Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Prochlorperazine”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Indomethacin, alone and combined with prochlorperazine and caffeine, but not sumatriptan, abolishes peripheral and central sensitization in in vivo models of migraine.

UNLABELLED: Recently it has been proposed that the throbbing pain of migraine is mediated by sensitization of peripheral trigeminovascular neurons, and that cutaneous allodynia of migraine is mediated by sensitization of central trigeminovascular neurons, and, moreover, that the triptans are less effective in aborting a migraine attack if the central sensitization is already established. The combination of indomethacin, prochlorperazine, and caffeine (IndoProCaf) is a drug of well-established use in the acute treatment of migraine. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the 3 active principles of IndoProCaf, alone and combined, compared to sumatriptan, were able to abolish the peripheral sensitization induced by kainic acid and the central sensitization induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) in in vivo models of hyperalgesia. The study showed that indomethacin or IndoProCaf is able to abolish both the kainic acid-induced and the NMDA-induced hyperalgesia. If administered at different times, IndoProCaf was always effective in reversing the kainic acid-induced hyperalgesia. Sumatriptan was not able to reverse either the kainic acid-induced or the NMDA-induced hyperalgesia. The efficacy of indomethacin, alone and combined with prochlorperazine and caffeine, in abolishing peripheral and central sensitization in in vivo models of hyperalgesia is a further explanation of the clinical efficacy of IndoProCaf in the treatment of migraine. PERSPECTIVE: This study suggests that, although triptans were shown to be able to abort migraine attacks only if given before the establishment of cutaneous allodynia and central sensitization, IndoProCaf should be able to abort migraine attacks independently from the time of administration, because it is able to abolish an already established peripheral and central sensitization.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Slow infusion for the prevention of akathisia induced by prochlorperazine: a randomized controlled trial.

The utility of intravenous prochlorperazine (PCZ) in the treatment of nausea, vomiting, and headache may be limited by the akathisia that occurs frequently with the recommended 2-min infusion rate. We tested the hypothesis that decreasing the rate of PCZ infusion to 15 min reduces the incidence of akathisia at 1 hour. This double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in the Emergency Department of an academic tertiary-care medical center with an annual census of 95,000 emergency patient visits. We enrolled a convenience sample of adult patients who received 10 mg i.v. PCZ for the treatment of nausea, vomiting, or headache. Subjects were randomized to receive either a 2-min infusion of PCZ (10 mg) followed by a 15-min infusion of saline, or a 2-min infusion of saline followed by a 15-min infusion of prochlorperazine. The incidence of akathisia at 1 hour was measured by using explicit diagnostic criteria. One hundred sixty patients were randomly enrolled into two groups, which were comparable with respect to age, gender, weight, and complaint. Akathisia developed in 31 of 84 patients (36.9%) who received the 2-min infusion of PCZ and in 18 of 76 patients (23.7%) who received the 15-min infusion of PCZ (p = 0.07), a 36% (95% CI, -5% to 61%) relative reduction. The delta from pre-infusion to postinfusion scores between the two groups was not significant (p = 0.19). We conclude that slowing the rate of PCZ infusion does not decrease akathisia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The effect of metoclopramide and prochlorperazine on the absorption of effervescent paracetamol in migraine.

Antiemetics modify gastric emptying, a rate-limiting step in drug absorption. The absorption of effervescent paracetamol in water solution was studied in three groups of 10 female patients during acute migraine attacks. Paracetamol was preceded 30 min earlier by a rectal dose of metoclopramide, prochlorperazine maleate, or placebo. Each patient was retested with paracetamol when headache-free. Migraine attacks delayed slightly the absorption of paracetamol solution. Prior administration of rectal prochlorperazine had a minor delaying effect on paracetamol absorption. The peak concentration, the time to reach the peak, and the area under the time-concentration curve from 0 to 6 h of paracetamol were similar with the three treatments.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1979

Superiority of nabilone over prochlorperazine as an antiemetic in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy.

Two double-blind, crossover trials comparing the antiemetic effectiveness of nabilone, a new synthetic cannabinoid, with that of prochlorperazine were conducted in patients with severe nausea and vomiting associated with anticancer chemotherapy. Of 113 patients evaluated, 90 (80 per cent) responded to nabilone therapy, whereas only 36 (32 per cent) responded to prochlorperazine (P less than 0.001). Complete relief of symptoms was infrequent, occurring only in nine patients (8 per cent) given nabilone. When both drugs were compared, both nausea (P less than 0.01) and vomiting episodes (P less than 0.001) were significantly lower in patients given nabilone. Moreover, patients clearly favored nabilone for continued use (P less than 0.001). Predominant side effects noted by patients were similar for both agents and included somnolence, dry mouth and dizziness but were about twice as frequent and more often severe in patients receiving nabilone. In addition, four patients (3 per cent) taking nabilone had side effects (hallucinations in three, hypotension in one) that required medical attention. Euphoria associated with nabilone was infrequent (16 per cent) and mild.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Antiemetics in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer: a randomized comparison of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and prochlorperazine.

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is an effective antiemetic as compared with placebos in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer. In this study we compared THC with prochlorperazine (compazine) in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial with patients who had failed to benefit from standard antiemetic therapy. Regardless of the emetic activity of the chemotherapeutic agents, there were more complete responses to THC courses (in 36 of 79 courses) than to prochlorperazine (in 16 of 78 courses). Of 25 patients who were treated with both drugs and who expressed a preference, 20 preferred THC (P = 0.005). Among patients under 20 years of age there was a higher proportion of complete responses to THC courses (15 of 20) than among older patients (21 of 59 courses; P = 0.004). Increased food intake occurred more frequently with THC (P = 0.008) and was associated with the presence of a "high." Of 36 THC courses resulting in complete antiemetic responses, 32 were associated with a high. We conclude that THC is an effective antiemetic in many patients who receive chemotherapy for cancer and for whom other antiemetics are ineffective. (N Engl J Med 302:135--138, 1980).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The pharmacokinetics and effects of prochlorperazine in elderly female volunteers.

The pharmacokinetics and effects of prochlorperazine (PCZ) have been studied in six healthy elderly female volunteers in a double-blind placebo-controlled study of 3.125 mg intravenous (IV) and 25 mg oral PCZ. The pharmacokinetics of IV PCZ in elderly subjects appear similar to those previously obtained in young subjects, with a terminal half-life of 7.5 +/- 1.8 h after intravenous dosing. Oral bioavailability was low (14.7 +/- 1.5%). The pharmacological actions of prochlorperazine in elderly people appear to include antidopaminergic (prolactin rise) and anticholinergic (reduced salivary flow) effects. At the dose of PCZ used in this study, no significant haemodynamic or psychomotor changes were observed though there was a trend to prolongation of the movement component of the reaction time.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Superiority of granisetron to dexamethasone plus prochlorperazine in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced emesis.

Trials of selective 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor antagonists have shown excellent antiemetic activity for chemotherapy containing cisplatin when compared with high-dose metoclopramide. There is little information about the efficacy of these new agents for chemotherapy other than for high-dose cisplatin. We performed a double-blind, randomized trial comparing a single dose of the 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor antagonist granisetron (BRL 43694A) as a single intravenous dose with dexamethasone plus prochlorperazine in 152 patients receiving their first course of moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (mainly doxorubicin- and cyclophosphamide-containing combinations). During the first 24 hours, there was a statistically significant advantage for the granisetron group in terms of the prevention of both nausea and emesis. There was no difference in the frequency of reported adverse events. We conclude that granisetron is more effective than dexamethasone plus prochlorperazine in patients who are receiving moderately emetogenic cytotoxic agents.

Antiemetics↗
PubMed1990

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome associated with prochlorperazine.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome occurred in a patient with AIDS being treated with prochlorperazine. We believe this to be the first report of this association. Recognition and specific treatment were delayed in part because of overlap in signs and symptoms of the underlying infectious process. The true incidence of prochlorperazine-induced NMS is unknown, and this reaction may be underrecognized in patients who often have other significant medical illnesses.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Acute oculogyric crisis after administration of prochlorperazine.

We report a case of acute oculogyric crisis due to prochlorperazine administration in a young black woman with a concomitant viral infection. Neuroleptic medications are the most common cause of drug-induced acute dystonic reactions such as oculogyric crisis. Prochlorperazine is an antiemetic agent with a phenothiazine-type chemical structure and is known to cause dystonic reactions. Drug-induced acute dystonic reactions are most common in young adults and in men. Viral infections may also predispose patients to these adverse reactions. Caution is warranted when this drug is used in patients who have other risk factors for an acute dystonic reaction.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Metoclopramide and prochlorperazine do not decrease propofol hypnotic requirements.

One hundred patients scheduled for minor surgery were given either saline, metoclopramide 0.1 mg.kg-1 or 0.2 mg.kg-1, or prochlorperazine 0.1 mg.kg-1 or 0.2 mg.kg-1 before induction of anaesthesia with a fixed rate infusion of propofol. Neither metoclopramide nor prochlorperazine reduced the induction dose of propofol. The possibility that these agents increased the induction dose could not be excluded.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Abortive migraine therapy in the office with dexamethasone and prochlorperazine.

Corticosteroids are commonly used in the abortive therapy of status migrainosus. However, this practice is based more on clinical experience than on published data. At my office, over a period of two years, 108 patients (156 migraine episodes) were treated with intravenous dexamethasone. Most of these patients had prolonged migraines that had resisted other forms of abortive therapy. The first 22 patients (32 migraine episodes) were given 10 mg of dexamethasone over 5 minutes, the next 39 patients (55 migraine episodes) were given 20 mg over 10 minutes, and the last 47 patients (69 migraine episodes) were given 3.5 mg of prochlorperazine over 5 minutes followed by 20 mg of dexamethasone over 10 minutes. Adverse effects were minor and patients with episodic migraines responded more favorably than those with intractable migraines. In the episodic migraine groups, response rates ranged from 80-89%, relapse rates from 29-35%, and remission rates from 57-83%. After the intravenous injections, repetitive oral abortive therapy was often required to treat relapses and secure remission. Adding 3.5 mg of prochlorperazine to 20 mg of intravenous dexamethasone significantly shortened the response time.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Tetrahydrocannabinol vs. prochlorperazine. The effects of two antiemetics on patients undergoing radiotherapy.

The authors tested the effectiveness of orally administered delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) as compared to prochlorperazine for the alleviation of symptoms, such as vomiting and nausea, experienced by patients receiving radiotherapy. The test subjects rated the severity of their illness, as well as the extent of their subsequent moods, their level of concentration, their amount of physical activity, and their desire for social interaction. They chose the drug they preferred and recorded its side effects. The use of THC was slightly more beneficial than the use of prochlorperazine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Lorazepam: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study of a new antiemetic in patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy and prochlorperazine.

Lorazepam was compared to placebo to assess its control of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy and prochlorperazine. The study design was a randomized, double-blind crossover in which three consecutive chemotherapy courses were compared so that each patient acted as his or her own control. Of 107 patients entered, 80 were evaluable for analysis. Lorazepam significantly reduced the severity and duration of nausea, the severity of vomiting, and the number of vomiting episodes when compared to placebo. Anxiety was reduced during lorazepam courses but not significantly when compared to placebo. There was significantly more sedation with lorazepam courses. Overall, patients preferred lorazepam courses although this preference was significant only in the patient subset receiving doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. Lorazepam is a useful adjunct to prochlorperazine in patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Amplification of quinine cardiac effects by the resistance-reversing agent prochlorperazine in falciparum malaria.

The use of reversing agents to overcome drug resistance is a potential new treatment strategy for both malaria and cancer. Laboratory studies have raised questions about the safety of this therapeutic approach, but data in humans are lacking. We therefore assessed the toxic potential of reversing agent therapy in Thai patients receiving quinine (17 mg/kg given over 4.5 hr) for falciparum malaria by serial measurements of the QTc interval, an electrocardiographic (ECG) marker of the effect of quinine. Six patients were randomly assigned to receive intravenous quinine alone while another six received one intramuscular injection of 12.5 mg of the reversing agent prochlorperazine (PC; compazine, stemetil) 2.5 hr after the quinine infusion had begun. Compared with baseline values at 2.5 hr, there was prolongation of the QTc interval 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after PC was injected (P < 0.05) but no further lengthening with quinine alone (P > 0.2). Prochlorperazine alone did not lengthen the QTc interval in six healthy volunteers. Neither total nor free quinine plasma levels increased after PC was injected, suggesting that ECG changes may have been due to PC-induced intracellular accumulation of quinine. Although only minor quinine ECG effects were amplified by the reversing agent PC in this study, resistance-reversing therapy could potentiate more serious drug effects. The possibility that more serious toxic effects could be produced by this therapeutic approach should be investigated further.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of prochlorperazine buccal tablets (Bukatel) and metoclopramide oral tablets in the treatment of acute emesis.

The dizziness associated with vertiginous disorders is often accompanied with nausea and/or vomiting. Antiemetic effect of prochlorperazine (PCZ) is diminished by its low bioavailability owing to a significant gastric and hepatic first pass effect. This effect could be further diminished by likelihood of regurgitation of nauseating patients further limiting the therapeutic effect of oral PCZ. A buccal preparation achieves higher plasma concentrations through direct systemic absorption. In this study buccal prochlorperazine (Bukatel) was compared for its efficacy and tolerability with commonly used metoclopramide. Bukatel was well tolerated and well rated by both patients and investigators with no adverse effects on buccal mucosa and causing less drowsiness and sedation. Results indicate that Bukatel is safe and effective for the treatment of nausea and/or vomiting in patients suffering from vertiginous disorders and could be safely and strongly recommended as an alternative to less bioavailable and indiscriminately used oral metoclopramide tablets.

Administration, Buccal↗
PubMed2000

[Anti-emetic treatment for patients with lung cancer after chemotherapy, and usefulness of prochlorperazine for psychiatric emesis].

Clinical study of cisplatin 80 mg/m2 and other agents was undertaken to determine whether they could prevent psychiatric emesis during chemotherapy in 50 patients with lung cancer. YG character tests revealed that 9 patients had a coupled rightward shift in N (nervous) and I (inferior complex) components, and were classified as emotionally unstable. In these 9 cases, addition of 15 mg prochlorperazine to the preventive combined administration of 3 mg granisetoron, 500 mg methylpredonisolon, and 40 mg metoclopramide decreased the post-chemotherapy psychiatric emesis from 100% in 3 control cases to 16.7% in 6 added cases. In the remaining 41 cases, the preventive combined administration alone was effective. The good control of acute emesis is the first priority in emotionally unstable patients. The addition of prochlorperazine might be a useful therapy for psychiatric emesis induced by anticancer agents in emotionally unstable patients.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Antimicrobial potentiality of a phenothiazine group of antipsychotic drug-prochlorperazine.

The antipsychotic drug, prochlorperazine (Pcp), was tested for its antimicrobial efficacy against 103 strains belonging to both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The drug was found to possess maximum activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae and Shigella spp. Pcp was moderately active against E. coli but most of the strains belonging to Bacillus spp, Klebsiella spp, Salmonella spp and Lactobacillus spp were found to be resistant to this drug. The drug was tested for its mode of antibacterial activity against Shigella dysenteriae 1 and it was found to be bacteriostatic in action. In in vivo studies, Pcp offered significant protection to Swiss albino mice at concentrations of 0.75 micro g/g (P < 0.01) and 1.5 microg/g (P < 0.001) body weight when challenged with 50 median lethal dose of Salmonella typhimurium NCTC 74. Thus the result depicts that prochlorperazine may emerge as a strong antimicrobial drug to replace the conventional antibiotics and to overcome the problem of drug resistance.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

Prochlorperazine and transdermal scopolamine added to a metoclopramide antiemetic regimen. A controlled comparison.

Cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting occurs both acutely and over a prolonged period of time. These symptoms may be incapacitating and are frequently given as a reason to discontinue therapy. We compared prochlorperazine and transdermal scopolamine when added to a standardized metoclopramide antiemetic regimen. Twenty-seven patients receiving cisplatin at 100 mg/m2 were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment arms. Patients were observed during chemotherapy and answered a standard questionnaire 24-26 hours later. Among similar treatment groups no differences were seen regarding the number of emetic events, level of nausea, degree of sedation or overall acceptability of one treatment arm or another. While not superior to prochlorperazine, transdermal scopolamine is a useful antiemetic agent and can be combined with metoclopramide in an attempt to reduce cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting. Further evaluation of this approach is needed.

Administration, Cutaneous↗