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PubMed1990

[Lewdness with animals--an animal welfare problem].

1. The meaning of the terms bestiality and sadism is determined and each term is defined. 2. Officially known cases are analyzed as well as commented on with respect to the abused animal species, the different practices used, and the social background of the sodomites. 3. Since the 1st penal reform law of June 25, 1969 has come into force the section 175 b StGB (Penal Code) was canceled without substitution, and bestiality is no longer liable to prosecution. The Law of the Protection of Animals of August 18, 1986 does not explicitly mention bestiality. The application of the fixed penality code of the above mentioned Law of the Protection of Animals is discussed in the case of "merely" bestial or sadistic practices. 4. Finally the legal situation in most of the EEC member states as well as in some third-party countries is described and partially commented on.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed1989

Sexual attraction to corpses: a psychiatric review of necrophilia.

The authors review 122 cases (88 from the world literature and 34 unpublished cases) manifesting necrophilic acts or fantasies. They distinguish genuine necrophilia from pseudonecrophilia and classify true necrophilia into three types: necrophilic homicide, "regular" necrophilia, and necrophilic fantasy. Neither psychosis, mental retardation, nor sadism appears to be inherent in necrophilia. The most common motive for necrophilia is possession of an unresisting and unrejecting partner. Necrophiles often choose occupations that put them in contact with corpses. Some necrophiles who had occupational access to corpses committed homicide nevertheless. Psychodynamic themes, defense mechanisms, and treatment for this rare disorder are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Identifications, neoneeds and neosexualities.

With regard to perversions, the pertinent question is not which acts and which object-preferences are to be deemed deviant, but when is deviance to be regarded as a simple variation or version of adult sexuality and when is it to be judged symptomatic. This paper proposes that only relationships may aptly be termed perverse. The term neosexualities is chosen to emphasize the innovative and somewhat unreal character of deviant sexual acts and relationships. These are a response to incoherent communications and unconscious problems on the part of parents. The concept of addictive sexuality or neoneeds is also introduced in reference to the compulsivity that invariably accompanies perverse sexuality. Its dynamic and economic aspects are summarized as follows: those who have created a neoreality in terms of sexual acts and objects in the service of libidinal homeostasis, and neoneeds in the service of narcissistic homeostasis, have short-circuited the elaboration of phallic-oedipal castration anxiety and at the same time through disavowing the problems of separateness and of infantile sadism have also circumvented what Klein termed the elaboration of the depressive position. A clinical vignette is given to illustrate the above theoretical propositions.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Prognosis of the onset of latent pseudopsychopathic and pseudoneurotic schizophrenia in male adolescents (data of a long-term follow-up)].

The authors followed up (for 5-15 years) 256 male patients in whom disease first manifested in adolescence. They identified prognostic signs in the period of manifestations. Stable (over 4 years) remission correlated with an onset characterized by a depressive background, a syndrome of metaphysical intoxication and a correlation between the type of accentuation of the character as determined with help of the Pathocharacterological Diagnostic Questionnaire for adolescents and the clinically-determined premorbid type. Unfavourable prognostic signs included an early onset (at the age of 10-13 years), hereditary aggravation by endogenic psychoses through only the maternal line, untidiness, shamelessness, purposeful malice and sadism directed against the mother, and also characteristic delirious behaviour without formed delirium.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Psychodynamic aspects of depression (author's transl)].

1. Freud's study of Mourning and Melancholia provides the psychopathological model for depression. Basing himself upon the views of Abraham regarding the oral sadism which the depressed person wants to inflict upon the lost object. Freud added that the gilt associated with that oral sadistic aggression oppresses the depressed with the weight of his superego. 2. The childhood model for this depression caused by object loss is provided by Melanie Klein, who sees the bad object as a projection of aggressive fantasies, and by Donald Winnicott who regards the excited child as a "worried", although replete. 3. Hence the social importance of the clinical facts of the psychiatry of the very young child: anaclitic depression of separation (René Spitz) or depression by severance of the bonds (John Bowlby). 4. Finally, we must reassess the notion of depression with inferiority (Francis Pasche). It is organised as a disorder of idealisation and must be considered in connection with the feelings of nostalgia of the adolescents in our society.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Some considerations arising from the treatment of a patient with necrophilic fantasies in late adolescence and young adulthood.

Some psychoanalytic theories relating to necrophilia are reviewed, supplemented by other relevant theoretical abstracts. A psychoanalytic case of a young man with necrophilic fantasies is described, emphasizing separation anxiety, sadism and anal masturbation, all compellingly manifest in the transference and rooted in infantile trauma. The material is compared with that of other analysts working with similar pathology, then discussed in relation to perversions generally. Finally, it is argued that if the prognosis depends on whether core fantasies are amenable to analysis in the transference, then there may be therapeutic justification for keeping adolescence open by blocking the developmental move forward, on the grounds that these fantasies would quickly be rendered inaccessible under the normal repressive processes of young adulthood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Report on some recent findings in research on the etiology of aggression].

Instead of considering aggression as an autonomous instinct, it is preferable to speak of a potential of aggression which can be exploited by several biological functions. Contemporary ethology insists on the instrumental and polyadaptive nature of aggression. It is the aim of the first section of this paper to reveal the close links which exist between aggression, social organization and adaptation to the environment. The second part reviews some results of recent studies on aggression in primates. It is possible to gain certain hypotheses on human aggression from ethological research work. Territoriality for instance may be interpreted as product of the interaction between the human biogram and the environment rather than as a distinctive and omni-present feature of human nature. Even extreme forms of human aggression (cruelty, sadism, slavery) do not necessarily imply an increased potential for aggressive in our species.

Aggression↗
PubMed1994

Clinical vampirism: blending myth and reality.

Vampires arouse strong popular interest and attract large print and film audiences. Their influence is also notable in clinical vampirism, a rare condition described in the forensic literature covering some of humanity's most shocking behaviors. Definitions of vampirism involve aspects of necrophilia, sadism, cannibalism, and a fascination with blood. Its relationships with established diagnostic categories, particularly schizophrenia and psychopathy, are also examined and illustrated by the presentation of a "modern" vampire. As myth and reality are disentangled, clinical vampirism reveals the complex mother-child dyad's blood ties running amok.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Co-morbidity of alcoholism and the paraphilias.

Alcoholism has been related to a wide variety of crimes. Various authors have studied the prevalence of alcoholism in relationship to incest, rape and pedophilia. This study evaluates the co-morbidity of alcoholism and the specific paraphilias including sexual sadism, fetishism, incest, pedophilia, exhibitionism and transvestism. Rapists were included although by definition it is not strictly a paraphilic disorder. Seven hundred and twenty eight paraphilic individuals were evaluated. More than 50% of sexual sadists were alcoholics. Alcoholism in association with sexual sadists was statistically significant as compared to transvestites, rapists, pedophiles, and incest offenders. Transvestism had the lowest relative rate of alcoholism. The authors discuss these findings and the role alcoholism plays in causing violent sexual behavior in individuals with paraphilias.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Psychopathological study on Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome].

Ten cases of Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome (GTS) are reported. Average age of onset of the syndrome was 6.3 years old. Many of them were eldest children. 40% of them were caused by hereditary factor, and 40% of them had some abnormalities at their birth, for verbal tics including coprolalia. The GTS were classified into two types, Type I and Type II, from psychopathological point of view. Type I is "sadistic self-conversion type" and Type II is "masochistic personality type." Type I have an experience of attacks from others first, and, then, the desire of sadism aroused by the others converts to themselves after the others are abandoned from their mind, but it remains the stage of self-injurious. Principal mechanisms of Type I are "turning round the desire upon oneself" and "identification of oneself to the aggression." Type II have basically masochistic personality. They desire to be loved by others, but frustration that they feel they are not loved by others arouse the tic symptoms that violate the prohibition. With the tic symptoms, they can gain "punishment" and "pleasure" at the same time. Their symptoms of tics have the meaning of "masochistic provocation." They have the mechanism of "avoidance of anxiety by demanding to be loved by others." Both types have a common psychopathology, that is, they can not grasp objects (self or others) as a whole. It is suggested that patients with the GTS stopped their growth at pre-sexual stage. There exists a phase of self-injurious tics and that of other-injurious (provocately) tics during the progress of the symptoms of complex motor tics and verbal tics (coprolalia). The phase when both tics turn over each other was also observed. Echo-phenomena were seen only for patients of Type I. It is suggested that the degree of organic dysfunction of the brain and spectrum of masochism are almost coincident.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The origins of disquieting discoveries by Melanie Klein: the possible significance of the case of 'Erna'.

Using the example of the analysis of 6-year-old Erna, which extended over more than two years and was the longest treatment conducted by Melanie Klein in her Berlin years, the authors demonstrate the importance of her early child analyses for the development of some of her concepts and hence for a decisive advance in psychoanalysis itself. For this purpose they adduce unpublished original documents found among Klein's papers in London, which include autobiographical material, the text of her Würzburg lecture on her obsessional-neurotic little patient, handwritten session notes, and drawings by Erna herself. Although in the author's view Klein attempted to accommodate her findings within Freud's theoretical framework, her clinical experience of the psychic reality of the relational world of early oedipality eventually called for the introduction of new concepts. The combined parent figure, primary sadism, the paranoid-schizoid position, splitting, the relevance of the death drive to the superego, and later formulations on reparation, envy and gratitude are all shown to be foreshadowed in Klein's account of the treatment of Erna. After some retrospective considerations of Erna's analysis and a fleeting glimpse of Erna as an adult, the authors conclude by emphasising the significance of Klein's emigration to England for the subsequent flowering of her work.

Art Therapy↗
PubMed1998

Autism as the defusion of drives.

The author's metapsychological view of the dismantling and adhesive identification typical of infantile autism is that these phenomena result from the fate of the death drive and the libido in a situation of thoroughgoing defusion of the drives. He notes that Freud's original idea of the defused death drive was taken up by Ferenczi and then by Klein, who applied it to the situation at the very beginning of life. A clinical illustration is given and the author observes that this view has therapeutic consequences that are also relevant to the work of an institution and to the therapists' countertransference, in terms of the value of sadism and masochism in helping to fuse the drives. Fusion of the drives is presented as an important element of Bion's alpha or container function. This conception also tends to modify the therapist's attitude to the parents of autistic children. In the author's view, the fate of the libidinal component in autism has tended to be disregarded, but accounts for the phenomena of adhesiveness and auto-sensuality; the latter should in his opinion rather be called dismantled erotism, to emphasise the absence of the unifying function of forms of auto-erotism in integration of the self. The author stresses the lack of projection in autistic pathology and discusses its possible reasons.

Attitude to Death↗