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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[The murder at Grünerløkken--a centenary].

In December 1898, a five year old boy was found murdered and sexually abused at Grünerløkka in Oslo. The crime was reported to the police by a 19 year old boy, who soon after was detained and charged with the misdeed. In spring 1899 he was found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment with hard labour. This article is based on a long and detailed forensic medical and psychiatric report from the investigation and trial, published in this Journal in 1899, and on the Oslo press coverage of the crime. It shows that much has changed during these 100 years regarding both the privacy of the victim, the accused and their families, and factors paid attention to in the psychiatric assessment of the accused.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

A public outreach in epilepsy surgery using a serial novel on BLOG: a preliminary report.

BLOG (Web Log) is a new internet media system characterized by a frequent, chronological publication of personal thoughts with multiple Web links. The author investigated whether a 'fiction novel' on BLOG describing a girl undergoing epilepsy surgery can potentially facilitate familiarity to epilepsy surgery among the general internet users in Japan. The BLOG was initiated on July 13, 2005 and obtained daily public accesses ranging about 80-500 without any external funding support. The survey was conducted on the BLOG from November 28 until December 4, 2005. The mean of daily accesses during the survey period was 135, and a total of 27 users responded to a single questionnaire. Sixteen responders indicated that this novel facilitated awareness of epilepsy surgery, and eight indicated that they have been aware of epilepsy surgery even before reading the novel. The author found that advantages of BLOG as a tool for outreach and survey included a small cost and high speediness, whereas major limitations of BLOG-based surveys included limited coverage and severe non-response bias. A public outreach in epilepsy surgery might be possible using BLOG, but the magnitude of public outreach in this project has been quite small. A better outreach system may be required to increase the number of patients with uncontrolled seizures benefiting from epilepsy surgery.

Epilepsy↗
PubMed2005

A large-scale screening of the normalized mammalian mitochondrial gene expression profiles.

Mammalian mitochondrial genomes are organized in a conserved and extremely compact manner, encoding molecules that play a vital role in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and carry out a number of other important biological functions. A large-scale screening of the normalized mitochondrial gene expression profiles generated from publicly available mammalian serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) datasets (over 17.7 millions of tags) was performed in this study. Acquired SAGE libraries represent an extensive range of human, mouse, rat, bovine and swine cell and tissue samples (normal and pathological) in a variety of conditions. Using a straightforward in silico algorithm, variations in total mitochondrial gene expression, as well as in the expression of individual genes encoded by mitochondrial genomes are addressed, and common patterns in the species- and tissue-specific mitochondrial gene expression profiles are discussed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

Magnetic resonance lung function--a breakthrough for lung imaging and functional assessment? A phantom study and clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Chronic lung diseases are a major issue in public health. A serial pulmonary assessment using imaging techniques free of ionizing radiation and which provides early information on local function impairment would therefore be a considerably important development. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful tool for the static and dynamic imaging of many organs. Its application in lung imaging however, has been limited due to the low water content of the lung and the artefacts evident at air-tissue interfaces. Many attempts have been made to visualize local ventilation using the inhalation of hyperpolarized gases or gadolinium aerosol responding to MRI. None of these methods are applicable for broad clinical use as they require specific equipment. METHODS: We have shown previously that low-field MRI can be used for static imaging of the lung. Here we show that mathematical processing of data derived from serial MRI scans during the respiratory cycle produces good quality images of local ventilation without any contrast agent. A phantom study and investigations in 85 patients were performed. RESULTS: The phantom study proved our theoretical considerations. In 99 patient investigations good correlation (r = 0.8; p < or = 0.001) was seen for pulmonary function tests and MR ventilation measurements. Small ventilation defects were visualized. CONCLUSION: With this method, ventilation defects can be diagnosed long before any imaging or pulmonary function test will indicate disease. This surprisingly simple approach could easily be incorporated in clinical routine and may be a breakthrough for lung imaging and functional assessment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of the integrated Radio Communication Project in Nepal, 1994-1997.

The Radio Communication Project (RCP) in Nepal is an ongoing, theory-based, multimedia reproductive health campaign which began in 1995. It consists of two entertainment-education radio serials (a soap opera for the general public and a dramatized distance education serial for health workers), additional radio spot advertisements and promotions, and complementary print materials. This paper examines impact data from a variety of sources, including a pre- and postpanel survey of currently married women (N = 1905), three waves of clinic-based observations of client-provider interactions (N = 240 per wave) and client exit interviews (N = 240 per wave), and 2 years of clinic service statistics, in order to draw inferences about the separate and combined effects of the RCP components. The study found increased health worker interpersonal interaction skills, improved quality of client-provider interactions, increased client self-efficacy in dealing with health workers, improved client attitudes toward health services and toward the practice of family planning, increased adoption of family planning, and increased family planning service utilization, all attributable to the RCP. The panel data allowed statistical control of the influence of predisposing factors before the campaign on postcampaign ideation and behavior. The effect of the RCP on contraceptive behavior was largely indirect through its influence on ideation. Implications for the design of integrated, multimedia, entertainment-education campaigns and integrated evaluation designs are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed2000

The predictive value of intraoperative ST-segment monitoring as a marker of myocardial injury.

AIM: To evaluate the usefulness of dynamic intraoperative ST-monitoring in high-risk patients comparing it to preoperative clinical assessment and concurrent biochemical markers of cardiac injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients clinically assessed as being at high risk for perioperative cardiac complications were recruited into this prospective, observational study in a public hospital. All had serial ECGs, cardiac enzymes and troponin-T measurements. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of ST-segment changes in terms of predicting cardiac complications were calculated. We investigated the relationship between ST changes and biochemical markers of ischaemia and the predictive value of nonspecific (ASA) and specific (Goldman) clinical scores for cardiac complications. RESULTS: When correlated with cardiac complications, ST-segment monitoring had sensitivity 45.4%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100% and negative predictive value 66.7%. The correlation with CK-MB and troponin T was sensitivity 16.7% and 25%, specificity 73.3% and 75%, positive predictive value 20% and 20%, and negative predictive value 68.8% and 80%, respectively. The percentage of patients with cardiac complications increased with poor Goldman and ASA clinical scores; 25%, 40%, 62.5% and 100% in Goldman risk index groups of 0-5, 6-12, 13-25 and > 25, respectively; and 33.3% and 52.6% in ASA II and ASA III, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the importance of the anaesthesiologist preoperative assessment of cardiac risk. The probability that a patient with significant ST-depression will develop subsequent cardiac complications is 100%, which reflects its usefulness in this high-risk pre-selected sample. However, the test has a low sensitivity (45.4%).

Aged↗
PubMed2004

The Mouse SAGE Site: database of public mouse SAGE libraries.

The Mouse SAGE Site is a web-based database of all available public libraries generated by the Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) from various mouse tissues and cell lines. The database contains mouse SAGE libraries organized in a uniform way and provides web-based tools for browsing, comparing and searching SAGE data with reliable tag-to-gene identification. A modified approach based on the SAGEmap database is used for reliable tag identification. The Mouse SAGE Site is maintained on an ongoing basis at the Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and is accessible at the internet address http://mouse.biomed.cas.cz/sage/.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Oral health of Brazilian elderly: a systematic review of epidemiologic status and dental care access].

Population aging and declining birth rate have significantly altered the Brazilian age structure pyramid. In parallel with demographic transition, epidemiological transition is altering morbidity-mortality profiles, without adequate health support for the elderly population group. By searching databases, the objective of this study was a systemic literature review from 1986 to 2004 concerning the most prevalent oral problems experienced by elderly Brazilians, aimed at revealing the main obstacles for accessing health services. Mean DMFT index values in this study ranged from 25 to 31. Most articles reported a high percentage of edentulism. The main barriers for access to dental services were poor education, low income, and scarcity of public oral health services. Brazilian elderly oral health is thus precarious, with high edentulism rates, periodontal problems, decayed teeth, and great need for prostheses, reflecting the historical inefficacy of public dental services, limited to serial extractions and emergency services, based on the curative model.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Accuracy of indexing coverage information as reported by serials sources.

This article reports on the accuracy of indexing service coverage information listed in three serials sources: Ulrich's International Periodicals Directory, SERLINE, and The Serials Directory. The titles studied were randomly selected journals that began publication in either 1981 or 1986. Aggregate results reveal that these serials sources perform at 92%, 97%, and 95% levels of accuracy respectively. When the results are analyzed by specific indexing services by year, the performance scores ranged from 80% to 100%. All three serials sources tend to underreport index coverage. The author advances five recommendations for improving index coverage accuracy and four specific proposals for future research. The results suggest that, for the immediate future, librarians should treat index coverage information reported in these three serials sources with some skepticism.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2004

Giant cell arteritis: strategies in diagnosis and treatment.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes current diagnostic assessments and therapeutic strategies in giant cell arteritis. Giant cell arteritis or temporal arteritis is a chronic vasculitis of large and medium-size vessels. Concurrent symptoms of proximal muscular ache and morning stiffness, polymyalgia rheumatica, are commonly seen. Recent investigations support the contention that polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis are two different expressions of the same underlying vasculitic disorder. RECENT FINDINGS: The symptomatology of giant cell arteritis is quite varying. Recently a frequent occurrence of audiovestibular manifestations was demonstrated, which should be actively searched for in the clinical investigation. Although color Doppler ultrasound, MRI, and positron emission tomography have illustrated the widespread nature of giant cell arteritis, none of these techniques may currently replace temporal artery biopsy. Biopsy of the superficial temporal artery is a safe and simple procedure, and remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. The importance of long biopsies and meticulous histologic examination using sub-serial sectioning is emphasized. Numerous recent publications confirm the low diagnostic yield of a second, contralateral biopsy. Corticosteroids remain the cornerstone in the treatment of giant cell arteritis. Although steroid treatment promptly eliminates symptoms of systemic inflammation, its effect on inflammatory morphology is delayed. Consequently, there is a need for new therapeutic strategies. The potential role of aspirin has recently been implicated.

Giant Cell Arteritis↗
PubMed1990

Forensic sexology: paraphilic serial rape (biastophilia) and lust murder (erotophonophilia).

Forensic sexology is not synonymous with either forensic psychiatry or forensic psychology. It is a specialty in its own right, and is needed in the courtroom. Paraphilic sex offenders on trial are misrepresented as being, by their own choice, psychopathic or sociopathic deviates. They are unable to explain their paraphilic criminality to either themselves or society. In a case of serial rape and serial lust murder here presented, the contributory causes are examined and differentiated as hereditary predisposition, hormonal functioning; pathological relationships, sexual abuse; and syndrome overlap with bipolar disorder, schizoid disorder, antisocial personality disorder, epilepsy, and multiple personality. The precipitating causes were differentiated as childhood head injuries, and adult head injury at age 20. Left impact trauma and sexological trauma were sequelae of the adult injury. The full range of diagnostic resources was not available for a prisoner on death row. Capital punishment has not prevented the reemergence in each new generation of serial rape and serial lust murder as an epidemiological, public health problem. Punishment is an ineffectual substitute for epidemiological research into cause, effect, and prevention.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed2002

Identification of a novel breast- and salivary gland-specific, mucin-like gene strongly expressed in normal and tumor human mammary epithelium.

Expression profiling using the public expressed sequence tag (EST) and serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) databases resulted in the identification of a putative breast-specific mRNA that we have termed small breast epithelial mucin (SBEM). Hybridization analysis performed on 43 normal human tissues revealed that the SBEM gene was only expressed in mammary and salivary glands. Further reverse-transcription PCR analyses confirmed SBEM expression in most of established human breast epithelial cell lines analyzed (7 of 8) but not in cell lines of non-breast origin (0 of 6). SBEM mRNA expression was detected in >90% of invasive ductal carcinomas and correlated with the expression of a previously characterized breast-specific gene, mammaglobin-1 (n = 54; Spearman r = 0.34, P = 0.011). Interestingly, a higher SBEM:mammaglobin-1 ratio was observed in primary tumors with axillary lymph node metastasis than in node-negative tumors (n = 46; Mann-Whitney, P = 0.04). In a subset of 20 primary breast tumors and their matched axillary lymph nodes, a high concordance (Fisher's exact test, P < 0.001) was seen between PCR detection of SBEM mRNA in lymph node tissue and their histopathological status, indicating that SBEM mRNA expression is conserved in nodal metastasis. The SBEM gene is predicted to code for a putative low molecular weight, secreted sialoglycoprotein, potentially useful for the diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1996

Orthodontic care in Sweden. Outcome in three counties.

The purpose of this series of studies was to evaluate the outcome of orthodontic care in Sweden from the professional's and the patient's perspective. In addition, a model was devised for the priority-planning of orthodontic care and for evaluating the different factors influencing the decision for orthodontic treatment. The results may be summarized as follows: Treatment Decision. Treatment desire, followed by treatment need and treatment benefit were the most important factors to consider when deciding whether or not treatment should be carried out. Regardless of the differences in resources and the structure of the free public care, a substantial proportion of the untreated 19-year-olds had malocclusions with treatment need, but they had no desire for treatment. Most of the 27-year-old individuals were satisfied with their earlier treatment decision, regardless of whether they had undergone orthodontic treatment. Dental professionals were considered to have had the greatest influence on this decision, which means that desire for treatment may be guided by the orthodontist. Individuals with malocclusions and treatment need--but who had refused proposed orthodontic treatment--were in general more discontented with their dental arrangement than other respondents, and a majority of them regretted their decision. Greater information to these individuals would have been desirable. Resources and Treatments Provided by General Practitioners or by Specialists. The sparsity of specialist resources resulted in either a greater restriction on the number necessary treatments being initiated or a greater proportion of the treatment being provided by general practitioners. In the 3 counties analysed, the treatment standard correlated well with the available resources: the greater the number of orthodontic specialists and ability to supervise the work of general practitioners and taking care of patients in need of specialist treatment, the higher the standard of treatment. Individuals treated by specialists were more contented than individuals treated by general practitioners. The measures of treatment outcome in general yielded more favourable scores for specialist treatments than for treatments provided by general practitioners, despite the specialist treatments on the average being classified as more difficult than those provided by general practitioners. Perceived treatment difficulty. About one-fourth of all treatments were classified as easy, one-fourth as moderately difficult, and one-half as difficult. The perceived treatment difficulty was associated on a group basis with the pretreatment need. The treatment investment increased and the treatment outcome became less favourable with increasing perceived difficulty. The treatment outcome was least favourable in the group where no treatment was suggested. Almost every fourth treatment was successfully carried out by mere extraction therapy. Attitudes in 27-year-olds. Orthodontic treatment was considered important by three out of four individuals, even in cases where irregularities of the teeth were small. A majority of the individuals thought that they would have been able to wear visible braces if needed, even in adult age. Methodological aspects. Studies that have used different indices to evaluate treatment outcome can only be compared with great caution. Measures with wide bases for evaluation may be more valid than measures with narrow bases. To estimate treatment outcome in terms of decrease of treatment need, the Indication Index may be recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Tobacco industry influence on the definition of tobacco related disorders by the American Psychiatric Association.

OBJECTIVE: The Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, third edition (DSM-III), published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1980, included the first official definitions by the APA of tobacco dependence and tobacco withdrawal. Tobacco industry efforts to influence the DSM-III were investigated. METHOD: Searches of previously secret tobacco industry documents, primarily the University of California San Francisco Legacy Tobacco Documents Library and British American Tobacco collections. Additional information was collected through discussions with editors of DSM-III, and library and general internet searches. RESULTS: The tobacco companies regarded the inclusion of tobacco dependence as a diagnosis in DSM-III as an adverse event. It worked to influence the content of the DSM-III and its impact following publication. These efforts included public statements and private lobbying of DSM-III editors and high ranking APA officers by prominent US psychiatrists with undisclosed ties to the tobacco industry. Following publication of DSM-III, tobacco companies contracted with two US professors of psychiatry to organise a conference and publish a monograph detailing controversies surrounding DSM-III. CONCLUSIONS: The tobacco industry and its allies lobbied to narrow the definition of tobacco dependence in serial revisions of DSM-III. Following publication of DSM-III, the industry took steps to try to mitigate its impact. These actions mirror industry tactics to influence medical research and policy in various contexts worldwide. Such tactics slow the spread of a professional and public understanding of smoking and health that otherwise would reduce smoking, smoking induced disease, and tobacco company profits.

Conflict of Interest↗
PubMed2006

Female serial killing: review and case report.

BACKGROUND: Single homicide committed by women is rare. Serial killing is very infrequent, and the perpetrators are usually white, intelligent males with sadistic tendencies. Serial killing by women has, however, also been described. AIM: To conduct a review of published literature on female serial killers and consider its usefulness in assessing a presenting case. METHOD: A literature review was conducted, after searching EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO. The presenting clinical case is described in detail in the context of the literature findings. Results The literature search revealed few relevant publications. Attempts to categorize the phenomenon of female serial killing according to patterns of and motives for the homicides have been made by some authors. The most common motive identified was material gain or similar extrinsic gratification while the 'hedonistic' sadistic or sexual serial killer seems to be extremely rare in women. There is no consistent theory of serial killing by women, but psychopathic personality traits and abusive childhood experiences have consistently been observed. The authors' case did not fit the description of a 'typical' female serial killer. DISCUSSION: In such unusual circumstances as serial killing by a woman, detailed individual case formulation is required to make sense of the psychopathology in each case. Publication of cases in scientific journals should be encouraged to advance our understanding of this phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Serial arsenic poisoning: two Alabama cases.

Arsenic poisoners are predominantly women. The occasional localization of cases suggests the inspiration may result from the publicity of earlier cases or word of mouth. Two recent cases of serial arsenic poisoners in Alabama are presented with discussion of the psychodynamics of the murderers.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1996

Jacob--the case of a serial killer.

This paper describes a rare forensic psychiatric syndrome which has been the subject of massive publicity in the last decade. Despite the widespread interest, the psychodynamic process whereby a person becomes a serial murderer remains largely unknown. "Jacob" was convicted of a series of murders that he carried out over a decade. The case material is based on the psychiatric reports that were presented to the court and the many articles published in the local press at the time. Despite the limitations imposed by the material, the available information on "Jacob" bears some similarity to the phenomenological and psychodynamic models described in the literature. An attempt is made to understand the transformation of a person into a serial killer considering the life events, psychopathology and stressors that lead to the emergence from the world of imagination and fantasy of a potential murderer to the deeds that comprise the syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Detection of fibrin monomer. Comparison of the immune precipitate method with the serial-dilution protamine sulfate test and the ethanol gel test.

In a previous publication, a method for measuring fibrin monomer in plasma with the use of an immune precipitate of fibrinogen was described. The method was found to be more sensitive to unstabilized fibrin monomer than the serial-dilution protamine sulfate test, or the ethanol gel test, and detected fibrin in a mixture of the plasmin digestion products of fibrin. In the present study the sensitivity of the immune precipitate method for detecting specific plasmin digestion products of fibrin X, Y, D, and E, its sensitivity for stabilized fibrin monomer complexes, and its sensitivity for fibrin retaining B-peptide were measured and compared with the corresponding sensitivities of the serial-dilution protamine sulfate test and the ethanol gel test for detecting these same products. The immune precipitate method was found to be highly sensitive to stabilized fibrin monomer complexes and to fibrin retaining B-peptide; to be significantly less sensitive to the plasmin digestion fragments X, Y, and E; and to be insensitive to fragment D. The serial-dilution protamine sulfate test and the ethanol gel test were found to be insensitive to all of the plasmin digestion products of fibrin and less sensitive to the other fibrin complexes.

Batroxobin↗