Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Textiles”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Effect of composted textile sludge on growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of soybean and cowpea.

The effect of composted textile sludge on growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of soybean and cowpea was evaluated in a greenhouse experiment. The compost was incorporated into soil at 0, 9.5, 19 and 38 t ha(-1) (bases upon the N requirement of the crops, i.e., 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg available N ha(-1)). Growth, nodulation and shoot accumulation of nitrogen were evaluated 36 and 63 days after plant emergence. Nodule glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and leghemoglobin content were evaluated 63 days after emergence. Composted textile sludge did not show negative effects on nodule number and weight, nodule GS activity and leghemoglobin content. Nitrogen accumulation in shoot dry matter in soybean and cowpea was higher than other treatments with application of 19 t ha(-1) of compost. Composting can be an alternate technology for the management of solid textile mill sludge. This study verifies that the composted textile sludge was not harmful to growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of soybean and cowpea.

Fabaceae↗
PubMed1996

Male and female employment in the textile industry in relation to miscarriage and preterm delivery.

To address potential reproductive hazards in textile manufacturing, we conducted a community-based case-control study in central North Carolina. Miscarriage cases were identified from medical records (280 interviewed cases): preterm delivery cases and term, normal birth weight controls (454 and 605, respectively) were identified from area hospitals. Exposures were based on job title, an interview concerning textile-related exposures, expert imputation of exposure based on job titles and interviews, and self-reported exposures by women. Relative to women and men working in nonhazardous occupations, workers in the textile industry were not at increased risk of miscarriage or preterm delivery, with the possible exception of preterm delivery among women and men employed in sectors other than knitting and yarn mills and men employed in yarn mills. Inferred exposures to specific agents were also not associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. Subject to uncertainty in exposure assessment and nonresponse, these data indicate an absence of adverse effects of the textile workplace environment on these pregnancy outcomes.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2003

Cancer among women textile workers in Shanghai, China: overall incidence patterns, 1989-1998.

BACKGROUND: Cancer incidence in women textile workers has not been adequately studied. The aim of this study was to examine site-specific cancer incidence patterns in a cohort of 267,400 women textile workers in Shanghai, China. METHODS: Women employed by the Shanghai Textile Industry Bureau (STIB) were followed for cancer incidence from 1989 to 1998. Age-adjusted standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed based on Shanghai Cancer Registry (SCR) rates. RESULTS: There was a decrease in cancer incidence for the cohort compared with urban Shanghai women (SIR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.89-0.93). There were small increased risks of other endocrine tumors (SIR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.02-1.65). There were decreased risks for esophageal (SIR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.44-0.66), stomach (SIR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.73-0.85), rectal (SIR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.78-0.98), lung (SIR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.74-0.86), cervical (SIR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.28-0.50), ovarian (SIR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.75-0.96), and bladder cancers (SIR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.46-0.85). CONCLUSIONS: Women employed in the textile industry had a lower than expected cancer experience compared with urban Shanghai women. Further research on this cohort will examine associations between site-specific cancers and occupational exposures to dusts and chemicals.

China↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of biotoxicity of textile dyes using two bioassays.

The toxicity of eight textile dyes was evaluated using two bioassays namely: Ames test and seed germination test. The Ames test is widely used for the evaluation of hazardous mutagenic effect of different chemicals, as a short-term screening test for environmental impact assessment. The eight-textile dyes and Eithidium bromide dye (as positive control) were tested with five "his" Salmonella typhimurium strains: TA 100; TA 98; TA 1535; TA 1537; TA 1538. Using six concentrations of each dye (2.5 microg/ml, 4.5 microg/ml, 9 microg/ml, 13.5 microg/ml, 18 microg/ml, and 22.5 microg/ml) revealed that, most of the dyes were mutagenic for the test strains used in this study. The high concentrations of dye eliminated microbial colonies due to the high frequency of mutation causing lethal effect on the cells. In this work the phytotoxicity of different soluble textile dyes was estimated by measuring the relative changes in seed germination of four plants: clover, wheat, tomato and lettuce. The changes in shooting percentages and root length as affected by dye were also measured. Seed germination percent and shoot growth as well as root length were recorded after 6 days of exposure to different concentrations of textile dyes in irrigation water. The results show that high concentrations of dyes were more toxic to seed germination as compared with the lower concentrations. However, the low concentrations of the tested dyes adversely affected the shooting percent significantly.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1992

Immunological findings and respiratory function in cotton textile workers.

Immunological parameters were studied in a group of 24 cotton textile workers. These were volunteers from a cohort of 106 (83 women and 23 men) previously studied textile workers. A group of 30 employees from a bottle packing plant served as a control for the immunologic studies. The subgroup of volunteers undergoing immunologic testing did not differ from the original cohort of textile workers in age, sex, smoking history, or prevalence of most chronic respiratory symptoms, nor were there any significant differences in baseline lung function or across-shift changes. The 24 cotton worker volunteers underwent skin testing with extracts of cotton dust and cotton seed. Eight of these 24 (33.3%) had positive tests, and 5 of the 8 had elevated serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Only one of the 8 skin-test-positive workers had symptoms of byssinosis. Only 1 of 30 control workers' skin tested with cotton extract reacted, and none had an increased serum IgE level (P less than 0.01). Both baseline lung function and across-shift changes did not differ between workers with positive and negative skin test reactions or between workers with normal and elevated IgE levels. Additionally, we studied the response in vitro of nonsensitized guinea pig trachea to cotton bract extract and demonstrated a dose-dependent contractile response. These data suggest that while immunological findings are frequent in textile workers, they correlate poorly with respiratory symptoms and function and may not be the basis for the airway obstruction seen in this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Detection of mutagenic activity in textiles with Salmonella typhimurium.

A hundred and ninety-six textile samples were tested in a modified version of the Salmonella/microsome assay for release of mutagenic contaminants. As heat sterilization of the samples can result in reduction of mutagenic activity, tests were performed with streptomycin resistant derivatives of Salmonella tester strains TA98 and TA100. Textile samples were preincubated in buffered saline (PBS), DMSO or ethanol. Subsequently, the fabrics were placed on streptomycin supplemented selective agar plates. In total, 18 samples (9.2%) exerted mutagenic activity. DMSO was the most effective solvent (15 positives) followed by ethanol (9 positive samples) and PBS (7 positives). Most fabrics (16) caused mutagenic effects only upon metabolic activation with liver S9 mix. Chemical analysis indicates that the positive results obtained with PBS are not due to release of histidine or formaldehyde. Three directly active samples gave negative results in strain TA98NR which is devoid of classical nitroreductase. With one exception all other textiles were negative in strain TA98/1,8-DNP6 (which lacks O-acetyltransferase). These findings indicate that nitroaromatics and amines might be responsible for the mutagenic effects of the textiles.

Buffers↗
PubMed1995

Textile dye dermatitis.

The literature concerning textile dye dermatitis published during the last decade was reviewed. Sixty-one cases of dye-allergic contact dermatitis in which the presentation or course of the dermatitis was unusual or the dye allergen was one not previously reported have been described. The four new dye allergens discovered were Disperse Blue 106, Disperse Blue 85, Disperse Brown 1, and Basic Red 46. The incidence of dye dermatitis varied from 1% to 15.9% depending on the country, patient sample, and number of dyes in the patch test series. The 10 new dye allergens discovered in these studies were Disperse Blue 153, Disperse Orange 13, Basic Black 1, Basic Brown 1, the acid dyes Supramine Yellow and Supramine Red, the direct dye Diazol Orange, the basic dye Brilliant Green, Turquoise Reactive, and Neutrichrome Red. Disperse Blue 106 and Disperse Blue 124 were shown to be the strongest clothing dye sensitizers to date. Standard screening patch test series were found to be inadequate for the detection of textile dye sensitivity; therefore textile dye patch test series should be used. It is difficult to determine whether the incidence of dye dermatitis is increasing or decreasing because controlled epidemiologic studies are lacking, but data suggest that textile dye sensitivity is more common than previously believed.

Allergens↗
PubMed2006

A method for the low-level (ng g(-1)) determination of perfluorooctanoate in paper and textile by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.

The determination of perfluorooctanoate (PFO) in articles of commerce has become increasingly important to understand if treated products are a possible source of PFO. An LC-MS/MS method for the determination of PFO in paper and textile using a dual labeled 13C-PFOA internal standard was successfully developed and validated. Residues of PFO were determined using an isocratic, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with an ammonium acetate/methanol buffer. Ions monitored were 413 (parent) and 369 (daughter) for PFO and 415 (parent) and 370 (daughter) for dual labeled 13C-PFOA internal standard. As a precaution against ubiquitous PFO that occasionally occurs in mobile phase or instrument components, two Hypercarb cartridges (4 mm) were placed before the HPLC injector. Any PFO that was captured by the cartridges was removed before each injection by flushing the system with 100% methanol prior to equilibration with the isocratic mobile phase. Overall recovery and standard deviation over a 3 day validation regimen for samples (n=54-55) fortified with PFOA at 5, 50, and 200 ng g(-1) were 114+/-4.9% for textile and 110+/-7.6% for paper. The results also established a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 ng g(-1) in textile and 2 ng g(-1) in paper based upon S/N of the 5.0 ng g(-1) fortification versus the untreated paper and textile.

Caprylates↗
PubMed2006

Degradation of xenobiotics originating from the textile preparation, dyeing, and finishing industry using ozonation and advanced oxidation.

Effluents from textile preparation, dyeing, and finishing processes contain high concentrations of biologically difficult-to-degrade or even inert auxiliaries. Under these circumstances, it most often becomes inevitable to apply energy-intense and hence "imperative" treatment technologies (so-called advanced oxidation processes, AOPs) to achieve an acceptable reduction in the organic content of the effluent, thereby improving the biocompatibility of the originally refractory wastewater. The present experimental study focused on three problematic dyehouse effluent streams in order to alleviate the problem of toxicity and recalcitrance arising from the use of certain textile chemicals at source. For that purpose, the textile preparation stage was simulated by a nonionic surfactant (NS), the polyamide dyeing stage by a synthetic tannin (syntan; ST), and an aqueous biocidal finishing (BF) solution was employed to mimic typical textile finishing effluent. Synthetic effluent streams bearing NS, ST, or BF were subjected to treatment with different, well-established AOPs (ozonation at varying pH; advanced oxidation with H(2)O(2)/UV-C at varying H(2)O(2) concentrations) in order to degrade the active ingredients of the auxiliary formulations, thereby eliminating their toxicity and recalcitrance. Baseline experiments were conducted in order to optimize AOP conditions that were consecutively applied to observe changes in the originally poor effluent biodegradability and high toxicity. Obtained experimental findings revealed that (i) the COD content of NS could be reduced by at least 50% after H(2)O(2)/UV-C treatment at pH 9.0 accompanied by a nearly twofold improvement in its already fair biodegradability; (ii) the inhibitory effect of the biochemically reluctant ST on heterotrophic biomass was completely eliminated upon ozonation (dose=900 mg h(-1)) at pH 3.5; and (iii) the microbial toxicity exerted by BF totally disappeared after ozonation (dose=600 mg h(-1)) at pH 7.2. However, the achievement of detoxification and/or biodegradability improvement was accompanied with high electrical energy requirements.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed2005

Protection from visible light by commonly used textiles is not predicted by ultraviolet protection.

Interest is increasing in the prevention of acute and chronic actinic damage provided by clothing. This interest has focused mainly on protection against ultraviolet irradiation, but it has now also turned to protection against visible light. This change is mainly due to the action spectrum in the visible light range of some photodermatoses and the increasing interest in photodynamic therapy. The ultraviolet protection provided by commercially available textiles can be graded by determining an ultraviolet protection factor. Several methods have already been used to determine the ultraviolet protection factor. The fact that protection from visible light by textiles cannot be predicted by their ultraviolet protection makes the situation more complicated. This study attempts to determine whether or not the ultraviolet protection factor value of a particular textile is a good parameter for gauging its protection in the visible light range and concludes that a protection factor of textile materials against visible light needs to be developed. This development should go beyond the protection factor definition used in this article, which has some limitations, and should take into account the exact action spectrum for which the protection is needed.

Color↗
PubMed2005

Determination of the optimum conditions in the removal of Bomaplex Red CR-L dye from the textile wastewater using O3, H2O2, HCO3- and PAC.

Bomaplex Red CR-L textile dye was used in the experimental studies. Taguchi method was applied to determine optimum conditions in the removal of dye from synthetic textile wastewater. After the parameters were determined to remove Bomaplex Red CR-L dye from synthetic textile wastewater, the experimental studies were realized. The chosen experimental parameters and their ranges: HCO3- (mM), 0-39; temperature (degrees C), 18-70; ozone-air flow rate (l min-1), 5-15; the dye concentration (ppm), 200-600; particulate activated carbon (PAC) (g), 0-1.5; H2O2 (mM), 0-0056; pH, 3-12; and treatment time (min), 10-30, respectively. An orthogonal array L18 (2(1)x3(7)) for experimental plan and the smaller the better performance statistics formula were selected to define optimum conditions. The optimum conditions were found to be as follows: HCO3- (mM), 0; temperature (degrees C), 70; ozone-air flow rate (l min-1), 10; the dye concentration (ppm), 200; particulate activated carbon (PAC) (g), 1; H2O2 (mM), 0.056; pH, 12; and time (min), 20. Under these optimum conditions, it was determined that the Bomaplex Red CR-L removal efficiency from textile wastewater was 99%.

Carbon↗
PubMed2006

Multivariate analysis of trace metals in textile effluents in relation to soil and groundwater.

This paper deals with the multivariate analysis of metal data in effluents, soil and groundwater to find the distribution and source identification of the selected metals in the three media. Samples were collected from three textile industries located in Hattar Industrial Estate, Pakistan. Metals were estimated by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed elevated levels of Cr, Pb, Ni, Co, Fe, Ca, Na, K and Zn in these media, following the order: soil>effluent>water. Principle component analysis (PCA) of the data showed that the textile effluents are contaminating the soil wherein Cr and Pb were dominant toxic metals having concentrations of 5.96 mg/kg and 4.46 mg/kg, respectively. Other toxic metals such as Co, Cd, Zn, Ni, Mn and Fe, were found to have common origin in the textile effluents. The correlation study along with linear regression and PCA, supported the fact that various elevated metal concentrations emerged from the textile industrial effluents ultimately leading to contamination of the soil and groundwater in their proximity. The estimated metal levels in the water/soil system are compared with the safe limits laid down by WHO.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed2003

Investigation of natural dyes occurring in historical Coptic textiles by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-Vis and mass spectrometric detection.

Liquid chromatography (LC) combined with ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and mass spectrometric (MS) detection was utilized to study the chemical components present in extracts of natural dyes originating from fiber samples obtained from Coptic textiles from Early Christian Art Collection of National Museum in Warsaw. Chromatographic retention, ionization, UV-Vis and mass spectra of twenty selected dye compounds of flavanoid-, anthraquinone- and indigo-types were studied. Most of the investigated compounds could be ionized by positive and negative ion electrospray ionization. Difficulties with the ionization by electrospray were experienced for indigotin and brominated indigotins, but these were ionized by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Mass spectrometric detection, utilizing different scanning modes of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, combined with the UV-Vis detection was demonstrated to be a powerful approach to detection and identification of dyes in the extracts of archeological textiles. Using this approach the following compounds were identified in the extracts of Coptic textiles: luteolin, apigenin, rhamnetin, kaempferol, alizarin, purpurin, xanthopurpurin, monochloroalizarin, indirubin, and so the type of dye that was utilized to dye the textiles could be identified. Detection capabilities for several dye-type analytes were compared for the UV-Vis and mass spectrometric detection. The signal-to-noise ratios obtained for luteolin, apigenin, and rhamnetin were higher for the MS detection for most of the examined sample extracts. Purpurin, alizarin, and indirubin showed similar signal-to-noise ratios for UV-Vis and mass spectrometric detection.

Art↗
PubMed2003

Anaerobic treatment of real textile wastewater with a fluidized bed reactor.

Anaerobic treatability of a real cotton textile wastewater was investigated in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) with pumice as the support material. The immobilized biomass or attached volatile solids level on the support material was 0.073 g VSS/g support material at the end of the 128-d start-up period. During the operation period, real cotton textile wastewater was fed to the anaerobic FBR both unsupplemented (in Stages 1 and 2) and supplemented (with synthetic municipal wastewater in Stage 3 and glucose in Stages 4-6). The effect of operational conditions such as organic loading rate (OLR), hydraulic retention time (HRT), influent glucose concentration as the co-substrate, etc. was investigated to achieve the maximum color removal efficiency in the reactor. Results indicated that anaerobic treatment of textile wastewater studied was possible with the supplementation of an external carbon source in the form of glucose (about 2g/l). The corresponding maximum COD, BOD(5) and color removals were found to be around 82%, 94% and 59%, respectively, for HRT of around 24h and OLR of 3 kg COD/m(3)/d. Further increase in external carbon source added to real textile wastewater did not improve the color removal efficiency of the anaerobic FBR reactor.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the exhaust air during textile processings.

5 textile finishing processes were investigated for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/F), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/F) and mixed polychlorinated-brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBCDD/F). For the purpose of these investigations the complete balance--dioxins input from the raw textiles, output over the finished textiles and output through the air path--was done. In the exhaust air only small PXDD/F concentration were detected. The textiles contain before and after the process nearly the same PCDD/F-concentrations. The concentrations of PBCDD/F arises after the process. Only the chimney depositions contain higher PCDD/F-concentrations up to 1,806.1 ng I-TE/kg, PBDD/F-concentrations up to 1,572.6 ng/kg and PBCDD/F-concentrations up to 40,801.4 ng/kg.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed2002

Potential source of asbestos in non-asbestos textile manufacturing company.

Recently, a worker with lung carcinoma and a metastatic brain tumor was diagnosed as having a work-related disease. He had been employed in a non-asbestos textile company for 25 years. Consequently, to identify and explore possible causative agents for lung cancer in a non-asbestos textile manufacturing company and establish a causal relationship between exposure and lung cancer, an epidemiological investigative study was conducted and the work processes the worker was engaged in were examined. Air samples were taken from the workplace and during the drilling processes, and a suspected causative material was analyzed. The study revealed that the subject had been employed in the non-asbestos textile manufacturing company for 25 years from 1973 and his responsibilities included repairing spinning machines. In particular, the subject was involved in drilling B-bushings that were used to protect against gear abrasion in the spinning machines. An analysis of the B-bushings using a transmission electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer indicated that they contained crocidolite asbestos fibers. Air samples obtained when drilling the B-bushings clearly indicated that the subject had most likely been exposed to crocidolite fibers when installing the B-bushings in the spinning machines. The frequency and duration of the work suggested that there would be a sufficient degree of exposure to crocidolite fibers to cause lung cancer. Except for smoking and asbestos exposure, no other chemical exposure was suspected for developing lung cancer in the workplace. Smoking appeared to be more of a potentiating risk factor in conjunction with the asbestos exposure. Accordingly, this case may provide significant evidence in identifying the cause of the mesothelioma or lung carcinoma found among workers in non-asbestos textile manufacturing companies elsewhere.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed2001

Determination of the ultraviolet protection factor of textile materials:measurement precision.

BACKGROUND: There is much interest in the use of textiles for sun protection. In vitro test methods are frequently used to assess the degree of protection to solar ultraviolet radiation of textile materials. It is, however, of paramount importance that methods are clearly described and that the precision of these methods is determined such that comparison between laboratories can be performed. An in vitro method for the determination of the Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) is described in a new European Standard and is referred to as prEN 13758. Thirty experts from 11 European member states, forming a working group of the European Standardization Commission (CEN), have developed this method in consensus. In this paper the reliability of this test method for the determination of the UPF of textiles worn in close proximity to the skin and in a relaxed and dry state is studied. METHODS: For the determination of the precision of the test method, eight laboratories, using nine different measuring devices located in five different countries, have measured 14 textile materials of various types of construction and levels of UVR protection. Statistical analysis of the results has been performed according to ISO 5725. RESULTS: The repeatability standard deviation of the described method is independent of the UPF in the range 1-70 and is 1.36. The reproducibility standard deviation, however, clearly increases with the level of UPF. CONCLUSIONS: For high UPF values, differences between laboratories, due to factors such as different operators, equipment and calibration, can become important. This makes classification of high UPF materials questionable.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Ozonation of textile wastewater: physicochemical and phytotoxic aspects.

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the performance of ozonation as a technique to treat textile effluents. This performance evaluation was made using physico-chemical parameters and phytotoxic endpoints (i.e. biomass growth enzyme activities - catalase and peroxidase). After ozonation, the color absorbance (523 nm) was reduced by 80.9% and the pH decreased from 10.9 to approximately 7.5 while COD reduction reached nearly 87%. Phytotoxicity tests carried out in solution with three plant species (i.e. soybean, rice and wheat) allowed us to compare toxicity data of both, raw and ozonated effluents. The biomass (fresh weight) of the 3 plant species clearly decreases as a function of the increase in raw effluent concentration with LOEC values of 100% for rice and wheat, and 50% for soybean. Activities of catalase and peroxidase in the 3 plant species exposed to the raw textile effluent were significantly different from plant controls. The LOEC values for catalase were 6.2% (in wheat and soybean plants), and 25% (in rice plants), while for peroxidase the LOEC values were 6.2% (in rice plants), 25% (in soybean plants), and 50% (in wheat plants). Reduction in the phytotoxicity of textile effluent samples after ozonation is likely due to the elimination of the toxic organic fraction oxidized during this process. Regarding endpoint sensitivity, our results showed that biomass endpoint was less sensitive than biochemical endpoint. In conclusion, ozonation was relatively effective in reducing physico-chemical parameters and phytotoxic effects of textile effluents. Plant enzyme assays used in this study proved to be a sensitive tool in order to determine the toxicity of industrial effluents and may be used to evaluate efficiency of established (or emergent) wastewater treatment technology.

Biomass↗