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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Treatment of acute cerebral infarction with a choline precursor in a multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled study.

A multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled study of cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) was conducted to evaluate possible clinical benefits of the drug in patients with acute, moderate to severe cerebral infarction. The patients included also suffered from moderate to mild disturbances of consciousness, and all were admitted within 14 days of the ictus. Patients were allocated randomly to treatment with either CDP-choline (1,000 mg/day i.v. once daily for 14 days) or with placebo (physiological saline). One hundred thirty-three patients received CDP-choline treatment, and 139 received placebo. The group treated with CDP-choline showed significant improvements in level of consciousness compared with the placebo-treated group, and CDP-choline was an entirely safe treatment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

The management of premature labor with salbutamol.

One hundred and eight patients with imminent premature labor in the 24-36th week of pregnancy and with intact membranes were allocated randomly to two groups. Fifty-four patients were treated with intravenous infusion of 12-50 microgram/min of salbutamol (Ventoline) and 4 mg was subsequently given orally at 4-hour intervals. The weight of the newborn was over 2 500 g in 72% of cases. The duration of pregnancy was prolonged by over seven days in 67%, and 37 weeks of pregnancy and more was achieved in 61%. The comparable figures for the control group treated with fenoterol, 3-4 microgram/min and subsequently 5 mg orally at 4-hour intervals, were 78, 80 and 70% respectively.

Albuterol↗
PubMed1987

A comparison of nalbuphine with morphine for post-orchidopexy pain.

A double-blind investigation was conducted to compare nalbuphine with morphine for the control of pain after unilateral orchidopexy. Fifty boys under 11 years of age were allocated randomly to receive intramuscular nalbuphine 0.2 mgkg-1 or morphine 0.2 mgkg-1 immediately after induction of anaesthesia. Pain was assessed on a three-point scale, 1, 2 and 4 h after injection and on the morning following operation. Side-effects were also recorded. There were no significant differences between the two drugs in either the provision of analgesia, or the incidence of the principal side-effects of vomiting and sweating. There was a high incidence of vomiting in both groups. Nalbuphine is a satisfactory alternative to morphine for post-orchidopexy pain and may offer the advantages of greater safety and convenience.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Home-made oral supplement as nutritional support of old nursing home residents, who are undernourished or at risk of undernutrition based on the MNA. A pilot trial. Mini Nutritional Assessment.

AIMS: The aim of this pilot study was to examine the effect of a home-made oral supplement on body weight and energy intake of old people residing in a nursing home. METHODS: Sixty-six old (65+ years) nursing home residents were included and divided into three classes according to their Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) scores. Participants who scored 17-23.5 MNA points (at risk of undernutrition) and had a BMI <24 kg/m2 were randomly allocated (block randomization) to two groups: B and C. Participants with <17 MNA-points (undernourished) were allocated to group A. The participants allocated to groups A and B received a home-made oral supplement every evening for two consecutive months. RESULTS: The results after two months showed that compliance with the supplement was good and daily intake from the supplement averaged 1.6 MJ. The total energy intake in group A significantly increased (p<0.001), without suppressing the intake of energy from normal food. Group B experienced a decrease in the intake of normal food and hence no overall change in food intake. Body weight was unchanged in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our limited data suggest that a home-made oral supplement can improve the total energy intake of nursing home residents who are undernourished according to the MNA.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Influence of anticoagulant treatment in preventing graft occlusion following saphenous vein bypass for femoropopliteal occlusive disease.

Seventy-one patients underwent a classical reversed saphenous vein graft for femoropopliteal occlusive disease and were enrolled in a controlled clinical trial. During the second postoperative week the patients were allocated randomly into one of two groups; group 1 consisted of 34 patients who received coumarin, group 2 (37 patients) served as a control group without any anticoagulant treatment. The mean follow-up was 18 months. After 12 months the cumulative patency rate was 81 per cent and after 18 months 75 per cent; for patients receiving coumarin treatment, the respective figures were 90 and 82 per cent and for those with no anticoagulant treatment 72 and 67 per cent, the decrease being significant. When the bypass operation was performed for limb salvage (clinical stages III and IV) the overall results were worse (12 months, 72 per cent; 18 months, 68 per cent) than in stage II and stage II-III (12 months, 90 per cent; 18 months, 85 per cent). In limb salvage surgery the positive effects of anticoagulant treatment were significant (with treatment: 12 months, 87 per cent; 18 months, 87 per cent; without treatment: 12 months, 60 per cent; 18 months, 53 per cent). The site of the distal anastomosis (above knee: 12 months, 81 per cent; 18 months, 73 per cent versus below knee: 12 months, 80 per cent; 18 months, 75 per cent) did not have any demonstrable influence on the patency rate.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Buserelin versus danazol in the treatment of endometriosis-associated infertility.

A total of 62 infertile women with a laparoscopic diagnosis of endometriosis were allocated randomly to two treatment groups, one of which (32 patients) received oral danazol 600 micrograms/day and the other (30 patients) received intranasal buserelin 1200 micrograms/day for 6 months. Suppression of serum levels of estradiol was greater with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment. Pain symptoms improved markedly during treatment in both groups. At the end of treatment a repeat laparoscopy was performed only in the patients who agreed to it (12 in the buserelin group and 13 in the danazol group), and it did not reveal significant differences in the effects of the two treatments on the endometriotic implants. All of the patients were followed up for at least 12 months, during which pregnancy was attempted. At 18 months the cumulative pregnancy rate was 48% in the patients treated with buserelin and 43% in those treated with danazol. Pain recurrence was observed in about half of the patients in each group 1 year after treatment suspension. The side effects were more frequent and more severe in the danazol-treated patients, whereas those given buserelin generally reported only symptoms of hypoestrogenism. The results of this study suggests that buserelin is at least as effective as danazol in the treatment of endometriosis when the outcome is considered in terms of restored fertility, and its side effects are less severe.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Economic benefits of teaching patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease about their illness. The PASTMA Group.

By instructing patients in how to deal with their disease financial demands on health services may be reduced. 100 consecutive patients (aged 48 to 89) admitted to a general medical ward in Denmark with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were allocated randomly to receive either "personalized hospital practice" (PHP), which includes training in aspects of their disease, or standard hospital practice. Changes in "consumption" of health services per patient from 1 year before until 1 year after the intervention admission were evaluated in 82 (PHP group 42, controls 40) patients who completed the intervention phase. Each group contained about the same percentage of asthmatics and smokers. The increase in consumption of health services after intervention was on average Kr15,298 per patient per year less in the PHP group than in the control group (p = 0.048, Wilcoxon test). Consumption of general practitioner services was significantly increased in the control group compared with the PHP group (mean [95% Cl] Kr1346 [549 to 2143] vs -89 [-423 to 245] per patient per year; p = 0.001, Wilcoxon test). These differences could not be explained by changes in smoking habits. PHP reduces the consumption of health services by patients with COPD, probably by increasing patients' knowledge of disease and hence their ability to manage themselves.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

A controlled study of dimethyl sulfoxide in interstitial cystitis.

To evaluate the effectiveness of dimethyl sulfoxide in the treatment of patients with biopsies suggestive of interstitial cystitis, 33 patients underwent a controlled crossover trial. Patients were allocated randomly to receive 50 per cent dimethyl sulfoxide or placebo (saline). The medication was administered intravesically every 2 weeks for 2 sessions of 4 treatments each. Response was assessed urodynamically and symptomatically. Thirty women and 3 men (mean age 48 years and mean duration of symptoms 5.5 years) were entered into the study. No significant side effects to dimethyl sulfoxide were noted. When assessed subjectively, 53 per cent of dimethyl sulfoxide treated patients were markedly improved compared to 18 per cent of the placebo treated patients. Of the dimethyl sulfoxide group 93 per cent had objective improvement versus 35 per cent of the placebo group. Thus, dimethyl sulfoxide proved to be superior to placebo in the objective and subjective improvement of patients with interstitial cystitis.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of morphine and sublingual buprenorphine following abdominal surgery.

In a prospective study, patients undergoing abdominal surgery were allocated randomly to receive intermittent morphine 10 mg i.m. (n = 41) or a single injection of buprenorphine 0.3 mg i.m. followed by sublingual buprenorphine 0.4 mg every 6 h (n = 39) for 3 days following operation. Patients receiving buprenorphine were allowed additional morphine, if required. Pain scores (linear analogue scale) in those patients receiving regular sublingual buprenorphine were consistently less than in those receiving intermittent morphine i.m. Half the patients receiving buprenorphine required no additional analgesia; only 15% required additional analgesia after the first day following operation. Arterial blood-gas analyses showed significant hypoxaemia and significantly greater carbon dioxide tensions in those receiving buprenorphine. These results suggest that a regimen based on the use of sublingual buprenorphine provides pain relief comparable to that provided by intermittent opiates i.m.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of severe oligospermia with human chorionic gonadotropin/human menopausal gonadotropin: a placebo-controlled, double blind trial.

In an effort to evaluate the effect of hCG/human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) treatment on semen parameters in normogonadotropic men suffering from oligospermia, a double blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted. After 2 basal examinations of seminal parameters and reproductive hormones, 39 men were recruited for the trial. Nineteen men, allocated randomly to the active drug group, received im injections of 2500 IU hCG twice a week in combination with 150 IU hMG three times a week for 13 weeks, while 20 men were treated, following the same injection schedule, with NaCl only. After the 13-week treatment period, follow-up examination was performed, followed by 3 additional examinations at 4-week intervals. Of those men receiving hCG-hMG, 2 induced pregnancies in their wives, while no pregnancies were reported in the placebo group. Sperm concentrations, the percentages of motile sperm, and the proportions of normally formed spermatozoa, however, were similar in the 2 groups at all times. It was not possible to predict the outcome of treatment based on results of GnRH and hCG tests performed before the treatment phase.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Spinal analgesia with plain 0.5% bupivacaine administered at spinal interspace L2-3 or L4-5.

Forty patients (age range 60-79 yr) undergoing transurethral surgery were allocated randomly to receive 0.5% plain bupivacaine 4 ml at the L2-3 (n = 20) or L4-5 (n = 20) space. The solution was injected over 30 s with the patient in the sitting position. The patient was kept sitting for 2 min, then placed supine and, 5 min later, placed in the lithotomy position. No significant differences were found in onset time, extent and duration of analgesia or duration of motor block.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Misplacement of subclavian venous catheters: importance of head position and choice of puncture site.

We have investigated the frequency of misplacement of subclavian catheters in 200 consecutive patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. The patients were allocated randomly to an attempt at infraclavicular cannulation of the right or left subclavian vein with the head turned either towards or away from the selected side, giving four groups. Catheterization was successful in 185 (92.5%) patients. Misplacement into the internal jugular vein occurred in 10 (5.4%) patients. No statistically significant difference (P less than 0.05) was demonstrated between the four groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cardiovascular and renal haemodynamic effects of dopexamine: comparison with dopamine.

We have studied the effects of dopexamine and dopamine on systemic and renal haemodynamics in 20 male patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery. Patients were allocated randomly to two groups (n = 10) who were treated with incremental doses of either dopexamine 1, 2 and 4 micrograms kg-1 min-1, or dopamine 2.5 and 5 micrograms kg-1 min-1, each dose being maintained for 15 min. Measurements were performed before administration of the drug and at the end of the infusion period at each dose. Fentanyl and midazolam were used as anaesthetic agents. Renal blood flow was measured with the argon washin technique. Dopexamine 4 micrograms kg-1 min-1 produced an increase in cardiac index of 117% caused by a 65% reduction in afterload and an increase in heart rate by 61%. Dopamine 5 micrograms kg-1 min-1 caused a 40% increase in cardiac index as a result of an increase in stroke volume. Renal vascular resistance decreased more than systemic vascular resistance with dopamine. With dopexamine, the increase in renal blood flow (66%) was less than the increase in cardiac index, while renal vascular resistance and systemic vascular resistance declined to almost the same extent. The results show that dopexamine exerts systemic and renal effects mainly via stimulation of beta 2-receptors. An action of dopexamine at renal DA1-receptors could not be demonstrated in this study.

Adrenergic Agonists↗
PubMed1991

Comparative study of the effects of air or saline to identify the extradural space.

Fifty women in labour were allocated randomly to receive either air or saline to assist in the identification of the extradural space by the loss of resistance technique. A study volume of 4 ml of air or saline was used before 0.5% bupivacaine 8 ml and the spread of analgesia was followed for 30 min. The first segment blocked, time of onset, number of blocked segments and height of block were comparable in the two groups. At 30 min, there were eight patients with an unblocked segment in the air group, compared with two in the saline group (P less than 0.01). All unblocked segments were blocked subsequently by further doses of bupivacaine. We conclude that air is more likely than saline to produce unblocked segments in the initiation of extradural analgesia in labour.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Maternal and fetal haemodynamic effects of spinal and extradural anaesthesia for elective caesarean section.

Serial haemodynamic investigations were performed in 32 women who were allocated randomly to receive either spinal or extradural anaesthesia for elective Caesarean section. Cardiac output was measured by Doppler and cross-sectional echocardiography at the aortic valve. Doppler flow velocity waveforms were recorded also from the umbilical artery. Preloading with Ringer lactate solution 1 litre increased cardiac output in both groups. After injection of bupivacaine, cardiac output remained increased in the extradural group, but decreased in the spinal group. This was associated with an increase in umbilical artery pulsatility index in the spinal group. Umbilical artery pH was less in the spinal group (7.22 vs 7.27), although no neonate was depressed at birth. The maximum percentage change in cardiac output and umbilical artery pulsatility index correlated with umbilical artery pH (r = 0.54, r = 0.72, respectively). There was no significant correlation with change in arterial pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bradycardia and vecuronium: comparison with alcuronium during cholecystectomy.

We have compared the incidence of bradycardia in two groups of patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Twenty consecutive patients were allocated randomly to receive either vecuronium (n = 8) or alcuronium (n = 12) as part of a standard anaesthetic technique. Bradycardia was defined as a heart rate less than 50 beat min-1. Five episodes of bradycardia occurred with vecuronium and none with alcuronium (P less than 0.01).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Itraconazole in pityriasis versicolor.

Forty-two patients with pityriasis versicolor were treated with itraconazole. Patients were allocated randomly to one of two groups; the first group (22 patients) received 200 mg of itraconazole per day for five days, and the second group (20 patients) received 100 mg per day for the same period. The study lasted 30 days. Each patient's clinical history was recorded before treatment. Wood's light examination was also done at this time and was repeated weekly. Direct microscopic examination of lesions was undertaken at the beginning, middle, and end of the trial. Specimens for cultures could be obtained from only 24 patients. The cure rate was 95% in the first group and 75% in the second. The difference between these rates was not significant, but the groups were small and the difference in dosage may ultimately be meaningful in terms of rates of cure. Itraconazole appears to be effective in a high percentage of cases of pityriasis versicolor.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of cyproterone acetate and danazol in the treatment of pelvic pain associated with endometriosis.

Twenty-three patients with laparoscopically diagnosed endometriosis and pelvic pain were allocated randomly to treatment with cyproterone acetate 27 mg plus ethinyl estradiol 0.035 mg/day (11 patients) or danazol 600 mg/day (12 patients). All women received treatment for 6 months, except for one in the cyproterone group who suspended treatment for nonmedical reasons and was excluded from analysis of the results. The clinical condition and pain symptoms were monitored in all patients for 1 year after treatment suspension. The intensity of pelvic pain at diagnosis, during treatment, and at follow-up was evaluated by a multidimensional verbal score and an analogue scale. At the end of treatment, a repeat laparoscopy was performed in those patients who agreed (four in the cyproterone group, five in the danazol group); the results showed a partial regression of endometriotic lesions in both groups, with no significant differences between them. Dysmenorrhea disappeared in all patients during treatment. At 6 months after suspension, dysmenorrhea recurred in 66% of the cyproterone group and 58% of the danazol group, and at 1 year in 89 and 92%, respectively. Intermenstrual pelvic pain improved markedly during treatment in both groups; 6 months after treatment withdrawal it was present in four cyproterone subjects and four danazol group patients, whereas after 1 year, only one woman in the danazol group did not have this symptom. Deep dyspareunia was less affected by treatment, and 6 months later had recurred in all the women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗