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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Comparative study of breast cancer risk factors in Estonia and Slovakia. East-European Study Group of Breast Cancer Epidemiology.

Selected more or less known risk factors of breast cancer were investigated and compared in this case-control study in Estonian and Slovak women. The results revealed that women who gave birth to the first child before the age of 20 years had one-fifth and one-third breast cancer risk in Estonia and Slovakia, respectively, in relation to nulliparous women. Concerning subsequent births, Estonian women with two children showed the lowest relative risk, while in Slovak women this risk decreased with increasing parity. Only in women from Slovakia who gave the first birth at, and after the age of 30 years, significantly elevated breast cancer risk was observed. In this study there was no evidence of an association between breast cancer risk and the age at menarche, although an increasing trend of the variable early menarche was apparent in both female populations studied. In addition, an increase in the risk was revealed among obese Estonian women, and thyroid diseases were found to be related with a twofold excess of breast cancer risk in Slovak women. The possible existence of differences in risk factors in the populations showing similar breast cancer incidence rates is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Increased incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in Gypsies in east Slovakia as compared with white population.

Ethnic Gypsies represent 9 percent of total population of East Slovakia. However, during first three and half years of compulsory screening of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) there were 15,346 Gypsy newborns which was 16.8 percent of a total number of 90,760 newborns. Out of these Gypsy newborns 7 cases of CH were found (i.e. 1:2192), while 12 cases of CH were observed among 75,414 white newborns (i.e. 1:6284), which was significantly less than that in newborns Gypsies (P less than 0.05). Since the far highest coefficient of inbreeding ever reported for any European population or ethnic groups has been found by others in newborns Gypsies living in Slovakia (Fg = 0.017 obtained by genealogic method and Fi = 0.084 obtained by the method of isonymy), it may be suggested that a high incidence of CH in newborns Gypsies may be due to some genetic and hereditary factors. Though a direct interrelationship cannot be definitely established from the present data and still remains far from to be elucidated, the present observation may be considered as a contribution to the study of this problem.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗
PubMed1989

[The incidence and clinical picture of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in East Slovakia: the eastern and western type].

Hemorrhagic Fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is endemic in East Slovakia. The paper presents the clinical picture of 4 serologically confirmed cases. Two of the 4 patients had serological evidence of recent Hantaan virus infection. Positive immunofluorescent reactions with Puumala virus (CG 18-20) were detected in the sera of the other two patients. The obtained results suggest the circulation of two serotypes of HFRS in Slovakia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Epidemiology and genetics of primary congenital glaucoma in Slovakia. Description of a form of primary congenital glaucoma in gypsies with autosomal-recessive inheritance and complete penetrance.

This study includes all registered cases of PCG in the whole of Slovakia since 1950. Whenever possible the diagnosis was confirmed and a genealogical investigation was made. The patients were assigned to one of two groups depending on their ethnic origin - Gypsy or non-Gypsy. There were 118 Gypsy patients from 45 families (later reduced to 41 families) and 87 non-Gypsy patients from 81 families. Results from the Gypsy population can be summarised as follows: (1) Exceptionally high prevalence (1/2,120) and incidence (1/1,250) of PCG. (2) Sex ratio of 1:1. (3) High probability of autosomal-recessive inheritance based on results of segregation analysis (a priori method of Finney and Weinberg proband method). (4) Results of segregation analysis point to complete gene penetrance. (5) There was bilateral occurrence in all Gypsies. (6) The disease could already be diagnosed at birth in 82% of the patients. This shows that in the majority of cases the disease begins prenatally. (7) Clinical investigations indicated a more severe course and worse prognosis than in non-Gypsies. (8) The disease was familial in 85% of the PCG patients, i.e. only 15% of the cases were the only one in the family. (9) The proportion of kinship marriages among the parents of patients was 45%. (10) Values of 2.8% for the gene frequency and 5.4% for heterozygote frequency were established. (11) Relative reproductive fitness was estimated to be 0.26. (12) Selection coefficient was 0.74. (13) Inbreeding coefficient of patients from kinship marriages was 0.0203, for all patients together 0.0091. (14) The high incidence of the glaucoma gene can best be explained by genetic drift (founder effect). (15) Special measures to ensure early diagnosis and treatment would be justified on these grounds. The characteristics of PCG in the non-Gypsy population are comparable to those in published reports. (a) The prevalence (1/51,000) and the incidence (1/22,200) in the non-Gypsy population of Slovakia are slightly higher than, but still comparable to, those in the literature. (b) The sex ratio was significantly shifted towards the male side, being 1.55:1 (60.9% males). (c) The most common age at diagnosis was 6 months. The distribution of the ages at diagnosis is in accordance with that in the literature. (d) Bilateral PCG was present in 73% of the patients, corresponding to findings in other populations. (e) The proportion familial: sporadic (12:88) was similar to data in recent publications. (f) Kinship marriages were found in the parents of 5.9% of the patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Descriptive epidemiology of childhood malignancies in Slovakia.

Over the period from 1978 to 1984, 673 neoplastic diseases were ascertained in boys and 517 in girls below the age of 15 years in the population-based cancer registry of Slovakia, giving average annual incidence rates of 142.7 and 114.2, respectively, per million population. With the large use of a standard international classification based on cell morphology, an analysis of very detailed structure of these tumors could be performed. Leukemias, tumors of the nervous system and lymphomas were responsible for nearly 70% of all malignancies in childhood during the period studied. Important increase of the total cancer incidence in boys accompanied only by its slight growth in girls during the longer period 1968-1984 was observed. The decline of the total childhood cancer mortality in Slovakia was less rapid than that observed in recent decades in some developed countries. These findings indicate at least the real existence of opportunities for the reduction of mortality from cancer in childhood in this country, too, obviously by a more effective and general application of actually available methods of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Serological survey with the antigen of haemorrhagic fever virus with renal syndrome in small rodents in Slovakia.

Results of serological survey in small rodents with the antigen of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) virus indicate the existence of a natural focus of this virus in Slovakia. Antibodies were found in the following free-living rodent species: Clethrionomys glareolus, Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus sylvaticus, Pitymys subterraneus, Microtus arvalis and Microtus economus. A total 10 out of 120 (8.2%) small rodents trapped in investigated localities of Western and Eastern Slovakia had antibodies to the HFRS virus antigen as detected by complement fixation (CF) and/or immunofluorescence (IF) tests.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Epidemiological features of biliary tract cancer incidence in Slovakia.

This descriptive study is based on detailed data of biliary tract cancer incidence in Slovakia in the period 1968-1977. Age-adjusted incidence rates of biliary tract cancer in the given decade decreased in females while in males they showed a slight increase. The study of geographic distribution revealed diminishing incidence rates from west to the east in both sexes with extremely elevated rates in towns and suburban districts in males. Different shapes of age-specific incidence curves together with the identified histological types suggested different epidemiological characteristics of individual subsites within this site. Relatively high incidence rates of biliary tract cancer in Slovakia as well as in whole Czechoslovakia, in comparison with other countries or areas of Europe, could be related to the excessive prevalence of gallstones and high number of surgical interventions upon biliary tract in this country while the decreasing incidence rates in women coincided with elevated number of cholecystectomies. The significance of detailed descriptive data from cancer registries for further analytic and etiologic study of biliary tract cancer according to subsites for a better delimitation of high risk groups and primary prevention strategies is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The role of registration in a nationwide cancer control program in Slovakia.

In comparison with the official statistics substantially higher, more reliable and more detailed cancer incidence and mortality rates were ascertained by the National Cancer Registry of Slovakia established in the frame work of a complex cancer control program initiated in Slovakia in 1976. The role of the registry in the evaluation of treatment, planning for material and personal resources, orientation of public education, improved classification of malignancies in childhood, in planning and evaluation of preventive measures as well as its experience with the use of the standard WHO system for cancer registries are described. A more important position for the registry in the continuous evaluation and current orientation of the cancer control program is suggested for the future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Geographic patterns and trends of liver, biliary tract and pancreas cancer mortality in Slovakia.

The age-adjusted mortality rates and trends of primary liver cancer in Slovakia showed during the investigated decade 1968-1977 small reduction in males, accompanied with statistically significant decline in females. The slightly increasing trends of mortality from the cancer of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts were not significant while the growing rates and upward trends of mortality from pancreatic malignant neoplasms were statistically significant for both sexes. Geographic distribution of standardized mortality rates from these cancer sites displayed various differences within the districts of Slovakia during the whole investigated period. The need for further descriptive and analytical studies of these less common cancer sites of the alimentary system using more detailed and classified data on incidence and mortality is stressed.

Biliary Tract Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

[Epidemiology of childhood cerebral palsy in Slovakia].

In the 5.3 million population of Slovakia the author investigated by means of questionnaire screening the prevalence and incidence of cerebral palsy in children. The questionnaires were processed in collaboration with child neurologists and district paediatricians from all 38 Slovak districts. The author revealed that in 1990 child neurologists recorded 6,214 1-14-year-old children with the diagnosis of cerebral palsy, i.e. the motor form. The prevalence of cerebral palsy in children in Slovakia is 4.9 and the incidence 9.0. The assembled data are valuable in the system of comprehensive care of children with cerebral palsy, for establishment of an early diagnosis and early rehabilitation treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Gypsy phenylketonuria: a point mutation of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene in Gypsy families from Slovakia.

A direct mutational analysis of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene (PAH) in Gypsy families with phenylketonuria (PKU) has not yet been presented. However, they obviously represent a group at high risk for this inherited disease. We analyzed the PAH loci of 65 Gypsies originating from Eastern Slovakia by a combination of PCR amplification, direct sequencing and ASO hybridization. These studies uncovered 10 "classical PKU" patients to be homozygous for a R252W (CGG-TGG) transition, and 29 heterozygous carriers of this mutation. Fifteen control Caucasoid PKU patients from the Czech and Slovak Republics were selected. In this group we detected R252W mutation in two subjects (6.67% of all mutant alleles). Both were compound heterozygous for two different mutations. Previous haplotype studies of Welsh Gypsies with PKU were uninformative in the determination of heterozygosity. ASO hybridization served us effectively for the consequent analyses in Gypsy PKU-related families and to identify the carriers among the unrelated subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Case of metastatic carcinoma from end of the 8th-early 9th century Slovakia.

The first case of metastatic carcinoma ever detected in Slovakia comes from a Slavonic cemetery at Borovce, in the district of Piest'any, which is dated from the end of the 8th to the middle of the 12th century AD. The disease afflicted a 50-60-year-old male, buried in a grave from the older phase of inhumation (8th-early 9th century AD). A number of osteolytic metastases were found in all bones of the skull and postcranial skeleton except for the forearms, hands, lower legs, and feet. They were studied macroscopically by standard X-rays, and by scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Analogous finds from Central European countries were also obtained. They are discussed in relation to their chronology, which shows a tendency of increasing occurrence culminating in the Middle Ages. Some demographic and paleopathological characteristics of the burials in the Borovce cemetery are also provided.

Anthropology, Physical↗
PubMed1995

The effect of emissions on heavy metals concentrations in cattle from the area of an industrial plant in Slovakia.

Attention was devoted to the effects of risk element-containing industrial emissions on the biological material of cattle bred on farms in the vicinity of a metallurgical plant in East Slovakia. The observations lasted two years and included four agricultural farms in the polluted area and one control farm outside this area. In 1991, 20, 30, 30, 30, and 30 samples of milk, muscle, liver, heart, and kidney tissue were analyzed, whereas in 1992, 30, 48, 48, 48, and 48 respective samples were taken. For Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, Pb, and Ni analyses, the AAS method was employed, using the UNICAM 939 device, while Hg residues were determined on the TMA 254 analyzer. In 1991, of a total of 120 samples of tissue and organs, 12.5%, 9.16% and 0.8% were found to contain above-limit levels of Cd, Ni, and Cu, respectively. The concentrations of the remaining elements, viz., Zn, Mn, Pb, and Hg, did not surpass the permitted maxima. In 1992, 1.03%, 2.60%, 0.51%, and 5.20% of 192 samples of tissue and organs contained above-limit Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Genetic characterization of a new hantavirus detected in Microtus arvalis from Slovakia.

A new hantavirus, called Malacky, has been identified in lung tissue specimens of a vole, Microtus arvalis, by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The voles were trapped in a geographical area in Slovakia where hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is endemic in the human population. Sequence analysis of a major part of the S segment showed this virus to represent a new subtype within Tula, a new hantavirus genetic group defined very recently.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Determination of the daily selenium intake in Slovakia.

Three models were used to determine the daily dietary Selenium intake in Slovakia. The Selenium content of food produced and consumed in the Slovak Republic was used to estimate and calculate the daily Selenium intake based on food consumption data per capita and seven days, (24 h) eating protocol models. In a duplicate portion model, Selenium was analyzed in a whole day hospital diet during an eight-day period. According to these models the daily dietary Selenium intake was 38.2 microg; 43.3 +/- 6.5 microg for men and 32.6 /- 6.6 microg for women; 27.1 +/- 7.8 microg for normal and 32.3 +/- 4.8 microg for nourishing hospital diets. The main contributors of Selenium to daily intake were the following: eggs, pork, and poultry. The obtained results indicate that the daily dietary intake of Selenium of the Slovak people is below the recommended values.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Detection of SEN virus in the general population and different risk groups in Slovakia.

Sera of 426 adult persons were examined to assess the prevalence of SEN virus (SENV) infection in Slovakia and to determine the importance of different risk factors for parenteral transmission. SENV prevalence was determined by the PCR method using primers of SENV-D and SENV-H strains. Positive results were found in 10 of 37 patients with acute hepatitis of unknown etiology, 7 of 38 with acute hepatitis B, 17 of 44 with chronic hepatitis B, 29 of 102 with chronic hepatitis C, 36 of 72 hemodialysis patients, 2 of 33 health care workers and 24 of 100 persons from the control group. The highest prevalence of SENV was among hemodialysis patients, significantly higher than in the groups of health care workers, acute hepatitis B and controls. The lowest prevalence was in health care workers group, significantly lower also in comparison with groups of chronic hepatitis B and C. Among the possible risk factors of virus transmission the average duration of hemodialysis (1.15 vs. 0.50 years), number of surgeries (1.60 vs. 1.10) and transfusions (1.34 vs. 0.94) showed notable differences in terms of SENV infection. Bilirubin and aminotransferase levels did not differ between SENV-positive and -negative groups. No pathogenetic role of SEN virus in liver injury was confirmed.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Saccharomyces bayanus var. uvarum in Tokaj wine-making of Slovakia and Hungary.

Using genetic hybridisation analysis and molecular karyotyping we revealed an association of Saccharomyces bayanus var. uvarum species with Tokaj wine-making. Along with identification of Saccharomyces strains isolated by E. Minárik in Slovakia, the composition of Tokaj populations in Hungary was studied. Twenty-eight Hungarian Saccharomyces strains were analysed in terms of karyotype. The majority of strains belong to S. bayanus var. uvarum. Two non-identified Saccharomyces strains were found to be polyploid according to their complex karyotype patterns.

DNA, Bacterial↗