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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Immune complexes in the spleen. The difference between competitive inhibition of immune complex trapping in spleen follicles and inhibition by paratyphoid vaccine.

Paratyphoid vaccine injected between 4 days and 3 hours before injection of labelled immune complexes (125-I-labelled BGG-anti-BGG), inhibits follicular trapping of these complexes in the mouse spleen. Inhibition is maximal when paratyphoid vaccine is given 1 day before, almost no label being found in the spleen follicles. No inhibition of follicular trapping of the complexes occurred when paratyphoid vaccine was injected simultaneously with the labelled immune complexes. Competitive inhibition was found when unlabelled immune complexes were given together with labelled immune complexes. Simultaneous injection of mice with paratyphoid vaccine and labelled immune complexes resulted in an additonal form of localization of the labelled immune complexes in the white pulp, heavily labelled clumps also appearing in the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheaths and follicles. The results are discussed in relation to the mechanism of immune complex trapping in spleen follicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1971

Effect of flow-stop on noradrenaline release from normal spleens and spleens treated with cocaine, phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine.

1. Cat spleens were perfused with Krebs-bicarbonate solution, using a constant-flow pump at a rate of about 7 ml/min at 33-35 degrees C. Noradrenaline (NA) overflow by nerve stimulation at 10 Hz for 20 s was determined with or without flow-stop before and after treatment with cocaine, phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine. In order to determine the effect of flow-stop on overflow, the arterial and the venous flows were occluded by clamping the inflow and outflow tubes during the period of stimulation plus 30, 60 or 120 seconds.2. Without flow-stop, NA output was 0.93+/-0.25 ng/stimulus, which was significantly increased after cocaine (123+/-6.6%), phentolamine (415+/-93%) and phenoxybenzamine (578+/-107%). Phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine were much more effective than cocaine in enhancing overflow.3. Before treatment with drugs, flow-stops of 30, 60 and 120 s reduced NA outputs to 70+/-6.6, 27.5+/-2 and 7%, respectively, of the control outputs without flow-stop. None of the drugs significantly influenced the percentage reductions in NA outputs during a 30 s flow-stop. However, the percentage outputs after cocaine or phenoxybenzamine treatment during a 60 s flow-stop significantly increased to 45+/-2.5% and 57+/-6%, respectively, as compared to the percentage output of 27.5+/-2% from untreated spleens during a corresponding flow-stop period. During flow-stop, there was no appreciable metabolism of the released transmitter.4. Diffusion of the released transmitter from the site of liberation plays only a minor role in the removal of the released NA.5. It is suggested that the NA released by nerve stimulation acts on the presynaptic alpha sites to inhibit its own release by a negative feedback mechanism. Adrenoceptor blocking agents enhance the NA overflow from spleen because they remove this autoinhibition by blocking the presynaptic alpha sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Value of selective spleen scintigraphy when liver/spleen image shows equivocal spleen defects: concise communication.

A retrospective review was performed to determine the utility of selective spleen scintigraphy (SSS) in the evaluation of equivocal defects on liver/spleen (LS) image. Six of seven questionable features on LS image were classified on SSS to be definite defects in three, and normal in three. Three of seven patients had defects on SSS that were not seen on LS image. The inability of the LS image to exclude or delineate an abnormality in the spleen was attributed to an overlying left lobe of the liver in five, and to technique in one. The SSS is a valuable diagnostic tool in the further evaluation of equivocal spleen defects on LS image, and SSS may demonstrate abnormalities not demonstrated on LS image.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Regeneration of hemopoietic precursor cells in spleen organ cultures from irradiated mice: influence of genotype of cells injected and of the spleen microenvironment.

The regeneration of hemopoietic precursor cells (colony-forming cells, CFC) was monitored in spleen organ cultures from lethally irradiated mice injected with 10(7) normal syngeneic or allogeneic bone marrow cells. The important role of the microenvironment in supporting hemopoiesis was confirmed by the failure of mutant S1/S1d spleens to support CFC regeneration in organ cultures. However, the extent and quality of the CFC regeneration was clearly dependent on the genetic properties of the injected cells. Evidence for this was obtained from the regeneration patterns of various CFC types in organ cultured spleens derived from different mouse donor-recipient strain combinations (CBA/CBA, CBA/C57BL, CBA/BALB/c, C57BL/C57BL, C57BL/CBA, C57BL/BALB/c) that maintained the differences in the bone marrow frequency of various CFC types characteristic of the donor strain.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Ectopic spleens. About a spleen of the right iliac fossa (author's transl)].

A rare case of the presence of the spleen in the right iliac fossa is reported. The frequency and signs of ectopic and supernumerary spleens are described, the latter requiring differentiation from peritoneal splenosis. An embryological explanation for the presence of the spleen in the right iliac fossa is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Segmental resection of the spleen as function-preserving therapy in pediatric rupture of the spleen. Sealing of the resected surface with fibrin glue, collagen fleece and dexon net].

Segmentary resection of a traumatic ruptured spleen was carried out in two children. Bleeding of the resected area was prevented by stitching, and the resected space was sealed up by means of a layer of a collagen preparation and with fibrin adhesive. Furthermore, the parenchymal space was enveloped in a dexon net that was fastened under slight tension to the capsule of the residual spleen by means of fibrin adhesive. Postoperative progress of both children was without complications. Postoperatively a residual spleen was seen sonographically having approximately the size of an organ of substandard dimension.

Aprotinin↗
PubMed1987

Noradrenergic sympathetic innervation of the spleen: III. Development of innervation in the rat spleen.

The ontogeny of noradrenergic innervation and its compartmental development were studied in the rat spleen using glyoxylic acid histofluorescence and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Noradrenergic nerves were present at birth in bundles adjacent to the splenic artery and vein. On days 1-3, fluorescent profiles largely were associated with the vasculature and with the perivascular zone. By day 6, these fibers formed increasingly elaborate and tortuous plexuses around the central arteries and their branches. By day 10, fibers were present along the marginal sinus and extended into the developing marginal zone. Between day 10 and day 13 the largest increase in norepinephrine (NE) levels (per mg protein) were noted, and the periarteriolar lymphatic sheath (PALS) achieved its adult form, with increased innervation of the parenchyma. In contrast, the venous/trabecular system developed relatively late. The first trabecular fibers were evident at day 10, and the capsule was not innervated until day 13. From 13 days to adulthood, there was a gradual refinement and extension of existing patterns with no change in NE levels as measured by HPLC (per mg protein), suggesting that the innervation was keeping pace with rapid increases in spleen growth. The pattern of growth and development for noradrenergic nerves in the PALS remarkably parallels changes in T cell compartmentation during this period. We propose that norepinephrine is available for interaction with T cells at the earliest stages of development and could play a role in such processes as lymphocyte packing and the onset of immunocompetence.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Ontogenical studies on kinetics of lipopolysaccharide-induced response to bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes in mouse spleen cells. II. Response of spleen cells with or without Fc receptors, C3 receptors, or Ia antigens.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced plaque-forming cells secreting IgM (IgM-PFC) and antibodies against bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes (anti-BrMRBC PFC) on Days 1 and 2 of cultures were quantitatively estimated in spleen cells from mice of various ages. The concentrations of the four groups of PFC changed independently with age. The LPS dose dependency of the PFC response was markedly different between PFC on Days 1 and 2, but not different between anti-BrMRBC PFC and IgM-PFC or between 2- and 10-week-old mice. In a second experiment, spleen cells from 2- and 10-week-old mice were separated into subpopulations with or without Fc receptors, C3 receptors, or Ia antigens, and the LPS-induced PFC responses were quantitatively assessed in each subpopulation. Both the receptor-bearing and -lacking populations included LPS-reactive B cells, and the percentages of the LPS-reactive B cells recovered in the receptor-bearing population increased with age. However, the percentages of anti-BrMRBC PFC recovered in each receptor-bearing or -lacking population were different from those of IgM-PFC. In Ia- populations, the percentages of IgM-PFC on Day 2 were obviously higher than those on Day 1, and both of the percentages increased with age. These results suggest that the four groups of LPS-reactive B cells can be discriminated from each other by their LPS dose dependency and their cell surface markers, and that they develop differently during ontogeny.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Use of in vivo infected spleen cells to study Fv-2r-mediated resistance of mice to Friend spleen focus-forming virus.

In vivo infection of DBA/2 and D2.Fv-2r mice with 10(5) FFU of FV resulted in a rapid adsorption of virus onto the spleen cells. Thus, these cells could be used in the analysis of Fv-2 expression on FV target cells without any difficulty in avoiding extracellular FV particles. Higher frequencies of cells capable of forming IC could be detected in the spleen than in the bone marrow at 2 and 48 h post infection and levels were very low in D2.Fv-2r mice. When recently infected cells were transferred to secondary Fv-2s recipients shortly after infection had been established, the virus-replicating cells released SFFV equally well regardless of whether they originated from Fv-2s or Fv-2r mice. This suggests that suppression of SFFV replication may not take place in Fv-2r cells at an early stage of infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Induction of endogenous and of spleen focus-forming viruses during dimethylsulfoxide-induced differentiation of mouse erythroleukemia cells transformed by spleen focus-forming virus.

Spleen focus-forming virus-transformed erythroleukemic cell clones, which have been established by infection of N type mice with NB trophic Friend virus, continue to release biologically active tfriend virus of NB host range. Dimethylsulfoxide induces erythroid differentiation and a 10- to 100-fold increase in the release of biologically active Friend virus. The increase of Friend virus release is a function of the differentiating erythroleukemic cell. The induced Friend viurs is not the NB tropic Friend virus complex, but shows N host range. The induction of the Friend virus complex is due to simultaneous induction of both spleen focus-forming and endogenous viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1962

Intracellular localization of enzymes in spleen. II. Some properties and the distribution of ribonuclease in rat spleen.

Some properties of rat spleen ribonuclease have been studied, and the intracellular distribution of the enzyme and ribonucleic acid have been presented. Spleen ribonuclease exhibits maximal activity at pH 5.8, and although there is some evidence for the presence of an enzyme with an optimum at pH 7.0, it is not conclusive. The enzyme is concentrated primarily in the mitochondrial fraction, but significant quantities occur in the supernatant fluid. The latter contains ribonuclease inhibitor similar to that found in liver. The effects of whole body x-irradiation, magnesium ion, substrate concentration, type of buffer, presence of p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid, deoxycholate, and Triton X-100 on ribonuclease activity are examined.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effector T lymphocytes in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-infected mice. Cytolytic activity of Lyt-23 spleen cells in vitro does not correlate with elimination of infectious virus from spleens.

The T lymphocytes from mice recovering from infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus were selected for subclasses by treatment with anti-Lyt antisera and complement. Lyt-23 cells and mixtures of lyt-1 and Lyt-23 cells caused up to one-half the destruction of cultivated target cells as compared with untreated T lymphocytes; Lyt-1 cells alone were not cytotoxic. Selected and unselected spleen T cells were also inoculated intravenously into previously infected mice. Whereas unselected cells reduced infectious virus in the spleens of the recipients approximately 100-fold, only marginal effects, which were not preferentially associated with one particular subclass, were seen with selected LYT-23 or Lyt-1 lymphocytes or a mixture of both. Apparently the Lyt-23 cells, shown to by cytolytic for infected cells in vitro, did not cause elimination of a measurable quantity of the virus from mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The radioisotope spleen scan in the assessment of patients with suspected spleen trauma.

The radioisotope spleen scan was reviewed in 29 patients with suspected trauma of the spleen who had been admitted for observation to a surgical ward. At the time of the study, all patients had stable pulse rates and blood pressures. The scans of six patients showed space defects and, of these, splenic injury was subsequently proven operatively in five patients. As a detector of splenic trauma, the radionuclide scan proved to be reliable. Although the findings of radioisotope scanning are not specific for trauma, the interpretation of the scan in conjunction with other observations increases the accuracy of diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A 3'-deoxyribonucleotidase isolated from rabbit spleen cytosol differs from the rat spleen nucleotidase.

A novel 3'-nucleotidase, which preferably hydrolyzed 3'-dTMP and 3'-dUMP, was isolated and purified from rabbit spleen cytosol. Since the main catalytic properties of the enzyme were similar to the rat liver nucleotidase reported by Fritzson and Smith, we also purified the latter enzyme from rat spleen. These two enzymes were different in several points: the substrate restriction, the molecular mass and the apparent charge. Further analyses with the antiserum raised in rat against the 3'-deoxyribonucleotidase evidenced that these enzymes were immunochemically different as well.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[The connective network of the spleen from a 18 cm long (crown-rump) human foetus. Plastic reconstruction and some reflections concerning the architecture of the human spleen (author's transl)].

In the human foetus, the splenic function is double: metabolic action and blood storage. The primitive structure of the spleen is more clearly demonstrated at that stage than in the newborn or the adult. 1. Our negative reconstruction by means of "Hominit" and "Negokoll" demonstrates the connective network of the spleen from a 18 cm long (crown-rump) human foetus with a linear magnification of 300. The complete model is 15 cm high. 2. Dimensions: :formula (see text):3. In man the connective network originates from the capsule and from the trabecular ramifications. 4. In the 18 cm long foetus, there is an intense budding of cylindrical radiating trabeculae from the internal face of the capsule. 5. At the same stage, the undercapsular network is still incomplete. It firstly appears between the radiating trabeculae and the periphery of the venous trabeculae. 6. We divide the splenic parenchyma into two zones: an outer layer (undercapsular) and an inner layer which shows itself an internal and an external zone. 7. The internal zone contains the 1st to 3rd order ramifications of the trabecular tree (vascular trabeculae with venous and arterial components). The external zone corresponds to the 4th, 5th and 6th order ramifications (venous trabeculae). 8. The splenic lobules are delimited from the connective network. Their dimensions are as follows: :formula (see text):.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary hemangiosarcoma of the spleen associated with leukocytosis and abnormal spleen scan.

A 60-year-old Filipino man, who presented with left sided abdominal pain and weight loss, was found to have splenomegaly, an abnormal spleen scan and a leukemoid reaction. Primary splenic hemangiosarcoma was found at splenectomy. Metastases first occurred in the cervical lymph nodes two years after diagnosis. Despite treatment with doxorubicin and radiation therapy there was recurrence in lymph nodes and scan evidence of liver and bone metastases. The patient died 38 months after diagnosis. A liver-spleen scan is helpful in establishing an early diagnosis, and splenectomy before rupture occurs is advisable. The role of chemotherapy needs to be defined.

Bone Neoplasms↗