excised specimens were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Upon injection of triamcinolone acetonide, the entire epiretinal membrane and residual vitreous cortex could be visualized in all patients. The epiretinal membrane and residual posterior vitreous cortex were completely removed. Successful reattachment was performed without retinal damage in all cases. Electron microscopy revealed a cellular epiretinal membrane within a collagenous matrix lining the smooth internal surface of the internal limiting membrane. No complications related to the use of triamcinolone acetonide were encountered. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative visualization of the epiretinal membrane and residual posterior vitreous cortex with triamcinolone acetonide was found to be a useful adjunct to vitrectomy. Using triamcinolone acetonide during vitrectomy may facilitate both removal of the epiretinal membrane around the macular hole and separation of the residual vitreous cortex from the retina in highly myopic eyes with retinal detachment.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Double visualization using triamcinolone acetonide and trypan blue during stage 3 macular hole surgery.

PURPOSE: To study the usefulness of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide and trypan blue for facilitating visualization and dissection of the posterior vitreous cortex and internal limiting membrane (ILM) during vitrectomy in idiopathic stage 3 macular holes. METHODS: Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 10 eyes of 10 patients with idiopathic stage 3 macular holes. After core vitrectomy had been performed, triamcinolone acetonide was injected over the posterior pole. After separation of the visualized posterior vitreous cortex, trypan blue was injected over the macular area. Excised specimens were examined by electron microscopy. RESULTS: Upon injection of triamcinolone acetonide, the posterior vitreous cortex and residual vitreous cortex could be visualized in all patients. The posterior vitreous cortex and residual vitreous cortex were completely removed. The ILM of the retina was stained faint blue and was successfully removed in all patients. Electron microscopy revealed that the triamcinolone-acetonide-visualized layer and the trypan-blue-stained layer had different histological features. No complications related to the use of triamcinolone acetonide and trypan blue were encountered. CONCLUSION: Double visualization of the posterior vitreous cortex and ILM using triamcinolone acetonide and trypan blue during vitrectomy may facilitate separation of the posterior vitreous cortex from the retina and removal of the ILM around the macular hole in patients with idiopathic stage 3 macular holes.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Single, high-dose intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide versus weekly oral methotrexate in life-threatening asthma: a double-blind study.

Effective and less toxic treatments are needed for patients with severe, steroid-dependent asthma. Both low-dose oral methotrexate and high-dose intramuscular triamcinolone have been recommended for these patients. We compared the effects of these two medications on pulmonary function, peak flow rates, airway reactivity, oral steroid use, emergency room (ER) visits, and hospitalizations in patients with steroid-dependent, life-threatening asthma. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, we investigated 19 such patients. Six of the patients (Group I) received a single dose of 360 mg triamcinolone intramuscularly with placebo methotrexate; seven patients (Group II) received placebo triamcinolone followed by low-dose oral methotrexate (a first dose of 7.5 mg followed by 15 mg weekly); and six patients (Group III) received placebo triamcinolone with placebo methotrexate. All patients used the same high-dose inhaled steroids. The patients took tapering courses of oral steroids when needed, but attempted to reduce their oral steroid use whenever possible. Methacholine challenge testing was performed every 6 wk, pulmonary function tests every 4 wk, and home peak-flow measurements twice daily. Oral steroid use, ER visits, and hospitalizations were also monitored. The patients in the triamcinolone treatment group showed a significant and sustained increase in home peak-flow rates, and their FEV1 persistently improved by a mean of 40% (p < 0.05), whereas the FEV1 of the patients in the methotrexate treatment and placebo groups remained near baseline. The PC20 in the triamcinolone group increased progressively (p > 0.05), and the improvements in total mean reactivity were greater in this group than in either of the other two groups (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the effect of triamcinolone acetonide on central macular thickness in patients with diabetic macular edema.

PURPOSE: To develop a population model capable of describing the profile of the effect of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of diabetic diffuse macular edema. METHODS: The results of 51 injections in 37 eyes (33 patients) with diffuse diabetic macular edema were studied, by using population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling, without triamcinolone concentration measurements. This approach was supported by the pharmacokinetic hypothesis that the intravitreal triamcinolone concentration decreases in accordance with an exponential biphasic equation. Central macular thickness (CMT), measured by optical coherence tomography was chosen as the pharmacodynamic parameter. RESULTS: The pharmacodynamic profile of the effect of triamcinolone on CMT was characterized by a curve in three phases: a fast decrease, a steady state, and a relapse. The confidence interval of most of the estimated parameters of the model was narrow. The mean estimated half-life of triamcinolone +/- SD was 15.4 +/- 1.9 days, and the mean maximum duration of its effect (+/-SD), 140 +/- 17 days. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling using CMT constitutes a valid alternative to pharmacokinetic studies. This approach worked excellently in the present study, and the results are consistent with those published for the intraocular pharmacokinetics of triamcinolone acetonide in the human eye. The authors conclude that this type of investigation is of interest, as it avoids intraocular measurements as far as possible.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide as an additional tool in pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal injections of crystalline triamcinolone acetonide as an adjunctive procedure in pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: This nonrandomized comparative study included 30 patients (32 eyes) who underwent standardized pars plana vitrectomy for treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and who received an intravitreal injection of 25 mg triamcinolone acetonide at the end of surgery. Mean follow-up time was 5.60 +/- 5.14 months. The study group was compared with a control group (32 eyes) matched with the study group for preoperative and intraoperative parameters and who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy without intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide. RESULTS: The study group and the control group did not vary significantly in frequency of postoperative retinal detachment, re-pars plana vitrectomy, or postoperative enucleation or phthisis bulbi, or in best postoperative visual acuity, visual acuity at end of the study, or gain in visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, the study group with pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection compared with the nonrandomized control group without intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection did not show a higher than usual rate of postoperative complications. As a corollary, however, the data do not suggest the adjunct use of 25 mg intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide combined with pars plana vitrectomy as treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

A risk-benefit assessment of intranasal triamcinolone acetonide in allergic rhinitis.

The efficacy of intranasal triamcinolone acetonide in seasonal and allergic rhinitis has been evaluated in clinical trials and has been compared with antihistamines and other intranasal corticosteroids. Intranasal corticosteroids are either as equally effective as or more effective than comparative drugs. Intranasal corticosteroids are particularly useful as they decrease membrane permeability and inhibit both early and late phase reactions to allergens. They minimise the nasal secretory response and reduce the sensitivity of local nasal irritant receptors. A potential benefit of topical application is the flushing action of the nasal mucosa, which may reduce allergens and secretions. In addition to seasonal and perennial rhinitis, intranasal corticosteroids have additional benefits when used to reduce inflammation in the treatment of sinusitis and may help in decreasing secondary rhinovirus infections. Furthermore, suboptimal control of asthma can be avoided by treatment of allergic rhinitis with intranasal corticosteroids. In clinical trials, common adverse effects for triamcinolone acetonide include sneezing, dry, mucosa, nasal irritation, sinus discomfort, throat discomfort, epistaxis and headache. Posterior subcapsular cataract formation has not been seen with triamcinolone acetonide. Recent literature evaluating systemic absorption of intranasal corticosteroids have shown surprising results where significant absorption has occurred with intranasal budesonide and fluticasone propionate. Growth and hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) function studies have been reviewed, with some intranasal corticosteroids showing changes with continual use. A retrospective study in children receiving daily triamcinolone acetonide for 12 months showed no effect on height and bodyweight. Triamcinolone acetonide at standard dosages (110 or 220microg once or twice a day) does not appear to suppress adrenal gland function and is effective in relieving most symptoms of allergic rhinitis. The International Consensus Conference Proceedings on Rhinitis now currently recommends the use of intranasal corticosteroids as first line therapy, since they have been found to be well tolerated and effective with minimal adverse effects and, specifically, no cognitive impairment. The recommended maximum dose of aqueous triamcinolone acetonide in adults and children is 220microg once a day. The aerosol form may be recommended in children between 7 and 12 years old, up to 440microg once a day or in divided doses. Duration of allergy treatment is generally for the length of each allergy season. If symptoms are perennial, then a reduction of dosage is made to the lowest effective dose with monitoring every 3 months for risk and benefit assessment. Complications to watch for include bleeding, and possible septal perforation and nasal candidiasis, although these are rare.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1987

Cough and wheezing from beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol are absent after triamcinolone acetonide.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that patients with asthma who develop cough and wheezing after the use of beclomethasone aerosol would have a better tolerance for triamcinolone aerosol. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blinded, crossover trial. SETTING: Pulmonary function laboratory. PATIENTS: Volunteer sample of 24 patients attending an asthma clinic who had developed cough, with or without wheezing, after inhaling beclomethasone aerosol. All patients completed the study. INTERVENTIONS: Aerosols were used in habitual manufacturers' preparations and canisters, but both were administered in three puffs through the delivery system used for triamcinolone. The preparations differed in drug (beclomethasone dipropionate or triamcinolone acetonide), propellant (trichloromonofluoromethane and dichlorodifluoromethane, or dichlorodifluoromethane alone, respectively) and dispersant (oleic acid or dehydrated alcohol, respectively). PATIENTS inhaled three puffs of one aerosol on one day and three of the other on the next. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was measured before and after each aerosol application. The FEV1 decreased a mean of 17.7% from baseline after inhalation of beclomethasone, and 0.8% after triamcinolone (difference, 16.9; 95% confidence limits, 12.36 to 21.34; p less than 0.001). Coughs were counted after each puff. The mean number of coughs after beclomethasone aerosol inhalation was 35.8, and after triamcinolone, 0.5 (difference, 35.3; 95% confidence limits, 22.62 to 47.98, p less than 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Asthmatic patients who are unable to inhale beclomethasone aerosol due to cough or wheezing can inhale triamcinolone aerosol without difficulty. Our investigation does not determine the exact cause of the coughing and wheezing with the beclomethasone aerosol, but we suspect the dispersant as the source.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[The effect of triamcinolone, montelukast and formoterol on serum levels of il-4, IgE and clinical parameters in children with asthma].

Levels of pro-allergic cytokine IL-4 are increased in asthmatic airways, contributing to allergic inflammation. The purpose of this study was to define the effect of treatment with triamcinolon, montelukast, and formoterol on serum level of IL-4 and IgE, clinical parameters (symptom score, FEV1) and bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) in children with moderate asthma. It was 8 week, placebo-controlled and randomized, double blind trial of 99 children with moderate atopic asthma allergic to dust mite. Patients were randomly allocated to receive 400 mg triamcinolon (n = 20), 5 or 10 mg (according to age) montelukast (n = 18), 24 mg formoterol (n = 19), or placebo (n = 42). 80 children completed the study. After treatment with triamcinolon, montelukast, and formoterol the level of IL-4 in blood serum in all study groups significantly decreased, and all clinical parameters improved; treatment with triamcinolon, formoterol, and montelukast had no effect on IgE level in serum. Mean IL-4 levels in serum before and after treatment with triamcinolon were 0.129 pg/ml with 95% Cl, 0.1-0.145 pg/ml and 0.086 pg/ml with 95% Cl, 0.023-0.109 pg/ml respectively (p = 0.02); with montelukast were 0.123 pg/ml with 95% Cl, 0.57-0.82 pg/ml and 0.102 pg/ml with 95% Cl, 0.62-0.82 pg/ml respectively (p < 0.001); with formoterol were 0.128 pg/ml with 95% Cl, 0.108-0.164 pg/ml and 0.113 pg/ml with 95% Cl, 0.096-0.146 pg/ml respectively (p = 0.002). No correlations have been found between changes in serum IL-4 and any other clinical parameters after treatment. This study demonstrates that one of the possible ways by which triamcinolon, montelukast, and formoterol contribute to inhibition of allergic inflammation is by decreasing IL-4 levels.

Acetates↗
PubMed1965

Pituitary-adrenal function following topical triamcinolone acetonide and occlusion.

This study was undertaken to investigate the possible pituitary-adrenal suppressive effects of triamcinolone acetonide under occlusive dressings in six psoriatic patients. Forty-five grams of a cream containing 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide was applied daily to the psoriatic lesions of four patients and covered with an occlusive dressing. Two patients received daily applications of 45 gm of 0.01% triamcinolone acetonide cream and occlusive dressings. The four patients who received the 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide applications showed a marked decrease in the 24-hour urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and no significant response to intravenous metyrapone testing. The two patients who were treated with 0.01% triamcinolone acetonide also showed a significant decrease in 24-hour urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, but a partial response to metyrapone testing. Percutaneous absorption of as little as 1 to 2 mg of triamcinolone acetonide may affect pituitary-adrenal function.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed2005

[The pilot study of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide for treatment of retinal detachment with choroidal detachment].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency and safety of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide for treatment of retinal detachment with choroidal detachment. METHODS: 13 the patients (13 eyes) of retinal detachment with choroidal detachment were chosen and triamcinolone acetonide 0.1 ml (4 mg) were administrated via intravitreal injection through pars plana. The therapeutic effects on uveitis and choroidal detachment was analyzed. The retinal reattachment surgery was performed five to ten days after the injection. RESULTS: all 13 patients receiving triamcinolone acetonide demonstrated alleviated uveitis to some degree. The rate of retinal holes detection increased from 2/13 pre-injection to 7/13 post-operation. Choroidal detachment disappeared in most of cases within 10 days triamcinolone acetonide injection. Five eyes underwent scleral buckling, 6 eyes underwent with vitrectomy, and 2 patients abandoned surgery. The average follow up after surgery was 4 and half months. All eyes received with triamcinolone acetonide injection and surgery had retinal reattached successfully and no side effects were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide was an effective and safe method to treat choroidal detachment and alleviate uveitis. The injection simplified surgery procedure and improve the success rate of retinal detachment.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[The experimental researches on the use of triamcinolone acetonide for the prevention of implant capsular contracture].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the use of triamcinolone acetonide for the prevention of implant capsular contracture. METHODS: 20 rabbits were randomly undivided into 2 groups of 10 animals each. Every 10 ml silicone implant was implanted beneath the panniculus carnosus muscle of one rabbit. At the same time, a modified expander catheter was mounted on the implant. This catheter has many lateral holes and the end was blind. Triamcinolone acetonide (10 mg/3 ml) was infused through the expander pot and catheter as the experimental groups. On the other hand, 3 ml saline was used as the control group at 1, 2, and 3 months. At 6 months, measures related to contracture and capsular histology examinations were performed on anesthetized animals. RESULTS: Baker scores, capsular incision width and capsular thickness of the saline groups were evidently higher than that of triamcinolone acetonide groups (P < 0.01). Implant compression of the saline groups was evidently lower than that of triamcinolone acetonide group. Histology revealed a thinner capsules and less fibrous tissue deposition around the triamcinolone acetonide group, as compared with saline group. CONCLUSIONS: It is effective to deliver triamcinolone acetonide to reduction of capsular contracture through the catheter and its pot.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Multicenter evaluation of triamcinolone acetonide nasal aerosol in the treatment of adult patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Triamcinolone acetonide aerosol inhalation therapy is effective for the prophylactic treatment of asthma. Recently, the delivery system for this preparation has been modified for use in allergic rhinitis. A total of 180 adult patients with symptomatic seasonal allergic rhinitis participated in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Patients received either placebo or approximately 25 mg per actuation of triamcinolone acetonide aerosol per nostril, qid, for 4 weeks. Each patient kept a daily diary rating rhinitis symptoms. Both the patient and the physician also gave global evaluations of drug efficacy. Of 168 evaluable patients, significant reductions were seen at week 1, week 2, and in the overall study evaluation of ratings for intensity (P less than .001) and duration (P less than .05) of various rhinitis symptoms such as nasal stuffiness, discharge, and sneezing in the group given triamcinolone acetonide. Superiority to placebo group was evident as early as day 1 and maintained throughout the study. Both patients and physicians rated triamcinolone acetonide as significantly more effective than placebo for the duration of the study (P less than .001). There was a marked reduction in nasal smear eosinophils in the triamcinolone acetonide group. There was no difference between groups in safety evaluations including no evidence of suppression of the adrenal axis and no evidence of fungal infection. This study demonstrates that triamcinolone acetonide in a dose of 25 micrograms per nostril, qid, is effective, well tolerated, and safe in reducing symptoms in adult patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Administration, Intranasal↗