[Histologic pulmonary changes after bronchography with a non-water-soluble contrast medium, aqueous dionosil].
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In 1962 Hytrast, an aqueous suspension containing 50% w/v of combined iodine as a mixture of N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-3,5-diiodopyridone-4 and 3,5-diiodopyridone-4, was introduced as a contrast medium for bronchography. Extensive clinical trials had suggested that this agent was superior to products usually employed for this purpose. At the Nova Scotia Sanatorium, Hytrast was used as a bronchographic contrast medium in 31 consecutive cases. For comparison purposes, the records of the first 50 patients in whom another contrast medium, Dionosil Oily, was used were reviewed. In all cases the contrast medium was introduced through a catheter passed into the bronchus with the aid of a laryngeal mirror, after local anesthesia was induced by pontocaine 2%. Experience in this limited number of cases was at variance with most published results. Hytrast was more irritating than Dionosil Oily, had a greater tendency to produce alveolarization, caused more frequent undesirable sequelae, and was retained in the lung for prolonged periods.
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We examined cord motion and cord-spine coupling associated with the axial tension and dorsal impact models of spinal cord injury. In 20 cats, distraction forces up to 15 kg were applied. Five microliters of radiopaque agent was injected into the central cord at C4-C7 (14 cats) and T6-L1 (6 cats) at 2-mm intervals. In 20 cats, 300 g/cm impacts were delivered after injection of contrast at 2-mm intervals from the impact point. Trials were conducted under fluoroscopy. At 5-kg distraction, vertebral motion averaged 2.12 mm and cord motion averaged 1.03 mm (coupling ratio = .49). At 10-kg coupling increased to .75. Between 10 and 15-kg distraction, the amount of increase in cord length slowed, as did the ratio (.59). Differences in length between load groups were significant at most levels, and motion corresponded with histologic injury reported previously. In the thoracolumbar region, minimal spine motion and no cord motion occurred. Spine motion was not seen with dorsal impact although cord motion at 2 mm from impact averaged 1.3 mm/300 g/cm, which decreased away from the impact point. The spinal cord has limited elasticity, which may be related to injury. Because spine and cord motion occur in clinical injury, experimental models need to incorporate this element.
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