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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Measurement Accuracy of the Electrosensitive Protective Device Response Time When Using the Double Penetration Method.

The Double Penetration Method (DPM) method of measuring ESPD (Electrosensitive Protective Device) response time was presented by Dzwiarek (1997). Calibrating the measuring equipment is a crucial stage of the procedure. Experimental verification of theoretical predictions is also crucial. For calibration purposes, a device simulating real ESPD operation thus enabling a correct setting of the response time was designed (Dzwiarek, 1997). Theoretical analysis has shown that measuring ESPD response time with the DPM is subject to localisation errors made in the localisation of the detection zone border, rod position measurement errors made during highspeed penetration, and time delay measurement errors. The values of all those components of the total error have been determined experimentally using the calibrating device. Measurements have been taken under conditions as close to real ones as possible proving that the total measurement error is really enclosed within the assumed limits.

Electrosensitive Protective Devices↗
PubMed1984

Physiological effects associated with the use of respiratory protective devices. A review.

Several types of filtering (air-purifying) devices, air-line (supplied-air) apparatus, and self-contained breathing apparatus are used at work. The most important parameters of the respiratory protective devices that affect physical work capacity are additional inspiratory and expiratory breathing resistance, dead space, and weight. The main physiological effects of the respirators are alterations in breathing pattern, hypoventilation, retention of carbon dioxide, and increase in the work of breathing. The undesirable effects are accentuated during heavy physical work, maximal physical work capacity thereby being reduced.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2006

Dysfunctional thinking patterns and immigration status as predictors of hearing protection device usage.

BACKGROUND: There is limited research on the role of dysfunctional/irrational thinking processes and immigration status on hearing protection device (HPD) usage. PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of low frustration tolerance (LFT) and immigration status on HPD usage among employees exposed to hazardous industrial noise. METHODS: A total of 117 Israeli-borns and 80 new immigrants from former Soviet Union completed a questionnaire. The association between HPD usage and barriers to action, self-efficacy, and LFT (accounting for age, years of exposure, and immigration status) were assessed using ordered logistic regression models. RESULTS: LFT was associated negatively (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=.25, 95%; confidence interval [CI]=.15-.41) with HPD usage. Self-efficacy was a modifier (adjusted OR=1.47, 95%; CI=1.34-1.63): the higher the self-efficacy for a given LFT level, the higher the extent of HPD usage. Immigration status was not a significant predictor. CONCLUSIONS: HPD usage is associated with both rational and irrational motivations. The role of LFT in hearing protection should be further investigated.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Distal protection devices during percutaneous coronary and carotid interventions.

Distal embolization of particulate matter complicates percutaneous coronary and peripheral interventions more often than had been recognized until recently. A number of distal protection devices are under development. The PercuSurge GuardWiretrade mark is a balloon occlusion thrombectomy device approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for saphenous vein graft intervention. A number of filter devices utilize an expandable filter mounted on the angioplasty guidewire to facilitate entrapment of particles and safe removal. The Parodi Anti-Emboli Systemtrade mark is an example of a catheter occlusion device that establishes protection by reversing blood flow in the target vessel.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of CO2 accumulation in respiratory protective devices.

A simple mathematical model was developed to grade the results of the fraction of inspiratory CO2 levels in respiratory protective devices (RPDs). Using this model, the level of FiCO2 of two chemical warfare RPDs was monitored during the examination of 54 young male volunteers at rest and exercise. No set of results distributed in a normal Gaussian mode; therefore, parametric statistics could not be used to analyze the group's results. Yet the model allowed simple and insightful evaluation of the results, stressing differences between the similar RPDs. We suggest continued use of the analysis model as a tool for quantitative evaluation of results and further understanding of the respiratory patterns of RPDs.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Usefulness of the protection motivation theory in explaining hearing protection device use among male industrial workers.

The present study examined the usefulness of personal variables: noise annoyance, and components of the protection motivation theory (R. W. Rogers, 1983) along with social-organizational factors in explaining hearing protection device (HPD) use among Israeli manufacturing workers. Participants were 281 men exposed to harmful noise levels for which routine HPD use is required by regulation. In practice, 3 HPD user groups were identified: nonusers (n = 38), occasional users (n = 125), and regular users (n = 118). HPD use was objectively verified. HPD use was primarily related to the personal variables but not to management pressure, coworker pressure, or family support. The most powerful predictors of HPD use were perceived self-efficacy (for long-term HPD use), perceived susceptibility (to hearing loss), and noise annoyance, together explaining 48% of the outcome variance. These findings have implications for interventions aimed at motivating workers to use HPDs regularly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Measurement of the response time of an electrosensitive protective device in the process of its certification.

In the process of testing an electrosensitive protective system, determining its response time is of crucial importance. A unique double penetration method of measuring electrosensitive protective device (ESPD) response time has been worked out in the Central Institute for Labour Protection. In the first step, low speed penetration enables the detection zone border to be localised. In the second step of measurement, the probe is injected at a high speed and response time is measured. Three different ways have been taken for validation of the method: theoretical analysis, calibration of the stand, and taking a series of measurements. The double penetration method enables ESPD response time measurement results to be obtained, the accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of which is satisfactory enough to be assessed objectively.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1993

The effect of evaporative cooling of respiratory protective devices on skin temperature, thermal sensation, and comfort.

High skin temperature of the face is a major source of discomfort while wearing respiratory protective devices. In this paper theoretical considerations of thermal exchange between the face and the environment with and without a mask are discussed to elucidate factors that may improve the design of masks to increase their acceptability. Comfort thresholds have been related to skin temperature for both resting and exercising subjects. Skin temperature below 34.5 degrees C at rest, and 31 degrees C during exercise, is rated as comfortable. In a previous study it was determined that evaporative cooling could reduce skin temperature and decrease discomfort in a dummy mask. In the present study evaporative cooling of a more sophisticated dummy mask and a modified Scott model 66 twin-cartridge respirator was tested in resting and exercising subjects. Skin temperature was significantly reduced when wet felt covered the surface of both masks and at rest the masks were rated as significantly more comfortable than with dry felt on the outer surface. It is concluded that evaporative cooling of an existing face mask can reduce skin temperature to the comfort threshold in resting subjects. Data suggest that similar results are attainable for exercising subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Shock attenuation of various protective devices for prevention of fall-related injuries of the forearm/hand complex.

BACKGROUND: Attenuation of the peak impact force is essential in any protective devices for prevention of fall-related injuries. HYPOTHESIS: Common wrist guards have limited effectiveness because of the multifaceted nature of wrist injury mechanisms, and other modalities may provide enhanced shock-absorbing functions. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: A free-fall device was constructed using a mechanical surrogate to simulate falling impact. At 4 different falling heights, 5 different hand conditions were tested: bare hand, a generic-brand wrist guard, a Sorbothane glove, an air cell, and an air bladder condition. The impact force from the ground and the transmitted impact force to the forearm/hand complex were simultaneously measured. RESULTS: The falling height and hand condition significantly modulated the impact responses. The padded conditions always had significantly smaller peak impact forces compared with the bare-hand condition. The wrist guard became ineffective in impact force attenuation beyond the falling height of 51 cm. On the other hand, the air bladder condition maintained less than 45% of the peak impact force of the bare-hand condition and remained below the critical value, whereas other conditions were all ineffective. CONCLUSION: It was reconfirmed that common wrist guard design could provide limited impact force attenuation, whereas damped pneumatic springs would provide substantially enhanced shock-absorbing functions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A wrist guard incorporating volar padding with the pneumatic spring design principle might be more effective at preventing injuries than are currently available designs.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1995

Personal aerosol protection devices: caring for victims of exposure.

The increased incidence of violence in our society has led to a concern for personal safety. For self-protection, many individuals are turning to personal aerosol protection devices (PAPDs), which are readily accessible to the general public. The greater use and misuse of these noxious chemicals has led to an increase in injuries associated with exposure. Health care providers need to be aware of the modes of action of PAPDs, the presenting exposure symptoms, first aid measures, and decontamination procedures of the environment and the victim's belongings. This article provides a thorough discussion of PAPDs and will assist the clinician in delivering primary care and health education to victims of PAPD exposures.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2003

Communication in noise with acoustic and electronic hearing protection devices.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate communication ability in noise at two signal presentation levels when using acoustic and electronic hearing protection devices (HPDs). Fourteen normal hearing subjects were fitted binaurally with custom acoustic HPDs (ER-15) and custom electronic HPDs (Starkey SA T9). Probe microphone measurements were obtained on 28 ears for three experimental conditions (open ear, acoustic HPD, electronic HPD) at four input signal levels (60, 70, 80, 90 dB SPL). Also, communication in noise was evaluated for three conditions (open ear, acoustic HPD, electronic HPD) at two input signal levels (75 and 90 dB SPL) using the Hearing In Noise Test. Results indicated significantly greater attenuation as well as significantly better communication in noise for the acoustic HPD. Results also indicated that the electronic HPD failed to attenuate any input signal utilized. Although results of behavioral testing indicated that communication ability in noise was not significantly impacted by varying the signal presentation level when utilizing either HPD, a more salient finding may be that utilization of the electronic HPD may place listeners at risk for temporary or permanent sensorineural hearing loss.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of respiratory protective devices in the control of tuberculosis.

In this comprehensive review, the authors describe various types of respirators and the major issues in their application to TB control, including the degree of protection they offer and cost. Recent recommendations regarding the use of respiratory protective devices also are discussed.

Equipment and Supplies↗
PubMed2005

Deposition and resuspension of selected aerosols particles on electrically charged filter materials for respiratory protective devices.

The primary aim of the study was to analyse the non-steady state of filtration for selected electrostatic filter materials designed for use in respiratory protective devices. The obtained results showed that the filtration process in electrostatic filters was dependent in the main on the following factors: type of the filter material, electrostatic field strength of the material, and the charge of the aerosol. To a lesser degree the filtration process depended on the sign of the charge and the relative humidity of the air. A significant correlation was found between the increase in the penetration and the decrease in breathing resistance while the filter was being loaded. The effect of resuspension (tearing off and re-deposition of dust agglomerates inside the filter) on the filtration process very significant. It was also observed that under certain conditions electrostatic filter materials lost their protection properties.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2003

Using a closed-system protective device to reduce personnel exposure to antineoplastic agents.

Surface contamination with and personnel exposure to antineoplastic agents before and after the implementation of a closed-system protective device were studied. Samples were collected before and six months after implementation of PhaSeal, a closed-system device for limiting exposure to antineoplastic agents during preparation and administration. Personnel exposure was evaluated by collecting 24-hour urine samples from pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and nurses working full-time in a chemotherapy drug infusion center and pharmacy. Surface contamination was assessed by wiping potentially exposed surfaces. Both types of samples were analyzed for cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. All 17 wipe samples collected before implementation of PhaSeal had detectable levels of cyclophosphamide, and 11 were positive for ifosfamide. Six months after system implementation, 7 of 21 wipe samples had detectable levels of cyclophosphamide and 15 were positive for ifosfamide. Of eight employees who provided urine samples, six were positive for cyclophosphamide and two for ifosfamide before implementation, and none were positive for either drug after implementation. The PhaSeal system appeared to reduce exposure of health care personnel to cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide.

Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating↗