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PubMed1979

Microsurgical tubal anastomosis in the rabbit following three types of sterilisation procedure.

The reversibility of Falope ring, Pomeroy and unipolar cautery methods of sterilisation was examined in 30 rabbits. Using microsurgical techniques, an overall pregnancy rate of 56.6% was attained. Reversibility was more readily achieved and resulted in a higher pregnancy rate after Falope ring than Pomeroy or cautery sterilisation. The pregnancy rate after each method of sterilisation seems to correlate with the results obtained for reversal of sterilisation in the human.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

A microlaparoscopic technique for Pomeroy tubal ligation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of performing Pomeroy tubal ligation using microlaparoscopic techniques. METHODS: Thirty-eight consecutive women desiring permanent sterilization underwent laparoscopic Pomeroy tubal ligation using small (2 or 5 mm) transumbilical laparoscopes and secondary midline sites (5 mm and 14 gauge). The procedures were performed under general anesthesia (n = 28) or local anesthesia with conscious sedation (n = 10). RESULTS: The mean operative time +/- standard deviation (SD) in minutes was 33.0 +/- 10.3. The mean recovery time +/- SD in minutes was 104.3 +/- 41.6. There were no operative complications, and no cases required conversion from the microlaparoscopic technique to a traditional method. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the Pomeroy tubal ligation may be performed using microlaparoscopic techniques. Furthermore, in selected cases, this technique can be performed under local anesthesia in an outpatient setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Female sterilization by the vaginal route: a positive reassessment and comparison of 4 tubal occlusion methods.

Over the last 15 years female sterilization by the vaginal route has been abandoned in favour of the abdominal approach via a laparoscope or a suprapubic incision. This was justified when the vaginal route was used for a fimbriectomy or a Pomeroy type of sterilization. The use of tubal occlusion methods designed for the laparoscope has simplified the technique of vaginal sterilization and lowered the morbidity. Four hundred and ninety consecutive cases over an 18-year period are reviewed. Four hundred and eighty five were completed vaginally. The methods used were Pomeroy with catgut, Falope ring, Hulka and Filshie clips. The Filshie clip was the most satisfactory. Vaginal sterilization is suitable for day care. The readmission rate was 1%. There was no case of pelvic infection in 177 clip cases but 5 in 173 where the Pomeroy technique was used. The pregnancy rate was highest with the Hulka clip. The overall rate was 1%. With clip methods strong analgesics were only required in 6% postoperatively and only 14% took any analgesic after returning home; consequently return to normal activities was rapid. The patient's weight was not related to operative difficulty when clips were used so the vaginal route may prove to be the method of choice in the obese. Filshie clip sterilization via the posterior fornix of the vagina could be the most cost-effective method of sterilization available at present. The vaginal route needs reappraisal using contemporary methods of tubal occlusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Pomeroy tubal ligation by laparoscopy and minilaparotomy.

Pomeroy tubal ligation is a widely-used method for surgical female sterilization. A laparoscopic technique of Pomeroy tubal ligation using endoloop sutures is compared with the conventional technique of Pomeroy tubal ligation by minilaparotomy. Forty-four women requiring sterilization were randomly selected for either laparoscopy (n = 24) or minilaparotomy (n = 20). Mean operative time in the laparoscopy group (18.90 +/- 5.56 with a range of 12-35 minutes) was not significantly different from that in the minilaparotomy (23.12 +/- 8.24 with a range of 15-45 minutes) group. In all women, tubal specimens confirmed tubal histology. Both laparoscopy and minilaparotomy procedures may be performed for Pomeroy tubal ligation with minor morbidity. In clinics with appropriate conditions, Pomeroy tubal ligation by laparoscopy may be preferable to minilaparotomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical experience with modified method of tubal ligation].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical results with modified tubal ligation method. METHODS: From 1983 to 1992, 700 cases of modified tubal ligation operation with tubes cut and overlapped were performed in our hospital, and this was compared with 602 cases of Pomeroy's and 502 cases of modified Uchida's method. Patients were followed at 6 months, 2 and 5 years. Pregnancy rates, menstruation disturbances, lower abdominal or back pain, and leucorrhea were observed. RESULTS: Patients with modified tubal ligation method had a pregnancy rate of 0.43%, which was significantly lower than that of Pomeroy's 1.50% (P < 0.05). The modified method group also had few complications. The occurence rate of menorrhage and prolonged bleeding were apparently lower than that of Pomeroy's too (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This modified tubal ligation method is more effective and practicable than Pomeroy's and modified Uchida's method.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Changes in menstrual blood loss after four methods of female tubal sterilization.

One-hundred females requesting tubal sterilization were included in this study. They were enrolled into 4 groups, each n = 25. They were allocated to a particular method of sterilization on a randomized basis. The four modalities used were: laparoscopic Falope ring application, bipolar electrocoagulation, Hulka clip application and Pomeroy tubal ligation via minilaparotomy. The menstrual blood loss (MBL) was quantitatively estimated, using the alkaline hematin method, prior to sterilization and after 3, 6 and 12 months. No significant changes in MBL were observed after the four sterilization techniques. Moreover, they did not differ significantly in this context.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Microsurgical reversal of sterilization: a six-year study.

A prospective study of 113 personal consecutive microsurgical reversals of female sterilization during the 6-year period from 1979 to 1984 was carried out to determine factors affecting the pregnancy rate. The sterilizations were performed by laparoscopic unipolar coagulation in 54% of the patients, by the Pomeroy technique in 28%, by fimbriectomy in 8%, by the Irving operation in 5%, and by clips or rings in 4%. In the group with no minimum follow-up period, 50% had intrauterine pregnancies and 5% had ectopic gestations. Eighty-nine patients had at least 12 months of follow-up after reversal surgery. This group is studied in detail. Factors affecting the pregnancy rate were length of tube, type of sterilization performed, anastomotic site, and availability of both tubes for reconstruction. Age, parity, and interval from sterilization to reversal surgery did not affect the pregnancy rate. Fifty percent of the intrauterine pregnancies were conceived within 6 months of reversal surgery.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1996

Five Methods of Tubal Sterilization

We prospectively compared five methods of interval tubal sterilization: minilaparotomy Pomeroy (ML), laparoscopic coagulation (C), laparoscopic Falope ring (FR), laparoscopic Pomeroy with endoloops (E), and laparoscopic Hulka clip (H). The 114 women undergoing interval sterilization were interviewed by nurses using a structured data-abstraction instrument immediately postoperatively, and 24 hours and 2 weeks postoperatively to compare pain, vomiting episodes, overall satisfaction with the surgical experience, and time to resuming activities. Operating time, time in the recovery room, and cost of medical supplies also were compared. The measured variables were evaluated for significance by analysis of variance and Bonferroni's correction for multiple comparisons. Significant differences were found for postoperative pain (p = 0.01) between FR (6.96 &plusmn; 2.91) and C (4.36 &plusmn; 3.51); time in the recovery room (p <0.001) between ML (271.87 &plusmn; 57.95) and H (162.78 &plusmn; 48.79), FR (161.80 &plusmn; 47.78), and C (138.06 &plusmn; 41.77); and cost of surgical supplies (p <0.001) between E ($352.73 &plusmn; 42.76) and H ($133.28 &plusmn; 82.90), C ($131.09 &plusmn; 59.06), FR ($125.00 &plusmn; 72.98), and ML ($64.79 &plusmn; 14.07). It may be concluded that the cost of medical equipment used in laparoscopic Pomeroy ligation (and other variations of so-called pelviscopic sterilization) with endoloops is significantly greater than that of the other four methods, and that immediate postoperative pain is greater with the Falope ring than with tubal coagulation.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in menstrual blood loss and libido after different methods of tubal ligation.

A study was carried out to investigate the menstrual blood loss and changes in sexual life following two methods of tubal sterilization, the Pomeroy procedure and fimbriectomy, as compared with a control group having undergone Cesarean section alone. Results support the approach that hysterectomy be performed in older women, over the age of 40, and fimbriectomy in younger patients, in whom further pregnancy or reanastomosis of the Fallopian tube is absolutely contraindicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Laparoscopic and minilaparotomy female sterilisation compared in 15 167 cases.

Three methods of female sterilisation were compared in data from 23 countries: laparoscopy with occlusion by the tubal ring (7053 cases), minilaparotomy with occlusion by the tubal ring (3033 cases), and minilaparotomy with occlusion by the modified Pomeroy technique (5081 cases). The 12-month failure rate was 0.60 per 100 women for laparoscopy/ring and 0.30 per 100 women for minilaparotomy/Pomeroy. The surgical complication rate for laparoscopy/ring (2.04%) was more than twice that for minilaparotomy/Pomeroy (0.79%). The technical failure rate of minilaparotomy/Pomeroy was twice that of laparoscopy/ring, but the complication and method-failure rates were much lower. Failure and complication rates with minilaparotomy/ring were intermediate. For many women seeking sterilisation, a minilaparotomy procedure will be preferable to a laparoscopy procedure.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Prospective study of the pituitary-ovarian function after tubal sterilization by the Pomeroy or Uchida techniques.

Surgical sterilization has become one of the most widely used methods of fertility regulation in the world. A common concern is the not yet clarified possible disturbance of the ovarian function resulting from the surgical procedure. A prospective study was carried out to contribute toward answering this question. Twenty subjects were enrolled in a longitudinal study of ovarian endocrine function before, and 2 and 6 months after, tubal ligation. The Pomeroy technique, which may compromise ovarian circulation, and the Uchida technique, which is free of this risk, were used randomly. Eight women who underwent to the Pomeroy technique and 9 who underwent the Uchida technique completed the protocol. Luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, and progesterone were measured daily from days 10 through 18 of the cycle and every other day until the onset of the next menses. No change in any of the hormones studied was observed, with the exception of a significant increase in progesterone 2 months after tubal ligation by the Uchida technique.

Female↗
PubMed1976

Indirect fluorescent antibody test for the diagnosis of coronaviral enteritis of turkeys (bluecomb).

Frozen sections of intestine obtained from experimentally infected embryos were satisfactory as a suitable antigen in the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test for detection of antibodies to turkey coronaviral enteritis (TCE). Antibodies were detected in infected turkeys at 14 days after infection and persisted for at least 107 days when the 1st experiment was concluded. Antibodies were also detected in infected turkeys at 9 days after infection and persisted for at least 160 days when the 2nd experiment was terminated. The IFA test may be of value as a rapid and economical screening method for TCE antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Cryopreservation of transgenic mice.

Advances in cryopreservation enable one to freeze embryos without the use of a programmable freezing machine or complex protocols. These methods achieve high rates of survival when mouse embryos are frozen. Understanding the factors that influence the survival of cryopreserved embryos can aid troubleshooting and in adapting freezing strategies from mice to other species. Frozen stocks of transgenics can be maintained indefinitely in liquid nitrogen. Cryopreservation of these valuable animals not only protects them from environmental catastrophes, but also is an economical method of storing lines for future detailed analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Microsatellite variation in grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) shows evidence of genetic differentiation between two British breeding colonies.

Eight highly variable microsatellite loci were used to examine the genetic variability and differentiation of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) at two widely spaced British breeding colonies. Samples were collected from adults and pups on the island of North Rona, off the north-west coast of Scotland, and on the Isle of May, situated at the mouth of the Firth of Forth on the east coast. Highly significant differences in allele frequencies between these two sites were found for all eight loci, indicating considerable genetic differentiation. Thus, although grey seals are known to range over very large areas outside the breeding season, site fidelity of adults and philopatry of pups for these breeding colonies must be sufficiently common to have effects, through genetic drift, at the sub-population level. Migration rate was estimated using Wright's fixation index (FST), Slatkin's private alleles model and the new statistic, RST, which is analogous to FST but which takes into account the process of microsatellite mutation. An almost 8-fold discrepancy between the values we obtained provides cautionary evidence that microsatellite loci may contravene one or more of the assumptions on which these methods are based.

Alleles↗
PubMed1992

A technique for laparoscopic pomeroy tubal ligation with endoloop sutures.

A laparoscopic technique of Pomeroy tubal ligation using endoloop sutures was compared with the conventional technique of laparoscopic tubal ligation with Silastic rings. Fifty-three patients selected from a population undergoing tubal ligation were randomized to either the Pomeroy (N = 28) or ring (N = 25) group. Mean (+/- standard deviation) operative time for the Pomeroy group was 27.39 +/- 5.95 minutes, with a range of 18-40; for the ring group, the time was 23.11 +/- 11.53 minutes, with a range of 12-58. These times were not statistically different. Operative complication were encountered only in the ring group and included two lacerations of the mesosalpinx. There were no technical or method failures over a follow-up interval of 12-18 months. Specimens confirmed tubal histology in all cases in the Pomeroy group. Laparoscopic Pomeroy tubal ligation using endoloop sutures was easily performed, comparable to laparoscopic application of Silastic rings, and provided a surgical specimen to confirm tubal histology. This aspect may represent a medicolegal advantage of documentation not available with other laparoscopic techniques of tubal ligation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Microdistribution of immature African blackflies resulting from water velocity and turbulence preferences.

1. The velocity preferences of larval and pupal blackflies were studied experimentally by comparing the colonization of plastic strings placed in different velocity ranges; and also by investigating the simuliid microdistribution under natural conditions in the river. This required a novel method described for taking spot measurements of water velocity. 2. Simulium mcmahoni de Meillon, S. hirsutum Pomeroy and S. cervicornutum Pomeroy were most abundant in slow velocities (0.3-1.0 m s-1), S. colasbelcouri Grenier & Ovazza and S. hargreavesi Gibbins preferred 1.1-1.8 m s-1, S. squamosum Enderlein and S. vorax Pomeroy 1.9-2.2 m s-1. 3. The larvae of S. hargreavesi and S. cervicornutum preferred a higher velocity range compared with their pupae. 4. In moderate velocities (1.1-1.4 m s-1), the abundance of S. hargreavesi was greater under turbulent conditions than in smooth-flowing water, but this was reversed at very high velocities (2.3-2.6 m s-1). 5. Velocity had no apparent effect on substrate preference when substrates of different flexibilities were compared for three blackfly species. All avoided the most flexible substrates and preferred ones consisting of rigid articulating plates. Anisopteran predators were found to have a similar substrate choice.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sterilization--where are we and what do we want?].

According to the estimation from the mid-eighties, about 135 million people were sterilized, 95 million females and 40 million males. In 1977, sterilization was legalized in Slovenia, in 1978 in Croatia. In the period from 1978 to 1989, 4,503 females and 654 males were sterilized in Slovenia. The majority of female sterilizations were performed in the interval and post partum (the third cesarean section), applying laparoscopy or mini-laparotomy according to Pomeroy, in some cases the obsolete Madlener technique, while vasectomies were performed by using the standard method. The accurate statistical data on complications are not available but are estimated to be minimal. Requests for a tubal or seminal duct reconstruction have been exceptional. With a higher number of sterilizations the incidence of induced abortions in women at the age of more than 35 years would be reduced and the use of contraception would be increased. Yugoslavia, besides Albania and the Soviet Union, was the last to resort to contraceptives.

Female↗