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Results for “Pupil Disorders”

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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

The bedside and office neuro-ophthalmology examination.

The neuro-ophthalmologic examination provides an enormous amount of information about the 40% of fibers that provide afferent and efferent limbs of the visual, pupillary, and ocular motor pathways. A few tools and the correct testing approach will maximize the value of this examination. This chapter provides step-by-step examination methods and points out some of the common errors that are made.

Color Perception↗
PubMed1992

Neuro-ophthalmology.

The anatomy, neurophysiology, semiology, and pathology of the pupillary reflexes are reviewed. Recent advances in the demonstration of midbrain pathways projecting to and from the Edinger-Westphal (EW) nucleus are discussed. Observations of the pupillary diameter and reflexes in premature infants can be helpful in the diagnosis of neurological disorders. A relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) without visual disturbances can be suggestive of midbrain lesions. Automated pupil perimetry is proposed as an objective method for the evaluation of the visual field. Tonic pupil, the pupil in diabetics, and blue-cone monochromatism are also discussed.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1991

Associated neurologic and ophthalmologic findings in congenital oculomotor nerve palsy.

Unlike acquired oculomotor nerve palsy in childhood, the congenital form is usually considered to be an isolated disorder, not associated with other neurologic or systemic disease. In a series of 14 patients with this diagnosis, 10 had associated neurologic disorders. Clinical-neuroradiologic correlation identified the brainstem as the site of the lesion in some patients. The ipsilateral pupil was involved in 12 patients and was miotic with a trace or no reaction to light on the side of the palsy in 8 of the 12 patients. In two of these eight patients, the pupil was documented to be dilated and fixed in early infancy and subsequently became miotic at several months of age, concurrent with emergence of other signs of aberrant reinnervation. Pupillary miosis as a result of aberrant reinnervation appears to be much more frequent after congenital than acquired pupillary-involving oculomotor palsy. Four patients showed better visual acuity in the paretic eye, an unexpected finding. The paretic eye appeared to have a fixational advantage if the patient had nystagmus, presumably due to asymmetric dampening of the nystagmus. Significant anisometropia and astigmatic errors in the paretic eye were present in essentially all patients.

Adolescent↗