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PubMed1999

[Interventional radiology and the medical applications of information systems: what consequences for the radiology department?].

The French health care system reform has introduced some changes in the distribution of hospital budgets according to the distribution of admitted patients in diagnosis related groups (DRGs). This new model of budget allocation does not take into account the more technical nature of some medical procedures and services and does not promote the implementation of new technologies. Using four simulated clinical cases, we studied the length of stay in different DRGs and the number of associated points (points d'indice synthétique d'activité, ISA). The addition of the interventional radiologic procedures did not modify the DRG (which remained unchanged from the initial DRG). In order to achieve recognition of the specific nature of interventional radiology procedures, a database should be created and an economical evaluation conducted.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Report of the Inter-Society Commission for Heart Disease Resources. Optimal resources for examination of the chest and cardiovascular system. A hospital planning and resource guideline. Radiologic facilities for conventional x-ray examination of the heart and lungs. Catheterization-angiographic Laboratories. Radiologic resources for cardiovascular surgical operating rooms and intensive care units.

This is an updated and expanded planning and oprimal resource guideline for diagnostic examinations of the cardiovascular system. Catheterization-angiographic laboratories are described and detailed specifications given for radiologic and physiologic equipment. Case loads for maintaining safe and effective performance are recommended and complication rates discussed. An optimal location for the laboratory is defined and the status of affiliated laboratories reviewed. Professional staff qualifications, relationships and requirements are enumerated and recommendations are made for organization and administration of the services. There is a protocol for electrical safety and radiation protection and a data base for assessing case loads in hospitals within a community or region. This statement also defines optimal facility and equipment criteria for conventional chest x-rays and radiologic equipment requirements for cardiovascular surgical operating rooms and intensive care units.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed2001

Intranet and radiology: a critical appraisal of radiological applications of Intranet technology.

The World-Wide Web (WWW or Web) is the service which led to the huge popularity of the Internet by making it user friendly. Already in the early years of the Web, this technology was also used to make internal information systems easier to use and hospitals and departments set up "Intranets". An Intranet consists of a Web Server which is installed within a local area network (LAN) and allows information retrieval with a Web browser. This paper highlights the different fields of Intranet applications in radiology and in the hospital and focuses on systems for organisational issues as well as for patient data distribution. While an Intranet can be a solution for many problems, not only in radiology, it is accompanied by serious threats and common misunderstandings which are discussed.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2002

Factors affecting patient enrollment in radiology clinical trials: a case study of the American College of Radiology Imaging Network.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to identify factors that affect the enrollment of patients into American College of Radiology Imaging Network clinical trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quality improvement study was performed. Brainstorming produced an exhaustive list of factors that could affect the interest of sites in participating in American College of Radiology Imaging Network trials, as well as factors that could influence patient recruitment. Surveys, structured interviews, and benchmarking were used to validate and rank the importance of these factors. RESULTS: Site participation was influenced mainly by the support of the department chair and the interest of the investigator. Patient recruitment was affected primarily by the ease of identifying candidates and the perceived experience level and skill of the support staff. CONCLUSION: Because radiologists do not control patient referrals for imaging tests, a premium must be placed on developing systems to maximize the identification and enrollment of candidates for clinical trials. Other factors considered critical to success in patient enrollment include the supportiveness of the departmental leadership, the experience and skill level of study personnel, and the availability of site-specific infrastructure to support the study.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1996

Relationship between American College of Radiology in-training examination scores and American Board of Radiology written examination scores.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To retrospectively evaluate the association between resident performance on the American College of Radiology in-training examination and performance on the American Board of Radiology written examination. METHODS: Percentile scores from the in-training examination (low score, < 20th percentile) and written board examination (low score, < 25 percentile) were collected for 58 residents in a large, university-based program during a 6-year period. Mean in-training examination scores were compared for the high score and low score written board groups. In-training examination scores were correlated with the written board scores, and odds ratios were calculated for the association between in-training examination and written board scores. Adjusted in-training examination and written board odds ratios were calculated for Alpha Omega Alpha status and prior clinical training. RESULTS: The mean in-training examination scores were statistically significantly higher in the high score written board group (P = .0001). There was significant correlation between the in-training examination and the written board scores (P = .05). There was a significant association between a resident's average in-training examination score and written board score. Alpha Omega Alpha status was associated with high written board scores, and prior clinical training was associated with low written board scores (not significant). CONCLUSION: The resident's average in-training examination score was a strong predictor of the written board score. The resident with a low in-training examination score is at risk for poor performance on the written board examination and may benefit from remedial training.

Educational Measurement↗
PubMed2000

Updated quality assurance self-assessment exercise in intraoral and panoramic radiography. American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Radiology Practice Committee.

This updated self-assessment exercise for the dental team by the Radiology Practice Committee of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology is intended to produce the highest quality diagnostic radiographs while keeping patient exposure as low as is reasonably achievable. To continue to provide the best radiographic services to patients, those involved in dental radiography need to be aware of the latest changes and advances in dental radiography and need to use them in their practice.

Credentialing↗
PubMed2000

The contribution by medical radiology departments to dental radiology in general dental practice in Scotland.

AIM: To determine the availability of the services of medical radiology departments to general dental practitioners in Scotland. METHODS: Fifty-seven hospitals were identified as likely to have services available to general dental practitioners; 41 were within central urbanised areas (the 'Central Belt') and 16 in the more remote rural areas, (the 'Borders, Highlands and Islands'). The available services were identified by questionnaire. RESULTS: All 57 questionnaires were returned. Although there were significantly fewer larger hospitals in the 'Borders, Highlands and Islands', there was no significant difference in availability of services to general dental practitioners between the two parts of Scotland. CONCLUSION: The services of medical radiology departments are generally available to general dental practitioners in both the 'Central Belt' and the 'Borders, Highlands and Islands'.

Dental Service, Hospital↗
PubMed1989

Seventy-five years of the RSNA (Radiological Society of North America), approaching a century of radiology: museum and information resources.

As the Centenary approaches, the feel of radiology history is changing. As exhibits are mounted and the sub-specialties tell their own stories, what once seemed a very new field is acquiring a codified history of its own. That story is made up, to a very large extent, by the things and memories we happen to have kept. As we move into a second century of radiology, the question of what to save and how to save it becomes even more challenging.

Germany↗
PubMed1982

Radiology workload system for diagnostic radiology.

A unit measurement system for diagnostic radiology has been prepared. The basic data were collected in fifteen small, medium and large sized Canadian hospitals. Detailed measurements were made of the technologists' time for performing radiographic examinations. Analysis of work activity established the time contribution for each category of support staff. The basic data were tested in a field trial of 42 Canadian hospitals and found to be reliable. Comparisons with other systems, particularly in Finland and Scotland, revealed a great similarity of results. A method of productivity analysis was developed. The study will be likely to form the basis for national reporting of work in Canadian radiology departments.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of a University Medical Center in the education of radiologic technologists: advanced education in radiologic technology.

The development of new and sophisticated imaging equipment, the rapidly changing medical diagnostic techniques, and larger and busier radiology departments put increasingly heavy demands on radiologic technologists. To cope with these demands, superficial knowledge and experience is not enough. The technologist who wished to advance on the career ladder must have more solid facts at his disposal and know how and when to use them if he is to perform efficiently and satisfactorily. The program described here provides a type of education that will permit the technologist to so advance with a feeling of security in the knowledge that he has the foundation needed to meet the challenges of his profession.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2003

[The building and practice of the emergency isolation radiology information system at the department of radiology in polyclinic during the epidemic outbreak stage of SARS].

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the characteristics of the hardware and software in the emergency-isolation-radiology-information-system(EIRIS) from the running experience of EIRIS during the epidemic outbreak stage of SARS(serious acute respiratory syndrom). To summarize the experience and the effects of the system, and to discuss the benefits and problems of the system. METHODS: To set the dependent IP subnet address for the EIRIS. The server was in high available(HA) style. The text information was transmitted by TCP/IP protocol, and the chest X ray film information was transmitted by DICOM protocol. The client workstations were set in the SARS isolation region(at the SARS outpatient department and the SARS x-ray examination room) and the non-SARS isolation region respectively. The incidence of the SARS in medical staffs was recorded before and after the EIRIS was employed. RESULTS: EIRIS made the suspected and the diagnosed SARS cases away from the non-isolation area effectively. The incidence of the disease after the EIRIS running was in a downward trend compared with the incidence before the system run. CONCLUSION: EIRIS was an effective method to break the transmission route of SARS within the hospital. Network and software preparation, the training in computer of the staffs at radiology department, network maintenance and the management system are the keys to the smooth running of the EIRIS.

China↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Picture archiving and communication system--Part one: Filmless radiology and distance radiology.

Picture archiving and communication system (PACS) is a collection of technologies used to carry out digital medical imaging. PACS is used to digitally acquire medical images from the various modalities, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and digital projection radiography. The image data and pertinent information are transmitted to other and possibly remote locations over networks, where they may be displayed on computer workstations for soft copy viewing in multiple locations, thus permitting simultaneous consultations and almost instant reporting from radiologists at a distance. Data are secured and archived on digital media such as optical disks or tape, and may be automatically retrieved as necessary. Close integration with the hospital information system (HIS)--radiology information system (RIS) is critical for system functionality. Medical image management systems are maturing, providing access outside of the radiology department to images throughout the hospital via the Ethernet, at different hospitals, or from a home workstation if teleradiology has been implemented.

Hospital Information Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Synthesis of radiological models and radiological invariants (constants). (Part 3: synthesis of population-phenomenological models and Klepper model)].

The goal of this work was to synthesize Klepper mathematical models (MM), which describes the probability of post-radiation complications (PRC) in tissue subjected to radiation therapy with given scheme of dose fractionating (DF), and population-phenomenological (PP) MMs PP3 and PP4, which describe equivalent DF schemes for a fixed PRC value. Construction of synthesized MMs (SMMs) becomes possible only on the basis of several assumptions requiring further clinical validation. Synthesized MMs can be used for determination of the optimal dynamic conditions of irradiation of malignant tumors. These conditions include the optimal physical plan of irradiation and the optimal time scheme of its implementation. Synthesis of MMs leads to determination of radiological invariants (constants), which can become a basis for a new branch of medical science, quantitative radiology.

Mathematics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Synthesis of radiological models and radiological constants. Part 4: Synthesis of population-phenomenological models and Lyman model].

The goal of this work was to synthesize Lyman mathematical models (MM), which describe the probability of post-radiation complications (PRC) in tissue subjected to radiation therapy with given scheme of dose fractionating (DF), and population-phenomenological (PP) MMs PP3 and PP4, which describe equivalent DF schemes for a fixed PRC value. Construction of synthesized MMs (SMMs) becomes possible only on the basis of several assumptions requiring further clinical validation. Synthesized MMs can be used for determination of the optimal dynamic conditions of irradiation of malignant tumors. These conditions include the optimal physical plan of irradiation and the optimal time scheme of its implementation. Synthesis of MMs leads to determination of radiological invariants (constants), which can become a basis for a new branch of medical science, quantitative radiology.

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗
PubMed1982

Radiology workload system for diagnostic radiology. Productivity enhancement studies.

A unit measurement system for diagnostic radiology has been prepared. The basic data were collected in fifteen small, medium and large sized Canadian hospitals. Detailed measurements were made of the technologists' time for performing radiographic examinations. Analysis of work activity established the time contribution for each category of support staff. The basic data were tested in a field trial of forty-two Canadian hospitals and found to be reliable. Comparisons with other systems, particularly in Finland and Scotland, revealed a great similarity of results. A method of productivity analysis was developed. The study will be likely to form the basis for national reporting of work in Canadian radiology departments.

Efficiency↗
PubMed1990

Integrated radiologic information system: a radiology multimedia communication system.

A multimedia radiologic communication system has been developed that achieves the system design goal of providing a clinical communication service that is an efficient improvement over present methods of communication. The system allows users to access, through a workstation, digitized radiographic images, voice reports, and other patient data. Physicians can consult with each other while simultaneously accessing this information through a shared visual workspace, even though they are in different places. The system was designed by a multidisciplinary team including radiologists, clinicians, engineers, user-interface specialists, and psychologists from hospital, university, and research settings in an effort to maximize system performance and clinical utility.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1975

Radiological changes in inhalation anthrax. A report of radiological and pathological correlation in two cases.

The radiological changes in two cases of inhalation anthrax are correlated with pathological findings. The earliest radiological sign was widening of the mediastinum, followed by prominent lung markings with peribronchial infiltration due to pulmonary oedema and haemorrhage. Associated pleural effusions are common, and non-specific super-imposed pulmonary infiltration may also be present. Inhalation anthrax must be considered in any case of mediastinal widening in a patient coming in contact with imported animal products or with livestock in endemic areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The value of radiology in the idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome: a radiological and pathological correlation study.

The authors have reviewed the chest radiographs of 337 newborn babies who were referred for examination with respiratory distress. They have devised a system of grading of severity of hyaline membrane disease according to the degree of radiological changes and have been able to give a prognosis for each grade. The various complications of hyaline membrane disease have been reviewed. One hundred and sixteen autopsies were carried out and the radiological and pathological findings were correlated. A positive relationship in 82% of cases was found.

Bronchi↗