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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Transient pulsed radio emission from a magnetar.

Anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) are slowly rotating neutron stars with very bright and highly variable X-ray emission that are believed to be powered by ultra-strong magnetic fields of >10(14) G, according to the 'magnetar' model. The radio pulsations that have been observed from more than 1,700 neutron stars with weaker magnetic fields have never been detected from any of the dozen known magnetars. The X-ray pulsar XTE J1810-197 was revealed (in 2003) as the first AXP with transient emission when its luminosity increased 100-fold from the quiescent level; a coincident radio source of unknown origin was detected one year later. Here we show that XTE J1810-197 emits bright, narrow, highly linearly polarized radio pulses, observed at every rotation, thereby establishing that magnetars can be radio pulsars. There is no evidence of radio emission before the 2003 X-ray outburst (unlike ordinary pulsars, which emit radio pulses all the time), and the flux varies from day to day. The flux at all radio frequencies is approximately equal--and at >20 GHz XTE J1810-197 is currently the brightest neutron star known. These observations link magnetars to ordinary radio pulsars, rule out alternative accretion models for AXPs, and provide a new window into the coronae of magnetars.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

In vivo assessment of radio frequency induced thermal damage of kidney using optical spectroscopy.

PURPOSE: Radio frequency ablation is a promising modality for treating small renal tumors. Several studies have been published showing its efficacy. A major drawback in the current management of renal tumors with radio frequency ablation is the lack of an effective modality to accurately monitor the progress of the ablation zone in real-time fashion. Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of using optical spectroscopy to assess tissue thermal damage, especially in hepatic lesions. We examined the feasibility of this technology in the setting of renal radio frequency ablation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A portable spectroscopic system was used to acquire in vivo fluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectra from porcine renal tissue undergoing radio frequency ablation in real-time fashion with simultaneous temperature recordings. Fluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectral data were then correlated with various degrees of thermal damage and temperature recordings. RESULTS: The most noticeable change in fluorescence characteristics of renal tissue resulting from thermal coagulation was a strong decrease in fluorescence intensity between 400 and 550 nm. When fully coagulated, a significant increase in diffuse reflectance intensity was observed between 500 and 800 nm. CONCLUSIONS: Optical spectroscopy, specifically fluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, differs significantly in porcine renal tissues with varying degrees of thermal damage from radio frequency ablation in an in vivo setting. Future clinical studies with sufficient sample size are required to validate the potential of these findings. Optical diagnostics may prove to be a rapid, noninvasive, low cost option for monitoring the tumor response to radio frequency based ablative techniques. It may be integrated into future radio frequency ablation probes.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Can zeolites decrease the uptake and accelerate the excretion of radio-caesium in ruminants?

The zeolite group of minerals has been suggested as a means of decreasing the uptake of radio-caesium by humans and domestic animals, and also to accelerate the excretion of radio-caesium which has already been absorbed. Artificial mordenite, one of the zeolites being considered for this purpose, was dispersed in liquid paraffin and administered to goats and lambs fed radio-caesium-contaminated hay. Faeces and urine were collected separately and analyzed by gamma spectrometry on each day of the experimental period. At a dose of 10 g day-1 of mordenite, the amount of radio-caesium excreted was more than double the amount ingested with the fodder, due to extraction of the radio-caesium stored in the body. Initially, the effect/dose ratio was even higher. It is shown conclusively that mordenite can reduce the uptake of radio-caesium by goats and lambs, and also, without changing the fodder, reduce their body burden. A similar, preliminary experiment on man was less successful. In another experiment, boiling reindeer meat with mordenite reduced its radio-caesium content to 8%.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed2005

An Earth-like correspondence between Saturn's auroral features and radio emission.

Saturn is a source of intense kilometre-wavelength radio emissions that are believed to be associated with its polar aurorae, and which provide an important remote diagnostic of its magnetospheric activity. Previous observations implied that the radio emission originated in the polar regions, and indicated a strong correlation with solar wind dynamic pressure. The radio source also appeared to be fixed near local noon and at the latitude of the ultraviolet aurora. There have, however, been no observations relating the radio emissions to detailed auroral structures. Here we report measurements of the radio emissions, which, along with high-resolution images of Saturn's ultraviolet auroral emissions, suggest that although there are differences in the global morphology of the aurorae, Saturn's radio emissions exhibit an Earth-like correspondence between bright auroral features and the radio emissions. This demonstrates the universality of the mechanism that results in emissions near the electron cyclotron frequency narrowly beamed at large angles to the magnetic field.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

A powerful bursting radio source towards the Galactic Centre.

Transient astronomical sources are typically powered by compact objects and usually signify highly explosive or dynamic events. Although high-time-resolution observations are often possible in radio astronomy, they are usually limited to quite narrow fields of view. The dynamic radio sky is therefore poorly sampled, in contrast to the situation in the X-ray and gamma-ray bands in which wide-field instruments routinely detect transient sources. Here we report a transient radio source, GCRT J1745-3009, which was detected during a moderately wide-field monitoring programme of the Galactic Centre region at 0.33 GHz. The characteristics of its bursts are unlike those known for any other class of radio transient. If located in or near the Galactic Centre, its brightness temperature (approximately 10(16) K) and the implied energy density within GCRT J1745-3009 vastly exceed those observed in most other classes of radio astronomical sources, and are consistent with coherent emission processes that are rarely observed. We conclude that it represents a hitherto unknown class of transient radio sources, the first of possibly many new classes that may be discovered by emerging wide-field radio telescopes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Percutaneous intradiscal radio-frequency thermocoagulation. A cadaveric study.

STUDY DESIGN: This study examined the effect of radio-frequency thermocoagulation on cadaveric disc material. Radio-frequency lesions are induced to decompress the nerve root by coagulating the nucleus pulposus. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of the radio-frequency lesion technique for treating lumbar disc herniation percutaneously. The effect of radio-frequency thermocoagulation on cadaveric disc material was studied. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: An intradiscal bipolar electrode is used for the thermocoagulation of the nucleus pulposus. METHODS: Lumbar discs of 27 adult cadavers were used for the experiments within 72 hours of donors' deaths. The physical and thermal parameters of intradiscal radio-frequency thermocoagulation were determined experimentally. Acute macroscopic and histologic changes before and after thermocoagulation were investigated. The temperature distribution of the tissue surrounding the disc was measured during the operation using thermocouples to evaluate potential heat damage. Also, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the disc were performed before and after thermocoagulation. RESULTS: Macroscopic observation showed that the lesion induced by radio-frequency thermocoagulation is homogeneous and intense without necrosis, and is limited to the nucleus pulposus. Histologically, the endplates and vertebral bodies were unaffected and an architectural disorganization of the stroma of the nucleus pulposus was seen. The temperature increase of the tissue surrounding the discs did not exceed 3-4 C. CONCLUSION: A bipolar electrode and a radio-frequency alternating current permits percutaneous intradiscal thermocoagulation for destruction of a portion of disc material in a cadaveric spine.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The comparison of immunohistochemical proliferation and apoptosis markers in rectal carcinoma treated surgically or by preoperative radio-chemotherapy.

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to determine prognostic histopathological and immunohistochemical factors expressed by proliferation and apoptosis markers in patients treated only surgically or by preoperative radio-chemotherapy. The material was obtained from 204 patients; 114 patients underwent an operation, 35 patients had preoperative radiotherapy (2500 cGy in 5 fractions for 5 days) and 55 patients were treated with preoperative radio-chemotherapy (5000 cGy in 25 fractions for 33 days and 3 courses of chemotherapy 5Fu and Leucovorin). In 204 cases the operative material was examined taking into account: 1. the age, sex, size of tumor, macroscopic features, stage, angioinvasion and perineural invasion, 2. cancer response to the treatment, 3. immunohistochemical factors being the expression of p53, MIB1, bcl-2, bax. In additional, a statistic analysis was carried out using chi-square test and NW method to examine individual parameters and Spearman (R) rank correlation to define the force of dependence. RESULTS: 1. In cases of colorectal cancer treated only surgically, statistically significant correlations occurred among the stage, angioinvasion and perineural invasion. 2. The partial response with regression of the tumor mass less than 2/3 occurred in 90% of patients after short radiotherapy. The complete response (CR) was seen in 15% of cases, the regression of the tumor mass more than 2/3 (PR1)--in 46% of cases and the regression of the tumor mass less than 2/3 of (PR2)--in 39% of cases after preoperative radio-chemotherapy. 3. A. In biopsy taken in 27 patients before radio-chemotherapy expression of MIB1 and bax proved to be statistically significant. The low expression of MIB1 and the high level of bax expression were correlated with the total or near-total response of cancer to the treatment. B. In operative material after radio-chemotherapy a statistically significant dependence occurred among all immunohistochemical markers; regression of the tumor mass less than 2/3 correlated with the low expression of p53, MIB1, bax and bcl-2. 4. The force of dependence among immunohistochemical parameters in patients only after surgical treatment was R = 0.2-0.3 and after radio-chemotherapy R = 0.8. CONCLUSION: The expression of proliferation and apoptosis markers was combined with rectal carcinoma after preoperative radio-chemotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Induction of radio-adaptive response by low-dose X-irradiation on chromosome aberrations in human embryonic fibroblasts.

Inonizing radiation induces mutation and chromosome aberrations in the irradiated cells. However, the frequency of chromosome aberrations induced by high-dose X-ray irradiation is diminished in cells exposed to low-dose pre-irradiation. The radio-adaptive response induced by low-dose radiation has been previously reported. These studies usually choose V79 cells or human peripheral lymphocytes as test materials. However, V79 cells are no longer normal diploid cells and in the case of human peripheral lymphocytes, artificial blastoid transformation by a mitogen is necessary for the experiments. In order to observe the radio-adaptive response of normal cells under natural conditions, we elected to study human embryonic fibroblasts as cells in the normal cell cycle under natural conditions. We investigated the dose dependency of the frequency of chromosome aberrations induced by radiation, conditions required to induce the radio-adaptive response, and the relationship between radio-adaptive response and protein production system. As a result, the number of chromosome aberrations significantly increased with high dose irradiation as a function of dose. When a conditioning irradiation of 10 cGy was given to cells 4 hours before the irradiation of 150 cGy, the number of chromosome aberrations significantly decreased. However, the induction of this radio-adaptive response was inhibited by treatment with 1 microgram/ml of cycloheximide during the 2 to 4 hour period after conditioning irradiation. These findings possibly suggest that the radio-adaptive response can be induced by pre-irradiation with about 10 cGy and that X-ray induced protein influences the induction of radio-adaptive response.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1996

[Radiotherapy in northern Germany: data on radio-oncology from 6 Bundesländer].

BACKGROUND: Facts and figures about German radio-oncologic centers are scarcely available. A first glance was made possible by the accumulation of data published by the German Röntgen Society ("Abteilungen und Praxen für Strahlentherapie in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, 1994"[4]). Detailed and up-to-date information is difficult to collect from the whole Federal Republic. Therefore, a regional data-base limited to the 6 northern German states was created in order to get correct, detailed and current facts and figures from radio-oncologic departments of this region. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Traditionally there was a close cooperation between the Röntgen Society of Northern Germany and the Society of "Niedersachsen" and "Sachsen-Anhalt". Therefore, hospital departments and free standing office-type facilities in radio-oncology from 6 states have put together a regional North German data-base. Detailed questionnaires were sent out in order to get data on heads of departments, professional staff, technical equipment, workload, diagnoses and training facilities. The collected data were distributed to all participating centers for confidential individual analysis. This paper reports the data collected. RESULTS: The survey 1995/96 had an unexpected return. Thirty-six from 38 centers in a region with 17.36 million inhabitants in 6 states (21.3% of Germany) took part. There were 73 megavolt machines and 31 afterloading facilities. Two hundred and forty physicians, 110 physicists, and 350 radiographers were working in radio-oncology; and there were 852 hospital beds specifically assigned to radio-oncology for the care of in-patients. In 1995, 32,000 patients were treated with 37,000 series, 570,000 treatment visits and 1,600,000 radiation fields. The average patient got 1.2 series, 18 treatment visits and 50 fields. Equipment-wise, an average department runs a mean of 2 megavolt machines and 1 afterloading facility. The corresponding data for 1 megavolt machine were 3.5 physicians, 1.6 physicists, 5 radiographers and 13 hospital beds. There was 1 machine for 240,000 inhabitants. The average workload of a megavolt machine was 439 patients a year with 513 series, 7,813 treatment visits and 21,845 radiation fields. CONCLUSIONS: A regional data-base for radio-oncology is being described. It is demonstrated that it is possible to get detailed and current data by this method. It provides transparent data on equipment, personnel and workload in radio-oncology. It should set an example for other regions to collect their data in the same fashion, and then compile all such data for the whole country to identify and correct potential deficiencies for improvement of care.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed2004

Ecological study on residences in the vicinity of AM radio broadcasting towers and cancer death: preliminary observations in Korea.

OBJECTIVES: Public health concern about the health effects of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) has increased with the increase in public exposure. This study was to evaluate some health effect of RF exposure by the AM radio broadcasting towers in Korea. METHODS: We calculated cancer mortality rates using Korean death certificates over the period of 1994-1995 and population census data in ten RF-exposed areas, defined as regions that included AM radio broadcasting towers of over 100 kW, and in control areas, defined as regions without a radio broadcasting tower inside and at least 2 km away from the towers. RESULTS: All cancers-mortality was significantly higher in the exposed areas [direct standardized mortality rate ratio (MRR) = 1.29, 95%CI = 1.12-1.49]. When grouped by each exposed area and by electrical power, MRRs for two sites of 100 kW, one site of 250 kW and one site of 500 kW, for all subjects, and for one site of 100 kW and two sites of 250 kW, for male subjects, showed statistically significant increases without increasing trends according to the groups of electric power. Leukemia mortality was higher in exposed areas (MRR = 1.70, 95% CI = 0.84-3.45), especially among young adults aged under 30 years (0-14 years age group, MRR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.05-5.98; 15-29 age group, MRR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.07-5.24). CONCLUSIONS: We observed higher mortality rates for all cancers and leukemia in some age groups in the area near the AM radio broadcasting towers. Although these findings do not prove a causal link between cancer and RF exposure from AM radio broadcasting towers, it does suggest that further analytical studies on this topic are needed in Korea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Incidence of breast cancer in Norwegian female radio and telegraph operators.

Exposure to electromagnetic fields may cause breast cancer in women if it increases susceptibility to sex-hormone-related cancer by diminishing the pineal gland's production of melatonin. We have studied breast cancer incidence in female radio and telegraph operators with potential exposure to light at night, radio frequency (405 kHz-25 MHz), and, to some extent, extremely low frequency fields (50 Hz). We linked the Norwegian Telecom cohort of female radio and telegraph operators working at sea to the Cancer Registry of Norway to study incident cases of breast cancer. The cohort consisted of 2,619 women who were certified to work as radio and telegraph operators between 1920 and 1980. Cancer incidence was analyzed on the basis of the standardized incidence ratio (SIR), with the Norwegian female population as the comparison group. The incidence of all cancers was close to unity (SIR = 1.2). An excess risk was seen for breast cancer (SIR = 1.5). Analysis of a nested case-control study within the cohort showed an association between breast cancer in women aged 50+ years and shift work. In a model with adjustment for age, calendar year, and year of first birth, the rate ratio for breast cancer associated with being a radio and telegraph operator--in comparison with all Norwegian women born 1935 or later--analyzed with Poisson regression, was 1.5 after adjustment for fertility factors. These results support a possible association between work as a radio and telegraph operator and breast cancer. Future epidemiologic studies on breast cancer in women aged 50 and over, should address possible disturbances of chronobiological parameters by environmental factors.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Possible electromagnetic interference with electronic medical equipment by radio waves coming from outside the hospital.

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) with electronic medical equipment by radio waves from mobile telephone handsets has been reported and is currently receiving wide attention. The possibility of EMI with electronic medical equipment by radio waves coming into the hospital has also been pointed out. But so far, there are no reports measuring the frequency distribution of electric field intensity induced by incoming radio waves. Therefore, we measured electric field intensity induced by radio waves coming into our 11-floor hospital, which was under construction. The maximum intensity observed was about 200 V/m at 2.79 GHz, from airport surveillance radar waves. The maximum intensity induced by radio waves from cellular phone base stations was 1.78 V/m. These data show that various frequencies of radio waves are common in this urban area, and that they induce strong electricfield intensity. This strong electric field intensity might cause EMI with electronic medical equipment. Measurement of the electromagnetic environment should be done by each hospital in urban areas to prevent EMI with electronic medical equipment.

Electric Power Supplies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A time-motion study of ambulance-to-emergency department radio communications.

OBJECTIVE: A prospective time-motion study of radio communication between inbound ambulances and emergency department (ED) triage personnel was conducted to assess hospital triage staff time utilized, and how often radio reports result in actions taken in the ED to prepare for patient arrival. The study hypothesis was that reports for "priority 2" (P2, nonemergent) patients rarely provide information that is acted upon in the ED prior to the patient's arrival. METHODS: The study was conducted at an academic adult ED receiving 22,000 ambulances per year. An observer in the ED monitored and timed (to the second) all radio reports as well as the activities of triage nurses and arriving emergency medical services (EMS) personnel. RESULTS: A convenience sample of 437 reports was collected: 83 priority 1 (P1, emergent) and 354 P2. Average report times (minutes:seconds) with ranges were 0:53 (0:07-1:57) for P1, and 0:44 (0:04-3:50) for P2. Only 16% of the P2 reports resulted in any preparatory action, and 55% of these were requests to have hospital police officers available to receive intoxicated patients, as per local protocol. An in-person report was given in the ED for 61% of the P2 cases, and in 48% of these, the in-person report was longer than the radio report. CONCLUSIONS: In the system studied, P2 reports rarely provide information that is acted on prior to the patient's arrival. The time spent giving a radio report is frequently duplicated in the ED. Radio reports for low-priority patients may not be an efficient or productive use of providers' or nurses' time.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1987

The contribution of personal radios to the noise exposure of employees at one industrial facility.

An investigation of the contribution made to an employee's noise dose from the output of personal radios was performed at a North Carolina textile manufacturing facility where the daily time-weighted average sound level (TWA) was approximately 87 dB, A-weighted sound pressure level [dB(A)]. The measured mean equivalent diffuse field output level of the personal radios was determined to be 83 dB(A) with a range from 70 to 98 dB(A). The daily TWA of a typical employee who did not use a personal radio was determined to be 86.6 dB(A), whereas the exposure of personal radio users was 88.5 dB(A)--an increase of 1.9 dB(A). This increase in exposure was estimated to result in 4 dB of additional permanent noise-induced hearing loss at 4 kHz for the 5th percentile (most sensitive portion) of the population after 20 years of exposure beginning at age 20. The study concluded that the additional contribution of the personal radios to the employee's daily TWA did not pose a significant additional threat to their hearing. Specific hearing conservation criteria, however, were recommended for continuation of personal radio use at the facility.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed2001

Measurement techniques for UMTS signals radiated by radio base stations.

In the most European countries radio coverage for the third radio mobile generation. i.e, the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), will soon be started. In the past few years, national laws specifying limits on exposure to electromagnetic fields have drawn much attention on electromagnetic test bed and measurement procedures for radio mobile equipment/systems. An overview is given of the UMTS system, showing the main characteristics of the radio access network UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network). An analysis is also provided as to the measurement techniques and related instrumentation for the electric field intensity radiated by a UMTS radio station.

Electromagnetic Fields↗
PubMed1989

Interactive radio instruction: developing instructional methods.

The USAID has, since 1972, funded the development of a new methodology for educational radio for young children through 3 projects: the Radio Mathematics PRoject of Nicaragua, the Radio Language Arts Project of Kenya, and the Radio Science PRoject of Papua New Guinea. These projects developed math programs for grades 1-4 and English as a second language for grades 1-3; programs to teach science in grades 4-6 are now being developed. Appropriate techniques were developed to engage young children actively in the learning process. Lessons are planned as a "conversation" between the children and the radio; scripts are written as 1/2 of a dialogue, with pauses carefully timed so that written as 12 of a dialogue, with pauses carefully timed so that students can contribute their 1/2. Teaching techniques used in all 3 projects include choral responses, simultaneous individual seatwork, and activities using simple materials such as pebbles and rulers. Certain techniques were specific to the subject being taught, or to the circumstances in which the lessons were to be used. Patterned oral drill was used frequently in the English lessons, including sound-cued drills. "Deferred" oral responses were used often in the math lessons. In this method, the children are instructed to solve a problem silently, not giving the answer aloud until requested, thus allowing time for even the slower children to participate. "One-child" questions were used in both English and science: the radio asks a question to be answered by a single child, who is selected on the spot by the classroom teacher. This allows for open-ended questions, but also requires constant supervision of the classroom teacher. Songs and games were used in all programs, and extensively for didactic purposes in the teaching of English. Instructions for science activities are often more complex than in other courses, particularly when the children are using science apparatus, especially when they work in pairs to share scarce equipment, a cost-saving device developed specifically for use in the science course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The impact of a targeted radio campaign to prevent STIs and HIV/AIDS in Mozambique.

In 1997 to 1998, Population Services International (PSI) carried out a targeted radio campaign in Mozambique to promote behavior change for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS. To evaluate the coverage and impact of the campaign, PSI designed and implemented a cross-sectional study using a two-stage random sample of "at-risk" individuals; 754 individuals between the ages of 13 and 49 were interviewed. Over half (52.4%) heard the campaign and 45.5% recalled one or more radio messages. However, recall of specific messages in specific risk groups was low. A multivariate model demonstrates that among those exposed to the radio campaign, 97.2% reported intent to change their sexual behavior compared with 62.8% of those not exposed to the campaign (p < .001). Among those who recalled campaign messages, 86.1% attempted to change their behavior compared with 58% of those who had no message recall (p <.001). Success in changing behavior is significantly higher among those with message recall (83.8%) than those without (56.8%, p < .001). This study illustrates the difficulties in using radio to target a specific group with a corresponding behavior change message. Although general recall of campaign messages was high per target group, the campaign did not succeed in ensuring exposure to the intended target group. The strategy of airing all of the spots simultaneously with different but similar messages resulted in one spot "stepping on" another. Despite the limitations in using radio to target, exposure to the radio campaign has contributed to individual intent to change sexual behavior.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

Morphology of the articular surfaces of the distal radio-ulnar joint.

BACKGROUND: The two articular surfaces of the distal ulna get an important role in load transmission and stabilization of the distal radio-ulnar joint. The present study describes the morphology of the distal radio-ulnar joint surfaces in terms of the functional relationships between the shape of the ulnar articular facets and the predominant contact situation in this joint. METHODS: Besides macroscopic dissection and radiological investigation the model of the "inclined plane" has been used to simulate force transmission across the radio-ulnar joint concerning the angle between the distal and the radial articular surfaces of the ulnar head. RESULTS: The presented morphological parameters of the radio-ulnar joint surfaces verify that the transmitted forces are effective in both a radio-ulnar and an axial direction. The protection and the captaincy of this joint are limited by its great mobility. The investigations show that signs of an increased load pressure are frequently found in the joints that also show degenerative changes. As a morphological sign of the force transmission, distinct spongious trabecles are formed perpendicularly to the articular circumference in those ulnar heads that show a stolid angle between their articular facets. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the individuality of the morphological data only qualitative statements can be made both the predominant shapes of the ulnar head, in particular about the loading of its articular surfaces. The angle between its two articular facets influences the force transmission through the radio-ulnar joint as well as the spongious architecture of the subchondral bone of the ulnar head.

Aged↗