Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Role Playing”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Teaching medical students by role playing: a model for integrating psychosocial issues with disease management.

BACKGROUND: Medical students on third-year rotations seem to be focused more on the particulars of disease management than on patient management. They often pay too little attention to the psychological and social needs of the patient and to the importance of working in a multidisciplinary team. The authors postulated that a model for teaching breast cancer management that included role playing, self-study, and active student involvement would facilitate the integration of psychosocial and affective issues into scientific content and would demonstrate the importance of the team approach in managing patients with breast cancer. METHODS: One month following a problem-oriented, case-based, interactive session focusing on clinical management of breast disease, each student was assigned the role of either "patient" or one of four "specialists"-1) a general surgeon, 2) a medical oncologist, 3) a radiation oncologist, or 4) a plastic surgeon. A packet of readings containing discipline-specific information was distributed to each "specialist" and a similar preparation packet was distributed to each "patient." One week later students from each specialty met in "multidisciplinary groups" and five "patients" with written scenarios of recently diagnosed primary breast cancer rotated among them. Important decision-making choices were discussed in each consultation. Following their consultations in the "multidisciplinary" groups, the "patients" met with the entire group of 20-25 students and with physician faculty to discuss differences in the information obtained. They compared "specialists'" styles of presentation and attitudes. Specific issues involving coordination of care among "specialists" were carefully highlighted. RESULTS: All students participated and the teaching sessions were well received. CONCLUSIONS: Role playing facilitates the discussion of psychosocial issues and aptly demonstrates to students the need for a multidisciplinary approach to breast cancer treatment. This model is applicable to other types of cancer and to other groups of cancer educators.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Who plays the client? Collaborating with theater departments to enhance clinical psychology role-play training exercises.

This article offers a description of a student-active method of teaching clinical psychology applications, such as interviewing and psychotherapy, that involves collaboration between psychology and theater departments. Clinical psychology instructors recruit theater students to play the client roles in live dyads with the instructors or other students. These dyads may take place during or outside of class and may be videotaped for use in other educational settings. Practical and logistical issues are discussed, and empirical data are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.

Art↗
PubMed2002

A step-wise role playing approach for teaching patient counseling skills to medical students.

We describe a step-wise role playing approach to bedside teaching during the clinical training of medical students. The objective of this approach is to teach them the skills which are required to practice patient-centered medicine. "Patient-centered medicine" refers to a style of practice which relates to patients' needs rather than to the doctor's own plan, and which moves from professional control to patient empowerment. Our approach is based on: (a) interviews with real patients, and (b) re-play of doctor--patient encounters in small group teaching sessions using the instructor (a physician) as a simulated patient, while a student assumes the role of the physician. The objective of the simulation is to assess the student's ability to provide health-related information, involve patients in making clinical decisions and plan their management in a manner which suits their preferences and lifestyle. The medical background of the instructor who simulates the patient eliminates barriers in communication and allows these objectives to be easily accomplished. The discussion which follows, attempts to: (a) identify discrepancies between the optimal counseling which was offered to the simulated patient and that offered to the real patient; and (b) show that although inevitable, these discrepancies are not irreducible. We have no formal evaluation of our approach in terms of whether it achieved its objective, produced changes in students' attitudes and bedside manners, or in terms of students' ratings of the teaching approach. However, student participation and occasional verbal feedback have indicated that the teaching intervention may be a valid contribution to the clinical training of medical students and that it may be of use for other clinical instructors.

Counseling↗
PubMed2005

Have we overlooked the importance of serine/threonine protein phosphatases in pancreatic beta-cells? Role played by protein phosphatase 2A in insulin secretion.

Genetic predisposition and environmental influences insidiously converge to cause glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Beta-cell compensates by secreting more insulin and when it fails, overt diabetes mellitus ensues. The need to understand the mechanisms involved in insulin secretion cannot be stressed enough. Phosphorylation of proteins plays an important role in regulating insulin secretion. In order to understand how a particular cellular process is regulated by protein phosphorylation the nature of the protein kinases and protein phosphatases involved and the mechanisms that determine when and where these enzymes are active should be investigated. While the actions of protein kinases have been intensely studied within the beta-cell, less emphasis has been placed on protein phosphatases even though they play an important regulatory role. This review focuses on the importance of protein phosphatase 2A in insulin secretion. Most of the present knowledge on protein phosphatase 2A originates from protein phosphatase inhibitor studies on islets and beta-cell lines. The ability of protein phosphatase 2A to change its activity in the presence of glucose and inhibitors provides clues to its role in regulating insulin secretion. An aggressive approach to elucidate the substrates and mechanisms of action of protein phosphatases is crucial to the understanding of phosphorylation events within the beta-cell. Characterizing protein phosphatase 2A within the beta-cell will certainly help us in understanding the mechanisms involved in insulin secretion and provide valuable information for drug development.

Calcineurin↗
PubMed2005

Analysis of self-association of West Nile virus capsid protein and the crucial role played by Trp 69 in homodimerization.

The understanding of capsid (C) protein interactions with itself would provide important data on how the core is organized in flaviviruses during assembly. In this study, West Nile (WN) virus C protein was shown to form homodimers using yeast two-hybrid analysis in conjunction with mammalian two-hybrid and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation assays. To delineate the region on the C protein which mediates C-C dimerization, truncation studies were carried out. The results obtained clearly showed that the internal hydrophobic segment flanked by helix I and helix III of WN virus C protein is essential for the self-association of C protein. The crucial role played by Trp 69 in stabilizing the self-association of C protein was also demonstrated by mutating Trp to Gly/Arg/Phe. Substitution of the Trp residue with Gly/Arg abolished the dimerization, whereas substitution with Phe decreased the self-association significantly. The results of this study pinpoint a critical residue in the C protein that potentially plays a role in stabilizing the homotypic interaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Role play for the clinical tutor: towards problem-based learning.

A method of helping students learn paediatrics was developed utilizing role play as a stimulus to problem-based learning to arrive at a diagnosis. The tutor briefly stated a common paediatric problem and then took on the role of the patient and/or child, allowing himself to be interviewed by students working co-operatively in a group. This process was interrupted by the students to discuss their progress and to determine what further information was required. A suitable patient was available to be examined if requested by the students. Although there was an initial tendency on the part of students to regard the exercise as 'unreal', they delighted in refining their communication skills and trying out their skills in problem solving. The tutor had to adopt a non-traditional role, as he was not directing the students or interrupting, so as to 'teach' the students more efficient information-gathering techniques or to correct any error made. The students were able to define and complete set tasks which they derived out of the session. The introduction of this technique encourages independent learning and the acquisition of problem-solving skills, and the students enthusiastically accepted this novel way of learning. The ready availability and versatility of the tutor allowed him to be used as the principal resource, and did away with the need for (and the additional expense of) specially constructed problem-based learning units, often unavailable in most departments. The method is described in detail so that other clinical tutors may feel encouraged to adopt a similar strategy.

Australia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A role-playing simulation approach toward studying nurses' decisions to listen to patients.

To test a methodology that used role-playing responses by nurses to simulated patient disclosures, a three-part investigation was carried out at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Four simulated patients-with diagnoses of diabetes mellitus, alcoholism with bleeding ulcer, ulcerative colitis, and cancer of the large intestine-tape recorded 20- to 30-second segments on 12 topics pertaining to their illness. Six topics dealt with the patients' physical problems; six with psychological aspects of the problems. In the tests for nurses' willingness both to listen and to pass along information to the next nurse, the 48 tape-recorded segments of patient information were played for 16 volunteer nurses in a laboratory set up for the purpose. Although the nurses had an option of listening or preparing a medication, they were expected to listen to at least 16 of the 48 segments. Following this, they were asked to tape record a report on the patient for the nurse who would follow them. The nurses, on average, listened to 29 of the 48 segments. The diabetic patient was listened to least; the cancer and the colitis patients each received a similar amounts of attention. The nurses gave substantial amounts of information as well as interpretive data about the patients so that the methodology seemed to prove that nurses could become sufficiently involved in a simulated patient setting.

Communication↗
PubMed2001

Observation of a coherent backscattering effect with a dipolar source for elastic waves: highlight of the role played by the source.

We report an experimental evidence of the role played by the source on the coherent backscattering effect (CBE) for elastic waves. The experiment is carried out in a chaotic cavity consisting of a silicon plate whose shape is a quarter stadium. With a monopolar source, it has already been shown that the time-integrated squared amplitude at the point source is twice as large as at the other points around the source. Here, by using a dipolar source, we show that we instead obtain two peaks with the same axis as the dipole one's. The shape of this "bicone" is well explained with a modal theory assuming that the source may be modeled by two sources with opposite phases. Then, the theory is generalized to any multipolar emitter and/or receiver. Particularly, we study CBE when emitter and receiver are reciprocal.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Psychodrama: group psychotherapy through role playing.

The theory and the therapeutic procedure of classical psychodrama are described along with brief illustrations. Classical psychodrama and sociodrama stemmed from role theory, enactments, "tele," the reciprocity of choices, and the theory of spontaneity-robopathy and creativity. The discussion focuses on key concepts such as the therapeutic team, the structure of the session, transference and reality, countertransference, the here-and-now and the encounter, the group-as-a-whole, resistance and difficult clients, and affect and cognition. Also described are the neoclassical approaches of psychodrama, action methods, and clinical role playing, and the significance of the concept of behavioral simulation in group psychotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Analysis of role-play in medical communication training using a theatrical device the fourth wall.

BACKGROUND: Communication training is a central part of medical education. The aim of this article is to explore the positions and didactic functions of the fourth wall in medical communication training, using a role-play model basically similar to a theatrical performance. METHOD: The empirical data stem from a communication training model demonstrated at an international workshop for medical teachers and course organizers. The model involves an actress playing a patient, students alternating in the role of the doctor, and a teacher who moderates. The workshop was videotaped and analyzed qualitatively. RESULTS: The analysis of the empirical material revealed three main locations of the fourth wall as it moved and changed qualities during the learning session: 1) A traditional theatre location, where the wall was transparent for the audience, but opaque for the participants in the fiction. 2) A "timeout/reflection" location, where the wall was doubly opaque, for the patient on the one side and the moderator, the doctor and the audience on the other side and 3) an "interviewing the character" location where the wall enclosed everybody in the room. All three locations may contribute to the learning process. CONCLUSION: The theatrical concept 'the fourth wall' may present an additional tool for new understanding of fiction based communication training. Increased understanding of such an activity may help medical teachers/course organizers in planning and evaluating communication training courses.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The relief of a caregiver's burden through guided imagery, role-playing, humor, and paradoxical intervention.

Caregiving by relatives to a person with mental illness is demanding and overwhelming. This paper describes how to use guided imagery, role-playing, humor, and paradoxical intervention to help the wife of a man with mental illness in easing her worry, anxiety, and frustration engendered by caregiving. The intervention made the wife feel normal and relaxed in facing the "symptoms" of her husband's mental illness. It also revived the wife's patience, hope, and strength in the process of rehabilitation.

Caregivers↗
PubMed2004

Psychometric evaluation of the parent situation inventory: a role-play measure of coping in parents of substance-using adolescents.

This article reports on the generalizability, reliability, and construct validity of the Parent Situation Inventory (PSI), a role-play measure of coping skills in parents experiencing problems from an adolescent's drug and alcohol use. Generalizability was robust (.80) and alternate form and test-retest reliability were satisfactory. PSI skillfulness was negatively related to the parent's own substance use and to the adolescent's alcohol use. The PSI shows promise as a reliable and potentially valid measure of coping in this population and has direct implications for developing and evaluating skill-based parent training programs.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

The interpretation of posture through an alternative methodology to role play.

The purpose of this experiment was to develop a methodology to investigate the postural expression of different emotions and attitudes using a technique which avoided the artificiality implicit in the use of a role play design. Subjects were asked to categorize tape-recorded extracts as either funny, sad, interesting or boring and to rate them in order of intensity. The posture displayed when listening to the recordings were then analysed according to these ratings, the whole interview being recorded on videotape without the subject's knowledge. Results showed distinctive postures for all four categories, such as dropping the head for sadness and leaning the head on one hand for boredom, thus providing empirical support for the utility of this methodology as a way of obtaining observations of non-verbal cues under controlled conditions without inducing any artificial self-consciousness in the subjects.

Cues↗
PubMed1977

The role played by the extraneuronal system in the disposition of noradrenaline and adrenaline in vessels.

The role played by extraneuronal sites in the disposition of noradrenaline and adrenaline was studied in the saphenous vein and in the mesenteric artery of the dog, taking as parameters the influence of blockade of these sites on the sensitivity to and on the time for half-relaxation (t50) (both in oil and in Krebs solution) of these agonists. Preliminary experiments have shown that the t50 values are not significantly changed by the changes in the height of the contraction provided the contraction is caused by the same concentration of the agonist. The results obtained permit us to conclude that in both vessels the removal of amines depends on the concentrations used. In low (0.023 and 0.23 muM) or in moderately high (2.3 muM) concentrations, adrenaline is removed preferentially by extraneuronal sites, whereas noradrenaline "preferred" neuronal sites. The selectivity of adrenaline for extraneuronal sites was present for such low concentrations that a possible physiological role of these sites in the inactivation of circulating adrenaline must be considered. The results obtained by studying the relaxation in oil in Krebs solution and by using cortexone (60 muM) or U-0521 (dihydroxy-2-methyl propiophenone; 0.1 mM) support the view that, at least in the vein, adrenaline may accumulate in extraneuronal cells and diffuse back into the biophase during the relaxation, thereby slowing the latter. Both in the veins and in the arteries noradrenaline was inactivated more rapidly than adrenaline. The difference in the rate of inactivation of these amines, already observed in controls (when all inactivation pathways are operative) became more marked when both neuronal and extraneuronal sites were blocked. The existence of an important pathway not blocked by cocaine + cortexone + iproniazid which may preferentially inactivate noradrenaline cannot be ruled out.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

13C NMR spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic study of the role played by mitochondrial cytochrome b5 heme propionates in the electrostatic binding to cytochrome c.

The role played by the outer mitochondrial membrane (OM) cytochrome b5 heme propionate groups in the electrostatic binding between OM cytochrome b5 and horse heart cytochrome c was investigated by 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. To achieve these aims, 13C-labeled heme OM cytochrome b5 was expressed in Escherichia coli as previously described [Rivera M., Walker, F.A. (1995) Anal. Biochem. 230, 295-302]. Assignment of the resonances arising from the heme propionate carbons in ferricytochrome b5 was carried out by a combination of one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments. Titrations of [13C]heme-labeled OM cytochrome b5 with horse heart cytochrome c were carried out in order to monitor the resonances arising from the heme propionate carbonyl carbons in OM cytochrome b5. The results from these titrations clearly show that only the heme propionate located on the exposed heme edge in OM cytochrome b5 participates in the electrostatic stabilization of the complex between OM cytochrome b5 and horse heart cytochrome c. Similar experiments carried out monitoring 13C resonances arising from several other heme substituents demonstrated that the stoichiometry of the complex is 1:1. A conditional binding constant, K which equals 3.8 x 10(4) +/- 1.4 x 10(4) at mu = 0.02 M, was obtained for the formation of the complex by fitting the binding curves obtained experimentally to a model based on this stoichiometry. The X-ray crystal structure of rat liver OM cytochrome b5 solved to 2.7 A resolution shows that the structures of bovine liver microsomal cytochrome b5 and rat liver OM cytochrome b5 are almost identical when compared at medium resolution. The similarity between the two structures, combined with the findings that only the heme propionate located on the exposed heme edge of OM cytochrome b5 participates in the electrostatic binding to cytochrome c and that the stability of this complex is similar to that measured for the association between microsomal cytochrome b5 and cytochrome c, clearly indicates that the site of interaction on OM cytochrome b5 is almost identical to the one elucidated for microsomal cytochrome b5. It is therefore possible to conclude that the large body of information gathered by many investigators for the nonphysiological interaction between microsomal cytochrome b5 and cytochrome c (recently reviewed) [Mauk, A. G. Mauk, M. R., Moore, G. R., & Northrup, S. H. (1995) Bioenerg. Biomembr. 27, 311-330] has indeed biological as well as pedagogical validity.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Improving student understanding and management of patients through role-playing and video taping.

A teaching program that uses video tape and simulated patients assists the student in developing skills necessary for good professional relationships with patients and augments the student's ability in patient inverviewing and effective interview behavior. Role-playing by selected drama students and community theatre actors involves common problems encountered in the optometrist's office and management of problem patients (angry, aggressive, shy, withdrawn, talkative, flirt, hypocondriac, etc.).

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Use of an empathy algorithm with a role-played client.

Presented an empathy algorithm, a procedure for deciding whether to use an interchangeable or an additive empathy response and instructions for the construction of each response, to a randomly chosen group of novice counselors (N = 23). The experimental group performed significantly better in counseling a role-played client than did a control group of classmates when the groups were measured on the Empathic Understanding Scale and the Counseling Evaluation Inventory.

Counseling↗