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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Studies on relationship between complement and blood coagulation system in toxemia of pregnancy (author's transl)].

Presence of chronic DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) eliciting an impeded blood coagulation has been postulated of late as one of the etiology causing toxemia of pregnancy, for which studies have been immunologically made. These theories remain unestablished. In this regard, the role of complement in blood coagulation has been noted, and their correlation is being elucidated. The author introduced a concept of complement to etiological theory of an impeded blood coagulation origin, by which toxemia of pregnancy was studied with emphasis placed on their correlation. The results obtained are as follow: 1) Thrombin and thromboplastin allowed in vitro to decreases the potency of complement, and the lowering also was seen even in the case of simultaneous supplement of urokinase and plasminogen. 2) The decrease also was periodically seen in rabbit's DIC experimentally made. 3) An increase in CH50, C3, C4, and factor B of normal pregnancy were of significance when compared with those of the control (p less than 0.001), while C1 inactivator decreased significantly (p less than 0.001). 4) CH50 was 52.2 +/- 2.4U/ml in severe toxemia, a decrease being of significance (p less than 0.01) as compared with that in third trimester of normal pregnancy. Those other parameters which tended to decrease included hemolytic activity of alternative pathway (AP-CH50), C4, and factor B except C1 inactivator with a trend being high.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[beta-Lipoprotein serum levels in the months preceeding pregnancy toxemia and its relationship with the Cetrimonium test (author's transl)].

beta-Lipoprotein determination and selective serum protein precipitation with Cetrimonium bromide (Badin's Cetrimonium test) were carried out retroactively (after delivery) on sera selected out of 700 sera collected from women at 4-5 months and 6-7 months of pregnancy. The selected sera were those from 36 women in the first group and 37 in the second group, who had ended pregnancy with toxemia. The sera were matched to sera collected at the same period from women whose pregnancy had been normal until the end. In both the 4-5 month and the 6-7 month groups, women with toxemia at the end of pregnancy had significantly higher levels of beta-lipoprotein and higher Cetrimonium tests but the two data were not correlated. The information they provide on the abnormal condition preceeding toxemia symptoms are different : hyperlipoproteinemia would be a predisposing factor and the Cetrimonium test an evidence of some latent inflammatory process.

Cetrimonium↗
PubMed1981

An experimental model of toxemia of pregnancy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

The use of an animal model in the study of human diseases has proven a valuable tool for medical science. The main syndromes in human toxemia of pregnancy are hypertension, edema, and proteinuria. Because of their hypertension, pregnant spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) can be considered to represent a type of toxemia of pregnancy according to the classification of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. As no edema and only a small amount of proteinuria were observed in SHR, we induced massive proteinuria and edema by injecting pregnant SHR with puromycin. After this treatment, proteinuria of 100-300 mg/dl was continually observed throughout their life span, with pregnancy and delivery occurring 2-4 times. From our findings we have attempted to produce a model of human toxemia of pregnancy.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Changes of serum protein and immunoglobulin in toxemia of pregnancy.

The immune mechanism theoretically may play an important role in toxemia of pregnancy. Serum proteins, immunoglobulins and C3 were measured in 20 women with normal pregnancy and in 10 women with toxemia of pregnancy. Compared with the normal pregnancy, the toxemia group exhibited decreased albumin and IgG, and significant increases in alpha 1 globulin and IgE. The immunological implication of these changes deserves further investigation.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of intraplatelet and urinary 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels in patients with toxemia of pregnancy.

Toxemia of pregnancy is considered to represent a disorder of activated blood coagulation. To identify possible indicators for evaluating the clinical course of toxemia, we measured the intraplatelet and urinary levels of 5-HT and its urinary metabolite, 5-HIAA in 25 patients with toxemia vs. 29 non-toxemic pregnant women. 5-HT and 5-HIAA were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). During the 24-34 weeks of gestation, the toxemic patients and the non-toxemic women each had low intraplatelet levels of 5-HT which didn't differ significantly. A significant (p < 0.05) decrease in intraplatelet 5-HT was observed in the toxemic patients vs. the non-toxemic women after the 35th week of gestation until delivery. The untake of exogenous 5-HT by platelets was increased in the toxemic patients, and their urinary (5-HT+5-HIAA) value increased significantly (p < 0.05) as compared with the non-toxemic women after the 35th week of gestation until delivery. A decrease in the intraplatelet level of 5-HT and an increase in the urinary level of (5-HT+5-HIAA) were observed in the toxemic patients, findings that paralleled the progression of this disorder. Serial measurements of intraplatelet and urinary levels of 5-HT and urinary levels of 5-HIAA in the toxemic patients revealed a significant correlation between disease activity and those levels. These observations support the concept that the measurement of intraplatelet and urinary levels of 5-HT and of urinary levels of 5-HIAA may be useful in following the clinical course of the toxemic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Maternal serum type III procollagen peptide (P-III-P) and 7S domain of type IV collagen (7S) as indicators of placental damage caused by toxemia of pregnancy].

By means of immunohistochemical techniques, we studied the localization of type III and IV collagen in normal and toxemic placentas. We also studied the maternal serum levels of type III procollagen peptide (P-III-P) and type IV collagen 7S domain (7S) in non-pregnant women, normal term women and cases toxemia of pregnancy. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that type III collagen exists in the connective tissues composing the villous core and type IV in the basement membranes of trophoblast cells and fetal vascular elements. Even in normal-appearing toxemic placenta, the amount of type III and IV collagen appeared to be increased compared with that in normal term placenta, but the amount of type III and IV collagen appeared to be decreased in the necrotized chorionic villi of severe toxemia. Measurement of the collagen-related substances revealed that those levels in toxemic pregnancy were much higher than those in normal term pregnancy. In toxemic pregnancy, the incidence of IUGR in the high P-III-P level group was increased significantly, and increased more apparently in both the high P-III-P and 7S groups. We believe that our data support our that P-III-P and 7S in maternal serum flow from the necrotized chorionic villi into the intervillous space, and that these measurements are significant indicators of placental damage caused by toxemia of pregnancy.

Collagen↗
PubMed1977

The conservative management of toxemia: a brief report of effective perinatal concepts.

Toxemia remains inscrutable. Modern perinatal medical facilities have, however, been able to reduce perinatal mortality in this and other chronic illnesses affecting mother and baby by the increased ability to assess fetal maturity and monitor continued welfare. Modern advances in neonatal intensive care have aided inestimably in improving the results. A 5-year experience with a conscientious but conservative approach to toxemia is presented, with perinatal mortality identical to that of the overall population at 11/1000 live births. Results are compared to older data on neonatal mortality from toxemia, emphasizing the importance of cooperative efforts by the obstetrician and neonatologist in any successful perinatal program.

Female↗
PubMed1996

[Changes in serum lipoprotein (a) levels related to hyperlipidemia during pregnancy--comparing normal pregnancy and toxemia of pregnancy].

In this study, we investigated fluctuations in serum lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) levels in normal and toxemic pregnancy. We measured serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein and Lp(a) levels in 33 normal pregnant and 11 toxemic pregnant women at delivery and in 47 normal pregnant women throughout gestation. Lp(a) and apolipoproteins were detected by turbidimetric immunoassay. The levels of serum lipids, HDL and apolipoproteins were all increased in pregnancy. In toxemia of pregnancy, serum TC and PL levels were lower (p < 0.05) and the apolipoprotein C-III level was higher (p < 0.005) than in normal pregnancy. Serum Lp(a) levels increased until the 20th week and reached a value which was 1.5 times higher than at the 10th week. Thereafter Lp(a) levels were constant until the late stage of pregnancy. In contrast, serum TC and TG levels increased steadily throughout gestation. The serum Lp(a) level was 18.1 +/- 27.5mg/dl in normal pregnancy and 17.8 +/- 17.9mg/dl in toxemia of pregnancy. These results revealed changes in serum Lp(a) levels during pregnancy. Further studies will be required to clarify the metabolic control of Lp(a) in pregnancy and the matabolic disorders of lipids and lipoproteins in toxemia of pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The neonatal fundus in maternal toxemia.

Toxemic changes in the maternal fundus and their relationship to fetal prognosis have been studied. A study of the neonatal fundus in maternal toxemia revealed a 76.67% incidence of vascular changes similar to those seen in the maternal fundus. Arteriolar spasm, focal or generalized, was present in 23 of the 30 neonates seen. A pallor of the disc was present in six cases. Four infants, 13.33%, had either extensive dot and blot retinal hemorrhages with soft exudates, or a serous retinal detachment. The last four neonates died within the first postnatal week. This work highlights the fact that retinal vascular decompensation mirrors similar changes in the cardiopulmonary or cerebral circulation and should be considered as a determinant of the fetal prognosis in maternal toxemia.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Possibilities of bacteremia and toxemia in death of chickens infected with Eimeria tenella.

The possibility that bacteremia and toxemia were the causes of death in cases of cecal coccidiosis was investigated. Germ-free and ordinary chickens with microflora were inoculated with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella. At 5 days postinoculation, cecal lesions in ordinary chickens were more severe than those in germ-free ones. Cardiac blood, spleen, and liver were examined in ordinary chickens for bacteremia and endotoxemia, and small numbers of bacteria were recovered from both infected and uninfected birds. Endotoxin levels in plasma of E. tenella-infected birds were low and not different from the levels of uninfected controls. To examine unknown toxic factors, a large volume of serum from infected chickens was injected intravenously into uninfected birds. No significant clinical signs were observed. It is concluded that the intestinal bacteria increase the severity of coccidial lesions without bacteremia and toxemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[An experimental study of the effect of fluorocarbon perfusion for amputated limb preservation. The effect of inhibition for replantation toxemia and muscle tissue destruction].

In replantation surgery, it is widely accepted that replantation toxemia or muscle destruction in replanted limbs might occur after a long time of ischemia. Their possibilities are particularly high after replantation of the amputated limbs which contain more muscle tissue than tendon and bones. The present study was performed to investigate the efficacy of fluorocarbon (FC: artificial blood) perfusion to the amputated limbs in preventing these problems after replantation. The hind limbs of dogs were completely amputated at mid-thigh. Amputated limbs were divided into two groups. One was stored in ice water and the other at room temperature for six hours. Each group was furthermore divided into four subgroups. The amputated limbs were perfused with oxygenated FC or Hartmann's solution before replantation and remaining limbs were not perfused. All of them were replanted under an operating microscope. The results were as follows: Perfusion with FC had an inhibiting effect on the anaerobic metabolism in an amputated limb and also decreased the rate of death due to replantation toxemia. Perfusion with FC was effective for inhibiting leakage of creatine phosphokinase from the replanted limb and preventing muscle destruction. Both these effects were detected biochemically and histologically. The reactive hyperemia of the replanted limb usually occurred after replantation. This rate, however, was significantly decreased after replantation of the amputated limb perfusion with FC. These effects described above were more remarkable when the amputated limb was perfused continuously rather than intermittently. It is therefore reasonable to conclude that for prevention of systemic ill effect after replantation and for preservation of function of the amputated limb, continuous perfusion with FC in ice water is more effective than ice water cooling alone.

Amputation, Traumatic↗
PubMed1988

CT and angiographic correlation of severe neurological disease in toxemia of pregnancy.

Two patients with severe cerebral symptoms of toxemia of pregnancy were examined using computed tomography (CT) and angiography. CT disclosed extensive areas of low attenuation within the cerebral hemispheres. Angiography revealed constriction and narrowing of proximal and peripheral vessels suggesting vasculitis with extensive areas of impaired regional cerebral blood flow. A review of the known pathology and the theories regarding the pathophysiology of the cerebral effects of toxemia is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Abnormality in metabolism of 15N-labeled nitrate in toxemia.

The urinary excretion of 15N-labeled ammonium nitrate was studied during the last few weeks in patients with normal pregnancy and in those with toxemia. Marked diminution of the 15N label was found consistently in patients with toxemia in the urinary fraction consisting of nitrogenous compounds other than urea and ammonia. The possible significance of this finding is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Hemodynamics in patients with severe toxemia during labor and delivery.

Three patients with severe pre-eclampsia-toxemia were studied with thermodilution tip pulmonary artery catheters. All patients were delivered by cesarean section with general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation. The left ventricular stroke work indices (LVSWI) of these patients were higher than those of normal nonpregnant subjects. There was no evidence of myocardial depression in terms of either cardiac index or the LVSWi-pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (Frank-Starling) relationship. Pulmonary arteriolar resistance (PAR) was found to be within or below the normal nonpregnant range, suggesting that in severe toxemia the pulmonary vasculature is not involved in a primary vasospastic process. At delivery a rise in cardiac index (CI) and mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) occurred. The PCWP was higher in the postpartum period than prior to delivery. This was felt to represent an increase in circulating blood volume. The therapeutic significance of these findings is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A simplified technique to produce toxemia in the pregnant dog.

In 39 pregnant and six nonpregnant dogs the abdominal aorta was exposed extraperitoneally through a left paralumbar incision, and a vascular occluder and a flow transducer were placed around it. The tubing of the occluder and the wiring of the flow transducer were slipped under the skin and advanced to the back of the neck of the animal. Thus, the aortic blood flow could be progressively reduced and continuously monitored. After 4 to 20 days of blood flow reduction of 35% to 75%, the picture of a moderately severe toxemia appeared in 10 dogs and that of a mild toxemia was seen in the 11 others. Nine animals were eliminated because of premature labor and three were eliminated for surgical complications. The control group (six pregnant animals with a sham operation and six nonpregnant animals with a severe aortic constriction) presented no abnormalities.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Elevated serum iron in toxemia of pregnancy.

The records of 144 women with toxemia of pregnancy were evaluated retrospectively for clinical course and clinical laboratory parameters. A striking elevation of serum iron was noted when patients were most seriously ill. There was a prompt return to normal iron values with improved clinical status. The toxemia-associated rise in iron is out of proportion to the increase in other parameters, such as uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, and hematocrit. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are offered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Elevated serum ferritin in the altered ferrokinetics of toxemia of pregnancy.

The serum concentration of ferritin in 11 patients with toxemia of pregnancy was compared to that of normal women in the early third trimester of pregnancy and in labor at term. The mean concentration of ferritin for toxemic patients was 91.8 ng/ml compared to 18.4 ng/ml and 19.4 ng/ml for the two control groups, respectively. The biochemical and physiologic features of ferritin are reviewed, and the relationship between iron and ferritin is discussed. Despite elevated serum levels of ferritin in toxemia, it is noted to be less reflective of the clinical course of the syndrome than serum ion.

Aspartate Aminotransferases↗