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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Surveillance and risk management during the latter stages of eradication: experiences from Australia.

The paper reviews the eradication of bovine tuberculosis from Australia with special reference to surveillance and managing the risk of animals exposed to tuberculosis infected animals during the latter stages of eradication. The successful eradication was based on a sound technical program with strong industry and government support. The model of joint industry and government funding and decision-making first used during the brucellosis and tuberculosis eradication campaign (BTEC) has been successfully incorporated within subsequent livestock disease control programs in Australia. An overview of the history of tuberculosis eradication in Australia provides a background to the surveillance approach. Australia was fortunate that there were no wildlife reservoir hosts. Feral animal reservoir hosts were removed during the eradication program. Surveillance to detect rare diseases is recognised to be statistically challenging with high resource requirements. Australian veterinary authorities have a high level of confidence that the combination of increasing sensitivity of abattoir surveillance systems by the submission of all granulomas detected at slaughter with increasing risk management of animals exposed to tuberculosis infected animals during the final stages of eradication provides a high level of assurance that Mycobacterium bovis has been eradicated.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Initiating and managing risk assessments within a risk analysis framework: FDA/CFSAN'S practical approach.

Management of risk analysis involves the integration and coordination of activities associated with risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication. Risk analysis is used to guide regulatory decision making, including trade decisions at national and international levels. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) formed a working group to evaluate and improve the quality and consistency of major risk assessments conducted by the Center. Drawing on risk analysis experiences, CFSAN developed a practical framework for initiating and managing risk assessments, including addressing issues related to (i) commissioning a risk assessment, (ii) interactions between risk managers and risk assessors, and (iii) peer review.

Consumer Product Safety↗
PubMed1994

Principles of risk management.

The steps of risk management are outlined, together with a range of the most useful tools. Risk management involves hazard and risk identification, assessment (quantitative or nonquantitative or both), risk reduction and risk control. While the techniques were developed in military and industrial applications, they are entirely applicable to transfusion medicine, and are particularly appropriate in ensuring that the low probability of serious adverse effects remains low and is further reduced.

Decision Trees↗
PubMed2005

Principles of risk management in community nursing.

Risk is present in all aspects of practice. The changing nature of primary care means that community nurses will increasingly be expected to adopt roles that have traditionally been undertaken by other professionals and which may be associated with higher levels of risk. Although these developments offer opportunities to enhance patient care, nurses must also be aware of the implications for their own accountability. One way to embrace this accountability, and to meet the demands of clinical governance, is to engage in risk management. By adopting the principles of risk management nurses can act proactively to ensure they provide a high quality service that meets patient needs.

Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Information sources for medical equipment risk management.

An effective risk management program must include specific consideration of medical equipment, and must address hazard identification, incident prevention, and the coordination of efforts to minimize losses when incidents do occur. The hazard identification and prevention components require an organized effort to utilize external and internal information sources to determine both generic and device-specific hazards, recalls, alerts and related data. Equally important is the effective processing of this information so that it is integrated into the routine activity of the hospital. Attention to these information sources can contribute to the broad clinical engineering goal of helping to assure the safe and effective use of medical equipment throughout the hospital.

Equipment Safety↗
PubMed2004

[Risk and risk management in aviation].

RISK MANAGEMENT: The large proportion of human errors in aviation accidents suggested the solution--at first sight brilliant--to replace the fallible human being by an "infallible" digitally-operating computer. However, even after the introduction of the so-called HITEC-airplanes, the factor human error still accounts for 75% of all accidents. Thus, if the computer is ruled out as the ultimate safety system, how else can complex operations involving quick and difficult decisions be controlled? OPTIMIZED TEAM INTERACTION/PARALLEL CONNECTION OF THOUGHT MACHINES: Since a single person is always "highly error-prone", support and control have to be guaranteed by a second person. The independent work of mind results in a safety network that more efficiently cushions human errors. NON-PUNITIVE ERROR MANAGEMENT: To be able to tackle the actual problems, the open discussion of intervened errors must not be endangered by the threat of punishment. It has been shown in the past that progress is primarily achieved by investigating and following up mistakes, failures and catastrophes shortly after they happened. HUMAN FACTOR RESEARCH PROJECT: A comprehensive survey showed the following result: By far the most frequent safety-critical situation (37.8% of all events) consists of the following combination of risk factors: 1. A complication develops. 2. In this situation of increased stress a human error occurs. 3. The negative effects of the error cannot be corrected or eased because there are deficiencies in team interaction on the flight deck. This means, for example, that a negative social climate has the effect of a "turbocharger" when a human error occurs. It needs to be pointed out that a negative social climate is not identical with a dispute. In many cases the working climate is burdened without the responsible person even noticing it: A first negative impression, too much or too little respect, contempt, misunderstandings, not expressing unclear concern, etc. can considerably reduce the efficiency of a team.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1986

Societal considerations in implementing risk management decisions: towards improving the process.

The risk management process can be seen as a public health activity which requires the expenditure of both public and private resources. As such, an effective risk management system must actually produce gains in public health to justify its cost. Similarly, the system should not force risk managers into decisions which are counterproductive. This requires that risk management take into consideration a variety of societal and technical factors. Among these are the actual nature of the risk involved and the risk trade-offs inherent in a management decision; the benefits associated with the risk generating activity; the practicality of various control options; and the nature of the various parties interested in the control decision. The degree of flexibility with which risk managers have to consider the various factors above depends on the risk management style under which they are constrained to operate. This is usually determined by the governing statutes or policies of the relevant regulatory agencies. These risk management styles run the gamut from zero risk approaches to risk/risk and risk/benefit balancing. Assuming that the risk manager has sufficient flexibility to produce cost effective decisions, the risk management process must still be sufficiently defined, procedurally and technically, to be accessible to interested parties. It also needs to effectively distinguish between risks which can be calculated or postulated and those which can have a practical outcome.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1999

Control of infection in nursing homes: a risk-management approach.

The concept of risk addresses the probability that an untoward incident will occur. In the healthcare setting, professionals have a responsibility to identify risks over which they have some control and to take appropriate measures to minimise those risks. This process is referred to as risk management when actively undertaken. During our work with clinical and non-clinical staff in nursing homes, it became increasingly clear that old ritualistic habits remained and compromised effective infection control practice. To try to develop a more effective management of the risks associated with this environment, we worked with a number of homes to enable them to develop and implement a modified risk-management process in relation to infection control practice. The staff carried out a brief risk review, including assessment of: (a) Possible risk exposures; (b) Appropriate methods of control; (c) Selecting and implementing the best method of control; (d) Evaluating and monitoring improvements in risk reduction and patient outcomes. Tools were devised and utilised in three main areas: (1) Risks to the patient; (2) Risks to the staff; (3) Environmental risks and controls. These interventions are currently being evaluated. As there is little baseline data in this type of care environment, evaluation of the impact of these interventions will take some time to assess.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1996

Organizational risk management: a case study.

Risk management models can provide not only decreased liability, but also quality improvement. One agency in New Jersey created a risk management model that helped them achieve both of these goals.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1986

An analysis of the de minimis strategy for risk management.

A de minimis risk management strategy sets a threshold so that risks below the specified level are defined as trivial and exempted from further consideration. The intended purpose is to help avoid inappropriate and wasteful concern with insignificant low-level risks. In most instances a de minimis strategy is likely to have beneficial or innocuous effects, but under certain circumstances large differences may develop between nominal and actual de minimis levels. The potential for such discrepancies illustrates why de minimis (and all other risk management) strategies should be evaluated on the basis of the portfolio of risks that would accumulate from applying such strategies over time, rather than on the apparent reasonableness of any single instance of application.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed2002

Public sector risk management: a specific model.

Risk management programs for state mental health authorities are generally limited in scope and reactive in nature. Recent changes in how mental health care is provided render it necessary to redirect the risk management focus from its present institutional basis to a statewide, network-based paradigm that is integrated across public and private inpatient and community programs alike. These changes include treating an increasing number of individuals in less-secure settings and contracting for an increasing number of public mental health services with private providers. The model proposed here is closely linked to the Quality Management Process.

Continuity of Patient Care↗
PubMed1995

Managed care and the business of risk management.

The emergence of managed care creates the need for a new paradigm of risk management because of its emphasis on comprehensive services and prospective payment. Information systems, contracts and pricing, utilization management, and outcome research are key elements in devising the new paradigm.

Capitation Fee↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Risk management project: reactive or proactive approach?].

Risk management in healthcare refers to the process of developing strategies aimed at preventing and controlling the risk of occurrence of errors and harmful events. The final objective is primarily that of increasing patient safety and secondarily, that of reducing the financial burden of adverse events. The implementation of a risk management system is therefore of vital strategic importance. Nevertheless, a fundamental question that needs to be answered in the operational phase is: should a proactive or reactive approach to risk management be taken? In our view, proactive risk management has many advantages over a reactive approach and is therefore preferable. The reactive approach should be taken exclusively to obtain information regarding risk and errors, in the preliminary, as well as monitoring and follow-up phases of the project.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1982

A risk management program for dental schools.

Risk management is an organized activity designed to reduce the risk of legal claims and minimize the awards that arise as a result of professional and general negligence by the staff of an institution. As a result of the malpractice crisis, the accompanying unprecedented rise in insurance costs, and the transformation of dental school clinics to include the role of providing services to the community, Risk Management Programs are assuming an ever-increasing prominence. This article describes the development and organization of the Risk Management Program at one school.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗