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Results for “Somatotypes”

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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Effect of anthropotechnogenic chemical factors on formation of somatotypes in children and adolescents of school age].

This research was done to study the dynamics of a process of constitutional types formation in 163 schoolboys and 181 schoolgirls, who live and study in various regions of the city of Ivanovo which are characterized by a different degree of environmental pollution with heavy metal salts and lead in particular. To define the constitutional types, the method of V.G. Shtefko and A.D. Ostrovsky (1929) was used. It was demonstrated that environmental pollution with heavy metal salts, the absorbed dose of which 3 times exceeded the maximum permissible dose, lead to the delay of somatotype differentiation in children and adolescents, which was more pronounced in schoolboys than in schoolgirls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The characteristics of the energy support for muscular activity in different somatotypes].

62 healthy untrained males of different somatotypes were given a 30-minute bicycle ergometry [correction of veloergometric] load at the threshold of aerobic exchange. Subjects with a higher percentage of muscular tissue and decreased percentage of fat had their ventilation threshold at a minimal distance from the point of anaerobic transition as compared with the subjects with a more developed fat component. The latters revealed a more active utilisation of lipids whereas the subjects with developed muscles used the carbohydrates rather as the energy substrate.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnostics of the skeletal massiveness and human somatotype using hand bones].

The skeleton massiveness (SM) and the somatotype of human constitution were determined on the basis of osteometry of bones of carpal and metacarpal bones (MB) and of phalanxes. Seventy male and 13 female skeletons from the collection of the chair for anthropology, Moscow State University, were investigated. Described are the results of examinations of 8 carpal bones made according to 3 signs (length, width, and height), and of 5 metacarpal bones made according to 4 signs (length, base and head width, and base height); investigation findings of finger phalanxes (in full) are also presented. Methods of current multidimensional statistics were used within the case study, i.e. related with the key components--for SM specification and the discriminative analysis--for constitution specification. The SM determination accuracy according to type A was 40%, according to type B--80%, according to type C--37.5% and according to type D--52.9%. The classification accuracy of constitutions by carpal bones was 50.0%, by MB--46.4%, and by MB plus finger phalanxes--48.1%. It is pointed out that it was for the first time that the elaborated quantitative criteria of osteometry of hand bones could be used in the expertise practice for the purpose of personality identification by osseous remains.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Somatotypic characteristic of children aged 8 to 12 years--residents of South Russia].

Somatometry and somatotyping of 435 practically healthy children in the second period of childhood (age: 8-12 years) attending the secondary schools in Rostov-on-Don was performed. In the group of children studied the representatives of macrosomal type were found to prevail. It was established that in children of both sex groups the acceleration of growth of muscular somatic component occurred during the period of accelerated rate of increment of body length and mass. Maximum activation of the growth of body fat component was found to occur at the age of 9 to 10 years in girls and at 10 to 11 years in boys. The results of this research supplement the available morphological data on the regularities of growth and development of children of the age group studied, and may be used in forming somatodiagnostic base in the region under investigation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

A somatotypical study of the geographic variations between two Spanish populations.

Morphological differences between university students from Bilbao (Basque Country) and Madrid (Spanish Meseta) have been studied. The sample sizes are 99 and 119, respectively, and the age ranges from 18 to 22 years. The main differences between the two groups under study were observed concerning the skinfold thicknesses. Body weight, stature and limb girths do not show remarkable differences. The physiques, as judged from anthropometric somatotypes, differ in the first component (endomorphy): Basques have higher values.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Somatotyping of children and adolescents].

Longitudinal observations on growth and development in children and adolescents with a usual (school) and increased (sporting) motor activity regimens have been performed for 13 years and certain metrical characteristics have been obtained. After their treatment by means of the factor and correlative analyses, they are divided into basic and auxiliary. The basic characteristics have a high correlative connection with progress in certain kinds of physical activity (sporting achievements), the auxiliary ones determine the technique of carrying out the movement. Basing on theoretical generalization of the literature data and analyzing the metrical values obtained at anthropometry, an objective scheme of somatotyping is worked out. It considers an independent variation of the signs according to spatial (clearance limit, componental and proportional) and time (variants of development) scales. Nontraditional estimation on manifestation of fatty, muscular and osseous components is elaborated, algorhythm of their estimation is suggested. Three main (micro-, meso-, macrosomatic) and two additional (micromesosomatic and mesomacrosomatic) somatic types are defined. They include manifestation of fatty, muscular and osseous masses, as well as the proportion of the body-build. The mark scale estimation of individual metrical values according to the elaborated age nomograms and scales makes the base of the typing. As demonstrates the retrospective analysis of the material, in 86% of cases the somatic type does not change in the course of ontogenesis. Estimation of the somatic type during the pubertal period should be carried out with a strict consideration of the variant of the child's development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Frequency distribution of excess weight and comparative results of somatotype aspects over a period of 8 years. Studies made in young Sicilian subjects].

Weight excess frequency distribution with respect to ideal weight was studied in a sample of 2000 men and 2000 women from Sicily aged between 19 and 24. The following findings were made: greater representation of subjects with excess weight in the female sample (18.75%) than in the males (11.80%); about twice the percentage of females in classes with greater overweight incidence (+20 +29%; +30% and over); a slight distributional discrepancy of weight excess in relation to province of origin of the subjects under examination. The standards of thirteen somatic measurements obtained in the samples were compared with those obtained personally in 1967 in a sample of Sicilian men and women with similar characteristics, for the purpose of assessing any modifications in somatotype aspects between 1967 and 1975. No statural growth was found in either men or women while both showed fair weight decrease (about 3 kg) together with a reduction in almost all trunk diameters and extremity perimeters. Thus the somatic aspect of the 1975 sample compared with the 1967 sample would seem to be slimmer and more agile.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Somatotype of children with gonadal dysgenesis and structural anomalies of genitalia.

The somatotype of 92 children with sexual structural anomalies of whom 28 with female Turner's syndrome, 22 with Klinefelter's syndrome, 20 with adreno-genital syndrome, 14 with hypospadias, 2 with Reinfenstein's syndrome and 6 with feminizing testis was established on the basis of biometric and genetically determined morphologic characteristics (dermatoglyphics, pigment complex). A morphogram utilizing 12 anthropometric and 5 dermatoglyphic parameters was constructed; it can be used in phenotypical differentiation of the anatomo-clinical variants of structural anomalies of the genitalia and gonads. The 12 anthropometric parameters were: weight, stature, height of the head + neck segment, the sternum-symphysis distance, length of arms and legs, the biacromial and bitrochanterian diameters, the circumference of the thorax, abdomen, hips and head. The dermatoglyphic parameters were: the digital delta index, TFRC, a-b ridge count, the ATD angle and the A line obliquity. For longitudinal assessment of the phenotype of children with structural anomalies of genitalia and gonads, the authors propose utilization of the percentile diagrams regarding weight, stature, pubes to floor distance, and the biacromial and bitrochanterian diameters.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Somatotype as an indicator of individual growth rates and maturation of a child].

The paper deals with age-specific and time-associated changes in the somatotype of school children. The magnitude of primary components of their constitution was assessed by using the modified Hit-Carter method. Some biological and social factors were found to influence the intragroup changed in the rates of growth and development of children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

A longitudinal study of the growth of trunk surface area measured by planimeter on standard somatotype photographs.

Thoracic and abdominal surface areas have been measured by planimeter on 340 photogrammetric somatotype photographs of 15 boys of the Harpenden Growth Study followed at regular intervals from 3 to 20 years of age. Mean distance and velocity curves are given, estimated by Patterson's method for extracting maximum information from mixed longitudinal data. Both areas showed a marked adolescent growth spurt with the age at peak coinciding with the age of peak height velocity of the same children. The correlation coefficients between thorax and abdominal surface areas rose from an average of about 0-3 at ages 5-8 to 0-5 at ages 9-12 and 0-7 at ages 13-19. Trunk index (thorax/abdomen area) fell gradually with age from 5 to 9 and thereafter remained constant.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Android (centralized) obesity and somatotypes in men: association with mesomorphy.

The relationship between body fat distribution patterns and somatotype among 824 men was sought from Sheldon, Dupertuis and MacDermott's Atlas of Men (1954). The men were classified photoscopically into obese, overweight and normal weight classes and then into android (central), intermediate and gynoid (generalized) classes of body fat patterning independently and blindly by two observers. Android fat men were found by both observers to be older and more often classed as obese than gynoid fat men. The android obese were significantly more mesomorphic and less endomorphic than the gynoid obese (P less than 0.01). Results suggest that android obesity involves more than an upper body distribution of subcutaneous fat: it is a deep body obesity involving excess lean body mass as well.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

Self-perceived somatotypes and clothing-related behavior of older men and women.

507 older men and women (65 yr. or over) participated in an investigation of relationship between clothing-related behavior of older men and women and self-perceived somatotypes. Analysis indicated that body-type was significantly related to significance of apparel, self-esteem, and chronological age. No sex differences were found in perception of body-types. Several implications are discussed and suggestions for further research are made.

Aged↗