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PubMed1990

[Personal experience with sialography].

The author emphasizes the importance of sialography in the diagnosis of diseases of the salivary glands. By using an intravenous polyethylene cannula it is possible to combine functional examination of the salivary glands (sialometry and sialochemistry) with X-ray examination after filling the glands with contrast substance. In a group of 34 patients sialography contributed to a correct diagnosis in 26 patients, i.e. 76.5%. False positive results were recorded in 1 case (2.9%), false negative results in three (8.8%). From a total of eight tumours of the salivary glands the examination in two cases (25%) did not lead to a correct diagnosis. In 16 instances (47%) the conclusion of the sialographic examination was compared with results of the histological and cytological examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[The value of sialography in the differential diagnosis of parotid masses].

Sialographic manifestations of 82 patients with parotid masses were studied to determine the value of sialography in the differential diagnosis. Multiple filling defects indicate metastatic tumor, tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. The occurrence of calcification suggests tuberculosis or sarcoidosis. The parotid cyst may show the sialographic appearance similar to that of adenolymphoma. The appearance of adenitis of parotid lymph nodes may be similar to that of malignant tumor when the inflammation extends into the parenchyma. Sometimes the appearance of eosinophilic lymphatic granuloma may be similar to that of malignant tumor, but the former is more extensive. The displacement of entire gland suggests extrinsic lesion. Although the displacement of branch ducts may occur in the hypertrophy of parotid, there is no defect in acinar filling. At times it is not easy to differentiate the parotid masses by sialography alone Case histories, results of laboratory and other examines, such as gray scale ultrasound, should be combined to improve the diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Hydrostatic sialography].

In the present paper we report our clinical experience with hydrostatic sialography, a modification of the conventional technique, which consist in introducing the contrast liquid into the salivary glands by means of gravity pressure. Additionally, a comparative study was done between both techniques. Our results are in accordance with those previously reported in the current literature i.e. the hydrostatic sialography is superior to the current technique, since does not allow the overinjection of the contrast liquid in the salivary gland and also is better tolerated by the patient. However, new experiences with the technique are needed, largely in patients with different diseases of the salivary glands in order to establish the usefulness of the latter in daily practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Parotid sialography and minor salivary gland biopsy in the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome. A comparative study of 84 patients.

Parotid sialography and labial salivary gland biopsy were performed in 84 patients with clinical features of primary or secondary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Signs of focal sialoadenitis were found in 73/84 patients (87%), but only 37 (44%) scored 4 which is considered diagnostic for classic SS. In contrast 55/84 patients (66%) showed some sialographic abnormalities. In patients with both primary and secondary SS, hypergammaglobulinemia and anti-SSA antibodies appeared to be the serological variables more closely related to the entity of either sialographic or histologic abnormalities. In primary SS extraglandular manifestations and recurrent parotid swelling were significantly associated with parotid sialography and labial salivary gland biopsy changes, respectively. Our study indicates that currently both radiological and histological examination are necessary for the assessment of salivary gland involvement in SS.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1986

[Ultrasound diagnosis as a complement to sialography].

Over a period of one year, 82 patients with chronic inflammations, concrements, abscesses, cysts, Warthin's tumours, pleomorphic adenomas, lymphonodules and neoplasms of the salivary glands were examined by ultrasound and sialography. Morphological features are described, and the validity of diagnosis by ultrasound and sialography is discussed.

Abscess↗
PubMed1981

Value of sialography and scintigraphy in diagnosis of salivary gland disorders.

The purpose of this study was to examine the diagnostic value of sialographic and scintigraphic tests conducted to determine changes in salivary gland function and structure in patients with salivary gland disorders. A simple sialographic technique using a catheter fitted over a lacrimal probe was performed. For optimal pantomographic study of the salivary glands, a slightly oblique view with the head turned to the side was demonstrated to be of value. Examination of the salivary glands by sialography reveals the detailed morphology of the duct system. Sialograms were evaluated for filling and secretory phases and major ducts were also studied morphologically. Clearing radiographs indicated that glands with impaired function have prolonged clearing times. The contrast sialogram is most useful in evaluating recurrent inflammatory disorders, and the radiosialogram finds its greatest value in evaluating patients with suspected neoplasms. These examinations should not be used in lieu of a histologic diagnosis in tumor cases, except when a smooth margined radiopositive lesion corresponding with a clinically evident Warthin's tumor is noted. Perhaps the most important feature of salivary scintigraphy is its sensitivity in depicting changes in glandular dysfunction. In this study objective documentation provided by the scintigraphy closely parallels the results of sialography.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Congenital fistula from ectopic accessory parotid gland: diagnosis with CT sialography and CT fistulography.

We report a case of congenital fistula from ectopic accessory parotid gland to the cheek demonstrated by CT sialography and CT fistulography. The right parotid gland was abnormally located lateral to masseter muscle. The fistula was arising from an ectopic accessory parotid gland with ectopic duct positioned anterior to masseter muscle. CT sialography and CT fistulography were very helpful in the diagnosis and surgical planning.

Cheek↗
PubMed1993

Digital subtraction sialography of the parotid glands in primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Digital subtraction sialography of the parotid glands was performed in 34 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and 78 patients suspected of having primary SS in whom the diagnosis could be excluded (NON-SS). The following sialographic features were found more frequently in the patients with primary SS than in the NON-SS patients: a sparse overall branching pattern of the ducts, progressive widening and irregularity of the duct walls, disappearance of a homogeneous parenchyma blush and the occurrence of peripheral acinar dilations. The most discriminating findings between the 2 patient groups were the presence of acinar dilations and the disappearance of the homogeneous parenchyma blush. The sensitivity and specificity of the presence of acinar dilatations were 79 and 95%, respectively. Both the sensitivity and specificity of the presence of an irregular or absent parenchyma blush were 91%. The concurrent finding of acinar dilatations and an irregular or absent parenchyma blush had a sensitivity of 77% and a specificity of 95%. We conclude that digital subtraction sialography is a useful adjunctive diagnostic procedure for primary SS.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Sialography of sheep parotid and mandibular salivary glands.

The anatomy of ovine salivary glands was studied on cadaver heads. The mandibular duct enters the oral cavity on the ventral surface of sublingual caruncles, which are located medial to the orifice of the ventral sublingual gland duct. The parotid gland duct enters the oral cavity on the cheek opposite the upper 2nd molar. Prior to applying sialography to live animals, the procedure was carried out on cadaver heads then the live animals were sedated, the mandibular and parotid ducts catheterized and contrast medium was injected into each gland. Lateral radiographs were made immediately after the injection. The normal sheep mandibular and parotid salivary glands have a multilobular appearance in cadaver heads, but in live animal only the ducts and their smaller branches could be identified. The mean diameter of mandibular and parotid duct were 1.4+/-0.3 mm and 3. 1+/-1.0 mm respectively. The monostomatic sublingular gland had a slender shape in the sialogram. In conclusion sialography of mandibular, parotid and sublingual salivary glands in sheep is practical and can be helpful in diagnosis of pathological conditions of these glands.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR sialography: initial experience using a T2-weighted fast SE sequence.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate an MR technique optimized for imaging of the parotid gland ductal system. METHOD: The pulse sequence was optimized in 10 volunteers to depict static or nearly static fluid in the parotid ductal system. A heavily T2-weighted fast SE sequence (TR 3,600 ms/TE 800 ms) with a slice thickness of 30-40 mm using an 8 cm surface coil allowed depiction of the fluid-filled parotid duct. Thirteen patients with benign as well as malignant parotid gland pathologies were examined: sialadenitis (n = 2), sialadenosis (n = 3), Heerfordt syndrome (n = 1), pleomorphic adenoma (n = 2), parotid carcinoma (n = 1), lymphoepithelial carcinoma (n = 1), cystadenolymphoma (n = 2), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 1). RESULTS: The heavily T2-weighted projection image yielded good quality sialographic images. The main duct and primary branching ducts were clearly depicted in all normal cases. The main duct was visualized in all patients. Intra- and extraglandular duct widening and ductal strictures were well depicted. Sialolithiasis with a calculus in the main duct was correctly demonstrated in one case. CONCLUSION: MR sialography is noninvasive and does not depend on duct cannulation or contrast agent injection. Initial experience with a thick slice projection technique indicates that MR sialography can be successfully applied to image the parotid gland ductal system.

Adenolymphoma↗
PubMed1995

[The evaluation of panoramic sialography applied in the diagnosis of parotid tumas]

Panoramic sialography is a new method applied in the diagnosis of parotid tumors.we have examined 33 cases of parotid tumors by this way and: 1.In sialograms of benign tumors,we discovered obvious filling-deficiency areas and moving position of ducts as well as margins of mass. 2. We also found interrupted branches of duct and transudation of contrast medium in sialograms of malignant tumor,in addition, the region of tumor could be depicted. 3.Thus,panoramic sialography has its distinctive advantages in nature of parotid tumors according to variations of ducts and globs with parotid gland.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Computerized tomography with simultaneous sialography in evaluating parotid tumors.

In an effort to improve on the amount of preoperative information obtainable, computerized tomography was combined with contrast sialography in the evaluation of parotid masses. Experience to date is limited to 17 patients, but this combination of techniques seems to demonstrate clearly the margins of the tumor, whether or not there is extraparotid extension, whether the mass is medial or lateral to the facial nerve, and whether or not the mass will hamper access to the main trunk of the facial nerve.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Sjogren syndrome: comparison of sialography and ultrasonography.

Ultrasonography and sialography of parotid glands were prospectively performed on 30 patients with Sjogren syndrome and follow-up ultrasonography was done on 12 patients. Ultrasonography revealed multiple hypoechoic areas (MHA) 2 mm to 5 mm in diameter within the glands in 43% of the patients with intermediate severity of the disease, either homogeneous or slightly nonhomogeneous parotid glands in patients with early stage of the disease, and marked nonhomogeneous glands in patients with advanced diseases. Follow-up ultrasonography showed MHA in one patient, reduction in nonhomogeneity in another three, and no interval changes in the remaining cases. Pathologic studies suggested that MHA represent enlarged parotid lobules replaced by lymphocytic infiltration. We suggest that MHA are characteristic of Sjogren syndrome and that ultrasonography is useful in following the course of the disease and response to treatment.

Female↗
PubMed1977

The use of image intensification in sialography.

The application of image intensification to sialography is presented. The advantages of better visualization of noncalcified or poorly calcified pathologic conditions, more accurate localization of strictures and soft-tissue tumors, and determination of gland function are discussed. These advantages over the conventional static sialographic technqiue would appear to outweigh the disadvantage of some increased exposure of patient and operator to radiation. In the authors' experience image intensification is the technique of choice in the majority of cases.

Head↗
PubMed1986

Experimental sialography: the effects of retrograde infusion of radiographic contrast media on salivary gland morphology and function. A review article.

An experimental model for sialography, involving retrograde infusion of contrast medium into the rat submandibular gland under continuous pressure monitoring, was developed. Morphologic alterations induced during infusion of water- and lipid-soluble radiographic contrast media and the distribution of the media were examined with light and electron microscopy. An uneven distribution of the media throughout the tissue and variations in the degree of the alterations in different parts of the gland were seen at all stages of filling. The changes primarily consisted of dilation of the luminal system, which successively became more pronounced as infusion continued. Infusion of the lipid-based medium consistently resulted in more severe alterations, including changes in the acini. Tracer studies showed that the water-soluble medium leaked out through the intercellular spaces and to the surrounding tissue, whereas the lipid-based medium appeared to be confined to the luminal space. Ductal filling with either medium resulted in a relatively fast recovery; after prolonged infusion, recovery was slower and additional alterations occurred. The acini showed confluence of secretory granules and vacuole formation. After infusion of the lipid-based compound, autophagic vacuoles and granulomatous alterations developed. Prolonged infusion with either medium resulted in atrophy of the parenchyma and connective tissue proliferation in some glands. An inflammatory infiltrate was present in all glands during the recovery period. Functional alterations, primarily consisting of a decrease in flow rate, were noted after prolonged infusion. The increase in intraluminal pressure induced during infusion was most likely the primary cause of the alterations. In addition, the presence of contrast medium contributed to the long-term effects of the procedure.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Technical report: wire guided sialography.

An improved technique for performing sialography in difficult cases is described. This is based on the passage of a cannula into the salivary duct ostium over a thin, flexible, blunt guide-wire.

Catheterization↗