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PubMedDate not supplied

[A survey on the satisfaction of the users of the Zaidin-Sur de Granada Health Center (1989)].

In order to know the users's degree of satisfaction in the Primary Health Care Center of Zaidin-Sur in Granada, a survey has been carried out by means of a personal interview at home in an aleatory sample of 615 individuals. The questionnaire has 28 closed questions with multiple answer and collects sociodemographic variables, self-perception of health condition, acceptability of medical and nursery care. The interview was anonymous and carried out by nursery students of third year. The 52% of the sample expressed that his health level was "excellent" or "good" and it was worse when the educational level was lower and the age was higher. The group of workers showed the highest valuation of health condition. The levels of trust on the doctor, the time of dedication and the information given to the patient reach slightly lower values than the ones found in literature; personal treatment and interest towards the patient have been valued the best. Center space structure and timetable have been the most penalized variables. We conclude that there is a need of improving the nursery service care a need of the information, from all the professionals working in the center, given to the patients on their problems, which are the cause of their going to the health consult, and the need of enlarging the space of the center.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Defense style and adaptation in adolescents with depressions and eating disorders.

Maturity of defense style has been associated with the level of adaptive functioning, but few studies have assessed defense style using self-report questionnaires which can provide ratings with great reliability and objectivity. We compared self-perception of defense style (using Bond's Defense Style Questionnaire) with ratings of adaptation assessed retrospectively by two independent raters (using the DSM III-R Global Assessment of Functioning scale) in a population of 100 adolescent girls diagnosed as having either an eating disorder or depression. There was significant correlation between maturity of defense style and level of adaptation, with greater maturity of defense style being associated with higher levels of adaptive functioning. This effect was independent of diagnosis within this population.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measuring balance in the elderly: validation of an instrument.

This study assessed the validity of the Balance Scale by examining: how Scale scores related to clinical judgements and self-perceptions of balance, laboratory measures of postural sway and external criteria reflecting balancing ability; if scores could predict falls in the elderly; and how they related to motor and functional performance in stroke patients. Elderly residents (N = 113) were assessed for functional performance and balance regularly over a nine-month period. Occurrence of falls was monitored for a year. Acute stroke patients (N = 70) were periodically rated for functional independence, motor performance and balance for over three months. Thirty-one elderly subjects were assessed by clinical and laboratory indicators reflecting balancing ability. The Scale correlated moderately with caregiver ratings, self-ratings and laboratory measures of sway. Differences in mean Scale scores were consistent with the use of mobility aids by elderly residents and differentiated stroke patients by location of follow-up. Balance scores predicted the occurrence of multiple falls among elderly residents and were strongly correlated with functional and motor performance in stroke patients.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1992

Impaired emotional health in children with mild reading disability.

Children with reading disabilities are at risk for emotional difficulties. There is some evidence that reading-disabled children with high socioeconomic status may be at risk of having low self-esteem. We conducted a preliminary study of the impact of reading disability on children's self-esteem and emotional health in a select group of mildly impaired reading disabled children with well-educated parents who were well informed about reading disabilities. We interviewed 28 healthy, preadolescent boys and girls with mean reading delay of 9.0 months and 39 comparable nonreading disabled children who formed the control group. Children and parents completed the Harter's Self-Perception Profile. Parents completed the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist and Rand Mental Health Survey. We found that these mildly impaired reading-disabled children were more anxious and less happy than were nondisabled students despite having well-informed, well-educated parents (mean level of education = 17.0 years). Reading-disabled children considered themselves to be less competent scholastically, and their parents rated them as less competent than nondisabled children on all measures of self-esteem. These well-educated mothers tended to underrate their child's perceived scholastic competence. Controlling for behavior problems, Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist scores for social competence were lower for reading-disabled children. These findings suggest that the mildly impaired reading-disabled children with high socioeconomic status are at risk for low self-esteem and poor emotional health.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

The training of general practitioners in France.

The status quo of medical education in France, particularly as it applies to the training of generalists, is critically evaluated, based on a literature review and extensive contact with French physicians. Medical school in France consists of three cycles. The first cycle, beginning after secondary school, lasts two years, with an examination in the middle elimination 80% of the students. The second cycle, lasting four years, is a combination of theoretical and bedside teaching, with limited ward responsibilities. Almost half of the 4,000 students completing the second cycle enter a third cycle in general medicine, most of whom do so because they failed to pass the entry test for specialization. This third cycle, lasting two years, is the equivalent of residency but is almost entirely hospital based. General medicine currently suffers in terms, of patient, peer, and self-perception. Implications for the future are considered.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1992

Self-perceived social function among disabled children in regular classrooms.

Disabled children represent an important "at-risk" group for emotional and behavioral problems. This study determined how they assess their own social function in regular classrooms and compared them with their able-bodied peers. School principals identified 60 visibly disabled children who were integrated into regular classes for at least 50% of the time. A comparison group of 56 randomly selected, same-gender classmates was identified. Children completed the Perceived Competence Scale and a classroom sociometric scale. Parents and teachers were asked to rate each child's social function. Disabled children rated themselves lower on physical competence (mean = 2.53 vs 2.92, p = .002) but not on social or cognitive competence. However, disabled children had fewer friends and scored lower on the classroom sociometric measure than did their able-bodied classmates (mean = 2.06 vs 2.39, p = .01). There was no difference between disabled and control children when social function was assessed by parents or teachers. For all children two variables were significantly associated with the child's self-perceived social competence: the child's self-perceived physical competence (R2 = .27) and the peer sociometric rating (R2 = .13). Teacher perception (R2 = .35) and self-perception (R2 = .10) of social function were most strongly associated with the perception of peers. In both cases whether the child was disabled contributed little to the observed association. These findings support the importance of peers in the successful social function of children and suggest that teachers can have an impact on how children are perceived by other children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

After-school child care and self-esteem in school-age children.

Although more than 2 million US children are in self-care after school, little is known of the extent to which self-care may adversely affect developmental processes, such as the development of self-esteem. To test the hypothesis that lower self-esteem is associated with being in self-care, 297 subjects in fourth and sixth grades from three ethnically diverse schools in northern California were enrolled in a cross-sectional study during November 1987. Sixty percent of subjects were in adult in-home care, 13% in adult out-of-home care, 19% in self-care, and 8.0% in older sibling care. No significant differences in self-competence scores, as measured by the Harter Self-perception Profile for Children, were observed for children in self-care compared with the three other care groups. However, children who were cared for by older siblings unexpectedly exhibited lower self-competence scores for five of the six self-competence domains, with three domains showing significance at P less than .05. Children in self-care were significantly more isolated socially than children in adult care, reporting fewer opportunities to play outside or have friends visit at their homes. The results indicate that children in sibling care may be at potentially greater risk for negative effects on self-esteem and social development. Children in self-care may also experience more social isolation after school than children in other forms of afterschool care.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Assessing the loneliness of workers with mental retardation.

This study was designed to determine whether a reliable instrument could be developed to measure the loneliness experienced by workers with mental retardation. In addition, supervisors were asked to rate subjects on loneliness and four other behavioral subtypes in order to determine whether there was a relation between these ratings and the loneliness questionnaire. Three groups of subjects were assessed: persons with mild, moderate, and severe mental retardation. Results indicated that the Worker Loneliness Questionnaire was a reliable instrument for use with persons with mild and moderate mental retardation. In addition, the results showed that some individuals were lonely; however, this was not a pervasive feeling. The implications for measuring the self-perceptions of individuals with mental retardation were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Improving smoking cessation counseling by family practice residents.

BACKGROUND: While programs to train residents in smoking cessation counseling skills have been devised, few have assessed trainee behavioral changes in practice settings where residents were blind to the evaluation of their behavior. This study assessed the effectiveness of a training program in smoking cessation counseling and chart-prompting system in increasing the frequency and quality of counseling by residents at three clinic sites. METHODS: Twenty-eight residents participated in a training program that included epidemiology, discussion of attitudes, counseling techniques, videotaped examples, and small group role play. The chart-prompting system was implemented at two clinics 1 month after training. Patient exit interviews, during which information on resident counseling on smoking cessation was obtained, were conducted before training, after training, at 3-month follow-up, and at 6-month follow-up. Questionnaires assessing knowledge, attitudes, and self-perceived counseling behaviors were completed by residents at pretraining, posttraining, and 6-month follow-up periods. RESULTS: Interviews with 517 smokers were analyzed. Results showed an increase in counseling at 3-month follow-up but a regression toward baseline at 6 months. Counseling improved at clinics where chart prompting was initiated. The number of counseling behaviors decreased when the number of patients seen increased. Whether a patient received counseling was positively associated with prior contact with the physician. There was no correlation between resident self-perception and patient report. CONCLUSIONS: A training program in smoking cessation counseling and a chart-prompting system did not result in a lasting change in resident behavior. System factors may play an important role in long-term behavior change.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1979

Microteaching: a model for employee counseling education.

An instructional model for the implementation and use of videotape simulation to improve dietetic students' skills in employee counseling was explored in the coordinated undergraduate program at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. A five-day intensive workshop was conducted for senior students in the program, utilizing the microteaching technique. Students and actors simulated an employee counseling session on videotape; then, a small group and a clinical instructor evaluated the session. Suggestions from these evaluations were used in a repeat of the situation on videotape. A team of experts randomly viewed all the situations, judging a significant improvement in composite scores for the workshop participants. The students indicated on a Self-Perception of Confidence (SPOC) scale that they felt a higher degree of comfort in handling potential employee counseling after completing the workshop. They were pleased with the workshop and suggested expansion of the technique to other phases of their dietetic education.

Counseling↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An objective method for forming diagnostic sub-groups of ulcer patients].

79 ulcer patients were arranged in 6 seb-groups by means of a Q-analysis. Relevant items of their self-images in the Giessen-Test selected through factor analysis were the basis of this sub-grouping. Description of the sub-groups was based on factor analysis of 5 dimensions and discriminance analysis of 3 dimensions obtained in the self-perceptions and self-images. The patient's view of his illness, his social status and his physical ailments were also included as dimensions of the 6 sub-groups. A clinically obtained typology of the characteristics of these sub-groups was checked and verified.

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMed1977

Attitudes of adolescents to their body build and the problem of juvenile obesity.

Prevalence of obesity, attitude to body weight and dimensions, eating habits, opinions on good nutrition and on the causes and prevention of obesity were studied in two groups of Israeli children, each comprising about 500 boys and girls, 13--14 years old. Mean relative weight was close to median weight for height, although 9 per cent of both boys and girls weighed more than 120 per cent of median weight. Weight was closely related to triceps skinfold thickness. Twenty-six per cent of the boys and 15 per cent of the girls rated themselves as thin, 61 per cent of children of both sexes as medium, and 13 per cent of the boys and 25 per cent of the girls as obese. Self-perception of body build was more closely related to weight than to skinfold thickness. Two-thirds of the boys and over one-half of the girls were satisfied with their weight, but dissatisfaction with size and shape was often expressed. Boys wished to have larger muscles and chest circumference and many girls, even when not obese, wanted to be smaller in size and shape. Most of the obese children wanted to lose weight. Of 499 children examined, 16 boys (7 per cent of the sample) and 58 (21 per cent) girls reported for dietary therapy. While most of these children were obese, by either subjective or objective criteria, an appreciable number of nonobese children were also dieting. The children's own perception of their body build seemed to be a strong motivation to diet for weight control. Most of the dieters did not receive any dietary advice from professional people. Over two-thirds of both boys and girls believed that daily consumption of milk, bread, fruits, eggs, cheese, meat, and tomatoes is desirable. More overweight than thin and normal-weight children indicated that, to prevent obesity, all kinds of food are permissible, but only in limited amounts. Most children believed in the fattening value of cakes, sweets, fried and fatty foods, potatoes, bread and nuts. Overweight children, particularly girls, reported eating less bread, cake and cream, adding less sugar to beverages, and eating sweets and ice cream less frequently than thin and normal-weight children. Overweight teen-agers appear to be more conscious of their food intake than under- and normal-weight children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Physical estimation and attraction scales: rationale and research.

Rationale, development, and validation studies for the Physical Estimation and Attraction Scales (PEAS) are dicussed. A psychological model for physical activity participation is advanced which utilizes Estimation (self-perceptions of physical ability) and Attraction (measured interest in physical activity) as mediating variables in physical ability, physical activity participation, self-esteem relationships. Tests of the model have inferred physical ability from performance at motor fitness tests, participation from paper and pencil self-reports, and self-esteem from several of the more widely used measures of general self-esteem. Conclusions developed from studying these variables in male adolescent samples are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

["Therapeutic play" als clinical short-term group therapy in rehabilitative and preventive internal medicine (author's transl)].

A method of therapeutic play was presented which was used with young patients in treatment at a health resort. The patients were diagnosed as suffering from the vegetative syndrome. They also exhibited psychological problems such as difficulty in establishing interpersonal relationships, inhibition and depressive tendencies. This method consisting of a three-stage program of self-perception, interaction and role playing has been used successfully as short-term group therapy in the context of treatment at a health resort as the investigation of 49 participants shows.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The sexual behaviour of bisexual men in relation to HIV transmission.

Relatively little is known about the behaviour of bisexual men which may help in assessing their role in HIV transmission. A sample of 60 behaviourally bisexual men were asked about their sexual behaviour with male and female partners and their perceptions of risk of HIV infection. Only a minority of men engaged in unprotected anal sex with their male partners while two thirds had unprotected vaginal sex with their female partners. This asymmetrical pattern of sexual behaviour reflects a differential perception of risk of HIV infection with male and female partners. A quarter of the men had unprotected penetrative sex with both male and female partners in the previous year. The pattern of risk behaviour varied amongst men living in gay, heterosexual or bisexual contexts.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parenting enhancement among Egyptian mothers in a tertiary care setting.

This study tested the efficacy and effectiveness of systematically planned parenting enhancement program aimed toward breaking the cycle of high-risk mothers producing high-risk babies in Egypt. The assumption is that self-esteem and self-care are requisites to effective parenting, which can be enhanced or impeded by human and environmental forces. Given that parenting is a learned behavior, it can be repatterned by modifying human-environmental processes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Differential impact of abortion on adolescents and adults.

The purpose of this study was to compare adolescent and adult reactions to abortion. A sample of 252 women from 42 states was obtained from a national survey of organizations serving as support groups for women who have had negative reactions to abortion. The age analysis was run using t-tests. Results indicated that the adolescents were significantly more likely to be dissatisfied with the choice of abortion than were the older subjects, to have abortions later in the gestational period, to be dissatisfied with services at the time of the abortion, to feel forced by circumstances to have the abortion, to report being misinformed at the time of the abortion, and to report greater severity of psychological stress. The conclusions suggest that the adolescents' problems may be due to a combination of developmental limitations and the nature of counseling at the time of the abortion.

Abortion Applicants↗