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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Video filming and pollution measurement as a teaching aid in reducing exposure to airborne pollutants.

A method called PIMEX has been developed for investigation of the causes of exposure to airborne pollutants at workplaces. The method involves measurement of the subject's exposure with a personal, direct-reading instrument. The sampling signal is transmitted by telemetry to a special video mixer. A video camera is also connected to the video mixer. The camera is used for filming the subject. The video mixer's output signal is fed to a monitor which continuously shows how the subject works and how exposure varies. The method has been used for producing two films on the causes of exposure to solvent and effective measures for reducing exposure: one deals with screen printing and the other with surface treatment at wood-processing plants. The films have been shown at a large number of workplaces at discussions about workplace conditions, proving useful tools in efforts to reduce workplace risks and giving rise to concrete measures and increased interest in the workplace environment.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1977

The reduction of pollution. A simple approach to the reduction of pollution in the dental operating theatre.

This paper describes the construction and evaluation of a simple anti-pollution device for use with the McKesson nasal mask for dental anaesthesia. The device is attached to the expiratory valve of the mask and spilled halothane vapour is adsorbed onto activated charcoal. In theatre use, comparing similar dental anaesthesia sessions, it resulted in a reduction of approximately 78% in the mean halothane concentration (vol./vol.) at a point equidistant from the expiratory valve as the faces of surgeon and anaesthetist. This percentage reduction was consistent with the weight gained by the activated charcoal container (Cardiff 'Aldasorber') compared with the weight of halothane vapourised.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed2004

Studies on photochemical reactions of air pollutants. XIV.Photooxidation of sulfur dioxide in air by various air pollutants.

Upon exposure to sunlight, or to artificial light at wavelengths longer than 290 nm, sulfur dioxide in air underwent oxidation to give sulfur trioxide in the presence of air pollutants such as biacetyl (2,3-butanedione), benzaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide, but not in their absence. Only nitrogen dioxide completely oxidized sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2001

Water treatment by TiO2 photocatalysis and/or ultrasound: degradations of phenyltrifluoromethylketone, a trifluoroacetic-acid-forming pollutant, and octan-1 -ol, a very hydrophobic pollutant.

TiO2 photocatalysis and ultrasound are advanced oxidation processes for water treatment. Our study aimed at showing, via the purposely chosen title compounds, that these techniques can be complementary. For C6H5COCF3 (PTMK), the photocatalytic removal rate was higher than the ultrasonic (515 kHz) removal rate in the presence of TiO2 in the dark, whereas it was the opposite for octan-1-ol under the conditions employed. Simultaneous UV and ultrasound irradiation of the TiO2 suspension led, for PTMK, to a removal rate about equal to the sum of the removal rates observed for separate irradiations, and decreased by a factor of approximately 20% for octan- 1 -ol as if the photocatalytic degradation was suppressed by the dominant distribution of octan-1-ol to the cavitation bubbles. This distribution was substantiated by the large detrimental effect of octan- 1-ol on the PTMK ultrasonic removal rate. The concurrent use of both techniques allowed a faster removal of both pollutants in binary mixtures. The amount of CF3COOH from PTMK was approximately eight times lower in sonicated, than in UV-irradiated, TiO2 suspensions. Several intermediate products showed the occurrence of chemical transformations occurring in and/or on the cavitation bubbles. COD decline and CO2 formation were initially higher for ultrasonic than for photocatalytic treatment. However, complete mineralization (except for CF3COOH) was achieved more rapidly by photocatalysis and even more rapidly by simultaneous use of both techniques.

1-Octanol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quality assessment of air pollutants concentration in epidemiologic time series on short-term effects of pollution on health].

Meta-analyses of short-term effect of air pollution use environmental exposure measurements defined as the concentration average between selected monitors. A simple quality index, Pearson's correlation coefficient between each pair of monitors, has been used in sensitivity analyses and meta-regression. To better characterize the degree of homogeneity in population exposure we propose to use Lin's concordance coefficient and the correlation coefficient between the difference and the average of each pair of values. Using simulated data and real data from the city of Rome (1998-2001) and Milan (1996-2002) we identify three conditions responsible of exposure misclassification when averaged concentrations are used in the analysis.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2004

[Organic pollutants biodegradation in micro-polluted water enhanced by ultrasonic].

The effect of ultrasonic on the biotreatment of micro-polluted source water in a membrane bioreactor was studied through contrast experiments between the membrane bioreactor with and without ultrasonic. The results showed that ultrasonic at proper intensity could improve biological activity, increase organic load of the bioreactor, and enhance the removal of organic matters. The study of TTC-DHA of the bacteria and apparent molecular size distribution (AMSD) of organic compounds in the influent and effluent in the contrast experiments further proved that ultrasonic enhanced the bioactivity of the membrane bioreactor. The experiments with ultrasonic at different powers showed that ultrasonic at 10 W enhanced bioactivity most effectively. The effect of ultrasonic changed with running time. It was found that ultrasonic effect could be maintained for 24 hours, so the interval of ultrasonic treatment could be set at 24 hours. The mechanism of biological activity enhancement by ultrasonic was also investigated.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed2005

Particulate air pollution and nonfatal cardiac events. Part I. Air pollution, personal activities, and onset of myocardial infarction in a case-crossover study.

We conducted a prospective case-crossover study to assess the association of particulate air pollution with onset of nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI). Patients who had survived MIs between February 1999 and July 2001 were identified based on the Coronary Event Registry in Augsburg, Southern Germany. The study included 851 MI subjects with known date and time of MI who had survived the first 24 hours and had completed the Registry's standard interview. Of these subjects, 691 provided case and control information for subject-specific MI triggers collected by a diary assessing the 4 days before symptom onset. The exposures of interest were the total number concentration (TNC) of particles as an indicator for ultrafine particles and the mass of particles with an aerodynamic diameter no larger than 2.5 microm (PM2.5). We conducted conditional logistic regression analyses using different control-selection strategies in a case-crossover approach, and Poisson regression analyses of the time-series data.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1993

Clinical ecology and its role in diagnosis of chronic diseases caused by environmental pollution. Indoor air pollution as a major factor.

The author discusses the four basic principles of clinical ecology, which include total load, such as exposure to chemicals, effects of physical factors (cold, heat, positive ions, radiation), exposure to bacteria, viruses and fungi, effects of consumed foods and psychological stress. Adaptation is discussed in detail as it pertains to chronic degenerative disease and chemical sensitivity. Lack of understanding of adaptive phenomena leads contemporary physicians to prescribe drugs instead of finding and eliminating the cause of disease to alleviate suffering. Body response to environmental stimuli during adaptive processes is biphasic in nature and is characterized by stimulatory and withdrawal reactions. Symptoms developed during these phases are described in detail. Effects of foods and chemicals on patients' health should be examined and considered before excluding in favour of idiopathic, mental or psychosomatic disturbances. In order to understand the variety of symptoms and signs developed during the process of degenerative disease one has to accept and apply the concept of biological individuality. Each patient should be assessed and dealt with carefully since each represents a unique clinical picture. The author further on discusses indoor air pollution, its causes and effects on health. Particular emphasis is placed on the indoor use of pesticides in the Canadian setting. Four groups of population have been defined as the result of exposure to chemicals and are discussed in brief. The author concludes with a comparison of traditional and environmental medicine in respect to history taking, the stage at which disease is diagnosed, the patient's viewpoint, specialization and therapies.

Adaptation, Physiological↗