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PubMed1990

Emerging roles of social work in perinatal services.

Perinatal social work is a recent field of practice with expanding opportunities and responsibilities for social workers in direct practice, research and education. This paper discusses the emergence of high technology in the perinatal field and the specialization of social work knowledge, skills and roles which are developing in tandem with bio-medical advances. The need to reconcile compelling needs for preventive social work practice with those of specialization are examined.

Crisis Intervention↗
PubMed1984

Enforcing ethics in social work.

The attention paid by the social work profession to ethical issues has waxed and waned since the formal inauguration of the profession in the late 19th century. For the first half century of the profession's life, relatively little attention was devoted to problems of professional ethics, though social work's literature was filled with discussions of value-laden issues that arise in practice. In recent years, interest in professional ethics has increased substantially. This article discusses the growth of interest in professional ethics, the formulation of the social work code of ethics, the adjudication of grievances in social work, and the strengths and limitations of the profession's code.

Ethics, Professional↗
PubMed1989

Conflicting professional values in social work and medicine.

The professional relationship between social workers and physicians historically has been somewhat strained. Social workers have been quick to blame the medical model for problems in health care and consequently have overlooked useful lessons from this model that could improve social work practice. To work effectively with physicians, social workers must be aware of physicians' professional values and be able to identify conflicts with social work values. Conflicting values in social work and medicine are identified in five areas: (1) saving life versus quality of life, (2) patient autonomy in setting treatment goals, (3) attitudes toward objective versus subjective data, (4) responses to patients with emotional problems, and (5) differing perspectives on interdisciplinary team roles. Case illustrations based on the author's experiences as director of behavioral science training for resident family practice physicians are included. Although different value orientations may produce conflict, the differences also can catalyze successful collaboration between the two professions, which ultimately will benefit patients who receive care.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1988

"Safe passage": social work roles and functions in hospice care.

What are social work's unique roles and functions in behalf of patients and their families in hospice care? The question is answered in the first phase of a Joint Research Project of social work faculty, hospice social workers and graduate social work students. The special roles, illustrative functions and potential outcomes of social work in hospice are identified. Case examples are utilized to illustrate social work's response to patients, families, staff and the service network. The authors hypothesize that social workers in hospice and other health care settings are instrumental in charting and facilitating within a nurturing environment a "safe passage" for the person-in-transition.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Social work education for health care practice.

The probable future developments in social work education for health care practice are viewed from a systems perspective. The developing needs of social work in health care are examined within the context of the developing needs of the broader field of social work practice, since changes in this larger system cannot but impact upon the health care social work subsystem. Similarly, education for health care social work practice is seen within the perspective of the broader system of social work education for practice in general, because developments in this larger system determine the directions that will be taken by the smaller system of educational training. The interfacing of the two systems, social work practice and social work education, is examined.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1991

Hospice social work: a search for identity.

This article describes social work's contribution to hospice philosophy and practice, calls attention to the lack of a distinct social work function on hospice teams, and examines various ways to resolve the problem of social work identity in hospice care. Insights from recent peer discussions of hospice social workers tend to support Kulys and Davis's (1986) earlier findings that psychosocial care is provided regularly by hospice team members other than social workers. Options for strengthening the hospice social work role are discussed, including the development of more specific therapeutic techniques and social work leadership in conducting applied research. The importance of maintaining a value-based, critical perspective is stressed.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Work social agency as a function of self-esteem and Machiavellianism.

Using a national sample of 127 legal, accounting, and human resource professionals, from 1,500 solicited, this study identified two dispositions related to social agency at work. After controlling for several individual factors, the analysis indicated that work social agency was associated with increased self-esteem and decreased Machiavellianism.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Development of an information system: a means for improving social work practice in health care.

The Johns Hopkins Hospital has developed a social work information system involving seven referral problem categories based on problems as identified by the referral source, ten problem categories for social work service, identified by the social work person after interview, and ten social work service categories similarly identified. The latter two categories include contracts with patients and expected outcomes together with categorization of actual outcome. Analyses of the coded data allow for more effective management of social work services and permit social work departments to compete for scarce resources, to comply with external regulations and accountability demands, and to assure quality service. In addition they provide a firm data base for research. The problem and service categories were tested for reliability by comparing the independent categorizations of 159 and 154 cases respectively by six social work persons, two each at three different levels of experience. Reliability levels were found to be satisfactory. The development of this system and the method of reliability testing are described and believed to be applicable to other systems.

Hospitals↗
PubMed2006

Developing visibility for aging in social work: the first NGSWC.

In March 2001, the Council on Social Work Education's (CSWE) Strengthening Aging and Gerontology Education for Social Work (SAGE-SW) project published an action agenda for social work and aging (CSWE/SAGE-SW, 2001). CSWE SAGE-SW, funded by the John A. Hartford Foundation from 1998 to 2004, had several charges in the first phase of funding, including the gathering of data through a thorough review of literature, focus groups, surveys and a variety of activities to garner expert input. This agenda, often referred to as the Blueprint, identified a number of serious issues regarding the lack of attention, preparation, leadership and interest in aging within the social work profession. It also provided some recommended actions to address these issues and help set the stage for the creation of the National Gerontological Social Work Conference. What were the issues at hand and why might a National Gerontological Social Work Conference (NGSWC) address some of these issues?

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Missed opportunities and unlimited possibilities: teaching disability content in schools of social work.

The issue of disability is paramount to the delivery of social services to a vulnerable population--a noble cause of the social work profession. Yet social workers are not the purveyors of services to the disabled. As a way of determining the impact of social work in the field of disability, an analyses of courses are made of disability and school social work content. While this comparison of courses may seem perilous it is important to note that a significant portion of the disabled community are serviced in the schools. The purpose of this article is to raise the professional consciousness of social workers to their responsibility to the treatment and policy development for those who have disabilities. It challenges schools of social work to re-think their course offerings or to reorganize course content to include more information on disabilities.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1983

Mental illness in the mentally retarded: challenges for social work.

A pressing need exists in social work for information concerning the types of mental illnesses encountered in community-based samples of the mentally retarded. These data are valuable in determining which types of social work treatment are effective with this population. This study examines the types and prevalence of mental disorders seen in a community-based sample of retarded citizens, and delineates the types of psychosocial strategies that were effective in treating these disorders. All of the individuals in this study were treated within a community health facility, thereby supporting ongoing social work contributions toward the normalization and commonly-based care of the retarded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Afrocentricity: an emerging paradigm in social work practice.

Although several models of social work practice that can better assist people of color have emerged, the cultural values of this population generally have not been used as a theoretical base to develop new practice models. This situation not only prevents a truly diversified theoretical base in social work but also reinforces the hegemony of Eurocentric concepts for explaining and solving human and societal problems. Recently the concept "Afrocentricity" has been used to describe the cultural values of people of African descent. This article presents the values and describes the philosophical concepts of Afrocentricity as a social science paradigm on which social work practice can be conceived and built and explains the reasons for the emergence of an Afrocentric social science perspective. Social workers are encouraged to embrace the Afrocentric paradigm because of its emphasis on eliminating oppression and spiritual alienation.

Africa↗
PubMed2001

Introduction: promoting and maintaining a reflective professional staff in a hospital-based social work department.

Promoting and sustaining a staff of reflective social work practitioners requires a supportive departmental structure and culture. Providing such support is a particular yet necessary challenge to social work administrators in the current health care environment. This article discusses an array of administrative strategies employed in one hospital social work department to promote reflective social work practice. More specifically, it describes the role of practice-based research in enhancing worker reflectiveness.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1996

Implementation of computerized social work data base/assessments.

The Department of Veterans Affairs, Social Work Service has designed, developed and implemented the Social Work Information Management System (SWIMS) which provides for the collection and reporting of both administrative and clinical information. This paper describes the implementation of one component of SWIMS, the automated Social Work Data Base/Assessment. The discussion details the implementation process and discusses issues encountered in the implementation of a computerized documentation system.

Computer User Training↗
PubMed2000

"Being" native versus "going native": conducting social work research as an insider.

The increasing cultural diversity among professional social workers has resulted in the need to examine critically some of the earlier notions about the epistemology, ontology, and methodology of social work research and practice. One outcome of these analyses about how and by whom research projects are carried out is the emergence of "native," "indigenous," or "insider" research in which scholars conduct studies with populations and communities and identity groups of which they are also members. This article reports the work of a native social work researcher who conducted an ethnographic study with her social identity group. The complex and inherent challenges of being both an insider with intimate knowledge of one's study population and an outsider as researcher are explored. Implications for social work research and practice with regard to native social work perspectives and methods also are discussed.

Cultural Diversity↗
PubMed1977

Social work with genetic problems.

The generic utility of social work practice skills and knowledge applies to this field of practice as to any other. What is required is a delineation of the role that social workers are to take, a clear articulation of what they can do and do well, and their acquisition of the specific knowledge related to genetic problems that would provide the framework in which to practice social work in this area. From their practice experience, social workers in genetics are in a unique position to contribute important knowledge about their clients that would help to provide essential and needed services as well as guide social work intervention. The key role for social workers in genetics is the provision of supportive counseling to help clients deal with the social dimensions of their genetic problems. In other words, genetic social work focuses mainly on assisting clients with problems in living that are generated by a genetic diagnosis and that may be more problematic or distressing than the genetic defect itself.

Attitude↗
PubMed1991

The AIDS epidemic: professional and personal concerns of graduate social work students in field placement.

Social work educators and health care practitioners have been increasingly concerned about the cognitive and affective preparation of graduate students for practice with AIDS-related issues. A pilot study of students from six graduate schools of social work was conducted in an effort to address these concerns. This article focuses on the affective experiences of students who worked with AIDS in field placement. The study questionnaire provided information about: (1) the concerns of students working with AIDS populations; (2) the nature and effectiveness of the help students required in coping with concerns; and (3) students' recommendations for future AIDS-related field placements. Study findings revealed that while the frequency of reported concerns was low overall, those concerns elicited revolved around clients' reactions, and knowledge and skills for practice. Students sought diverse resources for support in coping with their concerns, but other professionals and staff groups in field placement were the most helpful resources. A large percentage of students at least conditionally recommended future AIDS-related field placements. Recommendations for field education in health settings are offered.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1998

[Social work with the elderly--current orientation and strategies].

Social work for the elderly in a demographical ageing society is not justified per se, but has to prove its utility under the altering social conditions of the changing age-structure. In the field of practice, this has led to an increasing need for professional orientation and to searching for profiles of performance with greater attraction. As manifold as the target groups are the spectra of social work for the elderly is also manifold in its content and methods. Nevertheless, we are able to recognize some general orientations and strategies, which are conceptual adaptions from social work in general, cultural work and educational work--combined with fundamental supplies of social gerontological knowledge. In this sense, social work, for the elderly--in its most advanced realms--should be integrated into an ageing-policy concept, which is of relevance for the society as a whole.

Aged↗