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Results for “Retinal Vasculitis”

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PubMed1994

Bilateral progressive obliterative retinal vasculitis.

In this paper, 10 cases of a special type of retinal vasculitis are reported, which was characterized by progressive obliteration of vessels in both eyes, developed from the periphery to the posterior ploy, and was complicated by vitreous hemorrhage (5 eyes) and neovascular glaucoma (5 eyes) in later stage. The visual acuity was 0.05 in 10 eyes (50%). Argon laser photocoagulation seemed to be able to retard the natural course of the disease. Fundus changes, differential diagnosis and treatment etc are discussed in detail.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Uveitis and retinal vasculitis in acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat: an ultrastructural study.

The histopathological features of uveitis and retinal vasculitis in acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) were investigated using light and electron microscopy. Lewis rats were immunized by spinal cord homogenate, complete Freund's adjuvant and Bordetella pertussis. The eyes of rats with EAE exhibited vasculitis in the iris, trabeculitis and endothelial abnormalities in the retinal vessels; vasculitis was observed in the optic nerve and brain. Endothelial cells in the vessels in the iris, retina, optic nerve and central nervous system were noted to be elevated (high endothelial-like venules, or HELV). Inflammatory cells in the vascular lumen were attached to the surface of endothelial cells in abnormal areas in the iris. By comparison with the findings in the iris and retina, there were no significant changes in the vessels of the ciliary body and choroid. The ultrastructural features indicated that anterior uveitis in acute EAE resulted from vasculitis in the iris due to changes of the endothelial cells and was not due to a reaction against the myelinated nerves or any other particular components of the iris. In addition, our results suggested that vasculitis in the iris was consequent upon specialized changes of the endothelial cells similar to HELV which were responsible for the transcellular emigration of lymphocytes in other inflammatory diseases or in experimental models. HELV change plays an important role in the perivascular inflammatory process in the iris, retina, optic nerve and central nervous system in EAE and possibly in multiple sclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Herpes virus hominis encephalomyelitis and retinal vasculitis in adults.

The cases of two adults who developed viral encephalomyelitis are presented. The diagnosis of herpes virus hominis infection was made as a result of the rising titers of herpes virus on indirect fluorescence tests in the serum and the cerebrospinal fluid. Both patients developed retinal vasculitis with retinal edema and hemorrhages. The importance of follow-up examinations of the fundus is stressed to avoid rhegmatogenous retinal detachment caused by retinal tears.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Retinal vasculitis associated with autoantibodies to Sjögren's syndrome A antigen.

Severe retinal vasculitis caused by a systemic lupus-like illness developed in two patients with distinctive clinical and immunologic characteristics. Both patients were young women with mild systemic disease and autoantibodies directed against a protein-ribonucleic acid complex termed the Sjögren's syndrome A antigen (SSA). One patient had no antibodies to nuclear antigens on conventional testing, and the other had a low-titer antinuclear antibody test. At the time of onset of retinal arteriolitis, neither patient had an exacerbation of multisystem disease or serologic activity. Despite oral and parenteral corticosteroids, cytotoxic agents, and panretinal photocoagulation, both patients suffered progressive irreversible retinal ischemia, optic disk and retinal neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage traction retinal detachment, and anterior segment neovascularization.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Retinal vasculitis in systemic lupus erythematosus].

The authors report three patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (S.L.E.) who developed primary retinal vasculitis. All patients showed evidence of four American Rheumatism Association diagnostic criteria for S.L.E. The first case consisted of a woman with retinal central vein occlusion. Auto-immunization against retinal S antigen was present. She improved under heparin therapy. In the second case, a young girl had chronic optic disk vasculitis for seven years. In the third case, retinal arterial occlusive disease was present with optic nerve involvement. The differential diagnosis with multiple sclerosis is discussed. S.L.E. is considered as autoimmune disease where circulating immune complexes play a major role in the pathogenesis. The ocular complications are probably a manifestation of the widespread systemic disease in patients without arterial hypertension. The authors summarize the ocular findings in S.L.E.: venous obstruction, constriction of retinal arteries, capillary vasculitis and disc neuritis. In some cases, there may be the first manifestations of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Geographic choroiditis and retinal vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis.

A 37-year-old man developed geographic choroiditis and retinal vasculitis in the left eye while taking 3.5 mg/day oral prednisolone for rheumatoid arthritis. The choroidal lesions stopped growing when the dose of prednisolone was increased to 60 mg/day, while its tapering resulted in the recurrence and enlargement of the choroidal lesions to the macula. The patient experienced further recurrence twice in the following year. Indocyanine green angiography demonstrated the obstruction of choroidal arteries in addition to the complete obstruction of the choriocapillaris in a fresh lesion. This case was the first to have geographic choroiditis on the background of a systemic inflammatory disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Tuberculous retinal vasculitis.

A patient who was referred to the eye department for routine ocular assessment prior to commencement of antituberculous therapy was found to have periphlebitis in both eyes despite being visually asymptomatic. Fluorescein angiography confirms the presence of vasculitis without any retinal oedema or areas of non-perfusion, which may sometimes accompany the condition. Within 2 months of systemic treatment, the ocular signs regressed without any permanent effect on vision. This case highlights a rare ocular complication associated with systemic tuberculosis which fortunately did not result in loss of vision due to prompt treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intraocular lymphoma presenting as retinal vasculitis.

We describe two unusual young patients with intraocular lymphoma who presented clinically with "retinal vasculitis." Brain biopsy specimens in both showed an angiocentric pattern of lymphocytic infiltration. Immunohistochemical studies were positive for T-cell markers. Both the retinal and the brain blood vessels were thus a preferential site of appearance of the malignant T-cells. Both cases responded favorably to aggressive chemotherapy with long-term survival. In the world's literature, there are 57 cases of intraocular lymphoma in which cell surface-marker studies were performed; of these, 53% proved to be B-cell lymphomas and 21% to be T-cell lymphomas. As more cases of intraocular lymphoma are studied with cell-typing and as our histochemical techniques improve, a correlation between the systemic and ocular findings and the cell type may be revealed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Intravitreal steroids may facilitate treatment of Eales' disease (idiopathic retinal vasculitis): an interventional case series.

PURPOSE: Eales' disease is an idiopathic peripheral perivasculitis leading to proliferative vascular retinopathy, recurrent vitreous haemorrhages, and tractional retinal detachment. It is an elusive cause of blindness in young, otherwise healthy individuals. We studied the effects of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) in patients of Eales' disease, which may eventually reduce the side effects and cost of management, with results equivalent to or better than oral steroids. METHODS: Ethics approval and prior patient consent were obtained. Fluorescein fundus angiograms (FFAs) of 12 eyes of 12 Eales' disease patients were taken before enrolment. These patients received 0.1 ml of 40 mg/ml (4 mg) intravitreal triamcinolone through pars plana under topical anaesthesia. Regular weekly follow-ups were initiated to ascertain Snellen visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP) with Goldman tonometer, and triple mirror examination. Fluorescein fundus angiography was again performed in the 8th week to monitor response to treatment. Decrease in areas of late perivascular dye extravasation on fluorescein angiography was used as marker for improvement. RESULTS: Ten out of a total of 12 (83.33%) eyes treated with IVTA showed significant reduction of late leakage from retinal vessels on fluorescein fundus angiography. Two out of 12 eyes (16.67%) did not show considerable decrease in late perivascular fluorescein dye leakage after 8 weeks of intravitreal triamcinolone injection. Two patients (16.67%) had a significant rise in IOP after IVTA. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal steroids may be advocated for management of idiopathic retinal vasculitis without complications of systemic steroids, and minimize need for more invasive procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Urinary neopterin in idiopathic retinal vasculitis.

AIMS: To determine whether urinary neopterin:creatinine (UNC) ratios relate to disease activity in idiopathic retinal vasculitis (RV). METHODS: 18 patients with RV were prospectively recruited into a year long longitudinal study. Patients collected first morning urine samples on a weekly basis and on the same day completed a diary which documented their subjective view of RV activity and any concurrent infection. They were examined in clinic on a 6-8 weekly basis and an objective assessment was made of RV disease activity. 14 healthy controls collected urine samples in the same way. RESULTS: UNC ratios were significantly higher in patients than in controls (p=0.004, Mann-Whitney U test). UNC ratios were significantly higher when, according to their diaries, the patients had a subjective flare up of RV (p=0.001, Mann-Whitney U test). Subjective increased RV activity occurred more often when the patients had a concurrent infection (p<0.0001, chi(2) test). There was no significant difference in the UNC ratio between objective clinical relapse and non-relapse of RV. There was moderate agreement between the clinical assessment and patients' subjective impression of RV activity (kappa=0.48). CONCLUSIONS: Higher neopterin levels reflect cell mediated disease that occurs in RV, but UNC ratios are not recommended as a means of monitoring clinical disease activity in RV.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Retinal vasculitis in polyarteritis nodosa.

Although uncommon, a wide variety of ocular manifestations can be seen in polyarteritis nodosa. These occur as a result of the arteritis or secondary to the associated renal induced hypertension. A case of biopsy documented polyarteritis nodosa is reported in which the patient presented with bilateral iritis, vitritis, and a retinal vasculitis involving both the retinal arteries and veins, a feature not described previously. Patients with this potentially fatal disorder may initially present with ocular involvement; thus ophthalmologists should be familiar with the clinical features of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cyclosporine effects on optic nerve and retinal vasculitis in Behçet's disease.

In a prospective, open clinical trial, we studied long-term effects of cyclosporine (CsA) on the optic nerve and retinal vasculitis in 14 Behçet's disease patients. Patients were treated with CsA and corticosteroids for a mean period of 42 months, with a range of 36 to 52 months. They received an initial CsA dosage of 7 mg/kg/day for three days, followed by 5 mg/kg/day, and prednisone 1 mg/kg/day for three to five days, tapered to 0.4 mg/kg/day. CsA was tapered when clinical response was noted. Improvement occurred in visual acuity and visual field defects secondary to papillitis, optic neuritis, macular neuroretinitis, and retinal phlebitis, but not with retinal arteritis. Despite a 12/14 (85%) exacerbation rate, no permanent liver or renal lab tests abnormalities were noted. Intermittent, low-dose CsA therapy may be considered in treatment of acute retinal and optic nerve vasculitis assisted with Behçet's disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retinal vasculitis revealed by fluorescein angiography in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Fluorescein angiography was performed to examine retinal vascular abnormalities in five consecutive patients with inflammatory bowel disease seen during the 2 years from April 1995 to March 1997, in a university hospital. All patients showed dye leakage from retinal capillaries in the peripheral fundi of both eyes. Other ocular findings included iritis in both eyes of two patients and clinically significant macular edema in the unilateral eye of one patient. This study indicates that subclinical retinal vasculitis, revealed only by fluorescein angiography, is present in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Immunological abnormalities in patients with untreated retinal vasculitis.

Peripheral blood immunological features were assessed in 21 patients with clinical and angiographic evidence of retinal vasculitis (RV). Abnormalities of humoral and cellular immunity were frequent in this group of patients. Lymphopenia was the most common immunological abnormality, being present in 76% of patients at presentation (p less than 0.05). Peripheral blood T and B cells were decreased with a normal helper (OKT4) to suppressor (OKT8) T cell ratio in 11 patients tested (five with Behçet's syndrome and six with idiopathic RV). Significantly increased concentrations of serum immune complexes were present in 55% of patients (p less than 0.05). Results of the present study indicate the frequent association of peripheral blood immunological abnormalities in patients with active RV and indicate the possible role of immunological mechanisms in its pathogenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Association of retinal vasculitis (Eales' disease) and Meniere-like vestibulocochlear symptoms.

The objective of this study was to present a previously unknown association of visual loss and Meniere-like vestibuloauditory symptoms in Eales' disease (idiopathic retinal vasculitis) and to give a survey of other conditions affecting both the retina and inner ear. A 32-year-old man diagnosed with Eales' disease presented with recurrent deteriorations of visual acuity and simultaneous recurrent vestibuloauditory symptoms strongly reminiscent of Meniere's disease. Both the recurrent low frequency hearing losses and the losses of visual acuity could be restituted repeatedly by high dose i.v. corticosteroids. A literature review reveals that in a number of other retinopathic diseases associated with Meniere-like symptoms, microvasculopathy is also the pathomechanism. A common pathogenetic cause, e.g., autoimmune-mediated microvasculitis of retinal periphlebitis and vestibulocochlear symptoms, in this case is suggested. The presented case adds new evidence to microvasculopathy being a pathogenetic factor in Meniere's disease. In cases of coincidence of vestibulocochlear symptoms and retinal perivasculitis, a therapeutic attempt with high-dose corticosteroids is advisable.

Adult↗