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PubMed1983

In vitro activity of U-57930E against anaerobic bacteria and its comparison with clindamycin, ampicillin, carbenicillin and tetracycline.

The in vitro activity of U-57930E, a pipecolic acid amide of clindamycin, was compared with those of clindamycin, ampicillin, carbenicillin and tetracycline against 321 anaerobic clinical isolates. The MIC (micrograms/ml) of U-57930E that inhibited 95% Bacteroides fragilis, Peptococcus prevotii, B. melaninogenicus and P. asaccharolyticus was 0.0625; 0.03125 for Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, B. vulgatus, Propionibacterium and Peptococcus species. Clindamycin, on the other hand, gave MIC values of 0.5 microgram/ml for B. fragilis, P. prevotii and P. asaccharolyticus, 0.25 for Propionibacterium sp. All strains of Clostridium perfringens were inhibited by 0.5 microgram/ml of U-57930E. Both clindamycin and U-57930E showed similar MIC values for all strains of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Propionibacterium acnes tested. The MIC values for ampicillin, carbenicillin and tetracycline were within the expected range. U-57930E had a 4 approximately 8 fold lower MIC than clindamycin and is significantly active against anaerobic bacteria.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1984

[In vitro activity and clinical evaluation of ceftriaxone in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

In vitro activity of ceftriaxone (CTRX) was examined by agar plates dilution method against 398 strains isolated from the infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. MIC90 of CTRX against Staphylococcus (107 strains), E. coli (54 strains), K. pneumoniae (27 strains), Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus (106 strains) and Bacteroides (104 strains) was more than 100 micrograms/ml, less than 0.20 micrograms/ml, less than 0.20 micrograms/ml, 6.25 micrograms/ml and 50 micrograms/ml, respectively. The concentrations of CTRX 16.9 hours after 1 hour intravenous drip infusion with 1 g were 46.2 micrograms/ml in the uterine artery, 48.0 micrograms/ml in the cubital vein, 11.0 micrograms/g in the endometrium, myometrium and cervix uteri, and 14.0 micrograms/g in the portio vaginalis. These concentrations of CTRX in the serum and uterine tissues were higher than the level required to inhibit 90% of the strains of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus, isolated from the infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Clinical efficacy of CTRX was evaluated in 7 cases consisting of 2 with puerperal fever and one each with puerperal intrauterine infection, intrauterine infection, pyometra, adnexitis and Bartholin's abscess. Clinical and bacteriological efficacies were seen in 6 and 4 cases, respectively. Neither noteworthy adverse reactions nor laboratory abnormalities were observed throughout this study.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Bacteriological and clinical evaluation of piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

In vitro activity of piperacillin (PIPC) against 150 recent clinical isolates from obstetric and gynecologic infections was performed in comparison with sulbenicillin (SBPC), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefotiam (CTM) and cefsulodin (CFS). At 6.25 micrograms/ml PIPC inhibited 93% of S. epidermidis, 86% of S. faecalis, 67% of E. coli and 80% of Klebsiella. At 0.2 microgram/ml PIPC inhibited 100% of Peptococcus, 73% of Peptostreptococcus and 100% of B. melaninogenicus group. At 3.13 micrograms/ml PIPC inhibited 71% of B. fragilis 9 strains, B. distasonis 3 strains, B. thetaiotaomicron 1 strain, B. ovatus 1 strain. PIPC was constantly more active than SBPC, and it was especially more active against S. faecalis, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus and B. melaninogenicus group than other antibiotics. These findings show that PIPC is a broad spectrum penicillin against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms including anaerobic organisms. PIPC was administered to 5 patients intravenously and all cases proved to be effective. No side effects and no abnormalities in laboratory findings were observed. These results suggest that PIPC may be highly effective in the treatment of bacterial infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Bacteriostatic activity of apalcillin on Gram-negative bacilli and strict anaerobic bacteria. Multicenter study].

This work reports a multicenter study of the bacteriostatic activity of apalcillin, a new N-acyl-penicillin, against 1 827 clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli and obligate anaerobes. The modal minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for susceptible strains are (mg/l) : Salmonella-Shigella : 1 ; E. coli : 0.5-2 ; Klebsiella : 4 ; Citrobacter : 1-2 ; Enterobacter : 2 ; Serratia : 8 ; Proteus-Providencia : 1 ; Acinetobacter : 1-4 ; P. aeruginosa : 2 ; H. influenzae : 0.06 ; C. perfringens : 0.03-01 ; Peptococcus : 0.2 ; B. fragilis : 16. Against Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter, apalcillin is as active as mezlocillin and piperacillin, and much more than carbenicillin. Against P. aeruginosa, apalcillin is the most active penicillin : 2 to 16 fold more active than azlocillin and piperacillin, and 2 to 128 fold more active than ticarcillin. Against H. influenzae, C. perfringens and Peptococcus, apalcillin has MICs similar to those of other N-acyl penicillins, and inferior to those of carboxypenicillins . Apalcillin, as other penicillins, is poorly active against B. fragilis.

Ampicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Direct quantitative determination of acidic end products in clinical specimens for presumptive diagnosis of anaerobic infections.

Acidic metabolic products determined directly in clinical specimens of 51 anaerobic and 12 aerobic infections by quantitative gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) were correlated with the bacteriologic findings. The presence of appreciable amounts of succinic acid, more than 1 microM per ml, propionic and isovaleric acid, at concentrations not exceeding 3 microM per ml, was strong evidence for Bacteroides fragilis infections. When isobutyric acid was also detected, a B. melaninogenicus infection could be presumed. However, the presence of other anaerobes or aerobes could not be excluded. The presence of Clostridium spp. could also be presumed by the detection of butyric acid at a concentration greater than 4 microM per ml and of acetic, propionic and isobutyric acid at relatively high concentrations. In specimens from aerobic infections, no other acid except acetic and lactic acid could be detected. Our data also show that quantitative GLC is not valid in Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus spp. infections except in some cases where Peptococcus alone or together with aerobic organisms are found.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1982

[The effect of tinidazole on the anaerobic bacterial flora in patients undergoing gynecological surgery].

The various effects have been examined against the anaerobes by administering tinidazole when the operations of gynecology and obstetrics and the following results were obtained. 1. The serum concentrations after the single administration of 1,000 mg of TDZ showed 56.6 micrograms/ml of the peak value (3 hours) and 27.7 micrograms/ml of 24 hours value, and the antibacterial potency was maintained for a long duration. The concentration in the vaginal secretions was 21.8 micrograms/tampon within 24 hours. 2. The detections of anaerobes were made in 74 cases, before the administration, with the results of 1 case alone and 73 cases mixed with aerobes, 10 species and 133 strains being detected, which comprise 33 cases with 1 species, 27 cases with 2 species mixed, 10 cases with 3 species mixed and 4 cases with 4 species mixed. The main species detected were Bacteroides fragilis in 46 strains (34.6%), Peptostreptococcus spp. in 31 strains (23.3%) and Peptococcus spp. in 26 strains (19.5%). 3. The MIC values of the detected bacteria to the TDZ centered upon 0.78 micrograms/ml for Bacteroides fragilis, 3.13 micrograms/ml for Peptococcus spp. and 0.78 micrograms/ml for Peptostreptococcus spp. and those of the others were low, a lot of those being of sensitive strains. 4. The bacteriological effects on the anaerobes were, after the medication, observed to be 71.4% and found significantly more effective than 33.3% of natural eradication and decrease observed in the not administered group. 5. Clinically, no anaerobic infections were observed often operation and the therapeutical effects were observed. A little side effect was observed. 6. According to the above-mentioned results, it was observed possible to prevent from the anaerobic infections after operation in gynecology and obstetrics by administration of TDZ.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Bacteriology of chronic otitis media.

Tympanocentesis was performed in 50 patients with chronic otitis media; pus was cultured aerobically and anaerobically. Only aerobes were isolated from 21 patients (42%), three patients had only anaerobes (Peptococcus sp), and 25 patients (50%) had both aerobes and anaerobes. Only one specimen had no growth. There were 68 aerobic isolates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recovered in 36 patients (72%); other aerobes commonly recovered included Proteus sp and Staphylococcus aureus. There were 48 anaerobes isolated. Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci were isolated in 24 instances (21 Peptococcus sp and three Peptostreptococcus sp). Sixteen Bacteroides sp were recovered, including seven B fragilis group and six B melaninogenicus.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Microorganisms isolated from peritonsillar abscess and indicated chemotherapy.

A bacteriologic study was made of 30 patients with peritonsillar abscesses with the use of both aerobic and anaerobic culture procedures. The abscess was punctured and the pus was aspirated by a syringe with an 18-gauge needle. Aerobes and anaerobes were detected in a frequency rate of approximately 1:2. Peptostreptococcus (30.2%), group a streptococci (27.9%), Peptococcus (16.3%), and Fusobacterium (9.3%) were preponderant pathogens. Anaerobic organisms were isolated in 75% of 30 cases. Aside from group A streptococci, anaerobes play a major etiologic role in peritonsillar abscess. Penicillins or cephalosporins will provide maximum chemotherapeutic benefit.

Abscess↗
PubMed1978

Recurrent acute suppurative thyroiditis.

Two patients had two recurrent episodes each of acute suppurative thyroiditis. Circulating concentrations of plasma thyrotrophin, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine were within the range of normal. Antibodies to thyroid microsome or thyroglobulin were not found. Anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus, and Peptococcus were identified as causative agents, indicating that anaerobic organisms may play an important role in the pathologic process. The present cases are the third and fourth reported cases of recurrent acute suppurative thyroiditis in the literature.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Anaerobic bacteremia in children.

Twenty-nine anaerobic isolates were recovered from 28 pediatric patients with anaerobic bacteremia: 14 Bacteroides sp (11 in the B fragilis group); four anaerobic Gram-positive cocci; four Clostridium sp; four Propionibacterium acnes; and three Fusobacterium sp. No aerobic bacteria were isolated from these patients. The gastrointestinal tract was the possible portal of entry in 13 instances, eight of which were due to Bacteroides organisms, four to Clostridium sp, and one to F nucleatum. The ear, sinus, and oropharynx were probable portals of entry in seven instances, four of which were due to Peptococcus sp and two to Fusobacterium sp. Five patients (18%) died; four had bacteremia caused by B fragilis group, and one had bacteremia caused by P acnes. The average duration of antimicrobial therapy was 20 days (range, seven to 72 days). The early recognition and rapid institution of appropriate antimicrobial and surgical therapy are of utmost importance in improving the outcome of these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Anaerobic liver abscess and intrahepatic metastases: a case report and review of the literature.

A patient is described in whom the first recurrence of a cloacogenic carcinoma of the rectum was an intrahepatic metastasis associated with an hepatic abscess caused by the anaerobic bacterium Peptococcus prevotii. Three previously reported cases of infection associated with hepatic tumor nodules have been found in which bacteriologic data were provided, and in all three cases anaerobic bacteria were the primary or only infection organisms. Experimental data exist which document the ability of certain anaerobic bacteria to grow selectively in tumor nodules, but not in the normal tissues of a tumor-bearing host. Since 23% of patients with liver metastases have fever and offer a clinical picture compatible with infection, occult anaerobic infection associated with liver metastases may be more common than previously recognized.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aerobic and anaerobic cervical flora of healthy Thai women.

The bacteriologic study of the cervical flora in 50 healthy women revealed that 70% harbored mixed aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Aerobic organisms alone were recovered in 15 women (30%). Polymicrobial organisms were found in all but five women (in these only one aerobe was isolated per patient). The majority of patients had 1-2 anaerobes, with more than two aerobes. The common aerobes were alpha-hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus epidermidis and lactobacilli. The most common anaerobes were Peptococcus asaccharolyticus isolated in 21 women (42%), P prevotii in 13 (26%) and Bacteroides in 10 (20%). These organisms are frequently found in pelvic infection, suggesting the pathogenic potential of the normal flora of the cervix.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1982

The vaginal microbial flora in non-specific vaginitis.

The facultative and strictly anaerobic vaginal microbial flora was investigated in 40 women with non-specific vaginitis and in 40 control women seen in private gynaecological practice. Gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobic gram-negative bacilli, anaerobic gram-negative and gram-positive cocci were all associated with non-specific vaginitis (p less than 0.001), whereas lactobacilli occurred less frequently in non-specific vaginitis than in controls (p less than 0.01). The most common anaerobes were Veillonella parvula, Bacteroides bivius, Bacteroides assaccharolyticus, Bacteroides capillosus and Peptococcus asaccharolyticus. Anaerobic gram-negative curved rods were found in 11% of cases of non-specific vaginitis. A characteristic pattern of short chain organic acids was found on gas liquid chromatographic analysis of vaginal secretions in non-specific vaginitis. A succinate/lactate peak ratio of 0.3 or more was found in 75% of women with non-specific vaginitis (p less than 0.001). Clue cells, a positive amine test, a pH higher than 5.0, and the absence of lactobacilli on a Gram stained vaginal smear strongly correlated with non-specific vaginitis (p less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Vaginal organisms in prepubertal children with and without vulvovaginitis. A vaginoscopic study.

In a prospective clinical and microbiological study covering 67 prepubertal children the vaginal flora of 31 asymptomatic children was compared to 36 children suffering from abnormal vaginal discharge and/or vulvovaginitis. Vaginoscopy was employed to obtain bacteriological specimens without contamination. Swabs were inoculated into prereduced transportmedia (PORT A CUL, BBL) and cultured aerobically and anaerobically. The most prevalent aerobic organisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis. Enterococci and Escherichia coli; the predominant anaerobic bacteria were Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus, Veillonella parvula, Eubacteria, Propionibacterium and Bacteroides species. A similar microbiological pattern was found in both groups, although anaerobes, like Peptococci and Peptostreptococci and Bacteroides species, as well as yeasts, like Candida albicans were significantly more frequent in the group with signs and symptoms. Lactobacilli were less common in this group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Anaerobic bacteria in late infections following orthopedic surgery.

Twelve patients with late anaerobic infection following hip or knee arthroplasty or tibia osteosynthesis are presented. Peptococci (Peptococcus asaccharolyticus, P. magnus, P. prevotii) and peptostreptococci (Peptostreptococcus micros, P. anaerobius, P. parvulus) were present in nine of the cases. Anaerobic gram-positive or -negative rods were found in three cases (Propionibacterium acnes, Actinomyces israelii, and Bacteroides fragilis). Antibodies against the isolated bacteria were detected in sera of nine patients. Anaerobic bacteria seem to be responsible for some of the late reactions that may follow arthroplasty or osteosynthesis.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1975

The bacteriology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease.

The bacteriology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) was studied in 20 patients by simultaneous cul-de-sac, cervical, and blood cultures with aerobic and fastidious anaerobic techniques. Cul-de-sac cultures were positive in 18 of 20 patients, while all 8 normal control subjects yielded negative results (p less than 0.0005, chi-square analysis). Anaerobic bacteria (predominatly Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus) were present in 10 patients (59 per cent), and they were the exclusive isolates in 3 patients. N. gonorrhoeae was isolated only once from the cul-de-sac despite its presence in cervical specimens. There was poor correlation between cul-de-sac and cervical cultures. Cervical cultures yielded a variety of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria with an average of 3.8 organisms per specimen. N. gonorrhoeae was isolated in 13 patients (65 per cent). Only 19 per cent of cervical isolates were recovered by culdocentesis; similarly, only 31 per cent of cul-de-sac isolates were simultaneously isolated from the cervix. Blood cultures were uniformly negative. These data suggest that: (1) culdocentesis is a reliable technique for the bacteriologic diagnosis of acute PID, and (2) whereas the gonococcus may be important in initiating acute PID, its primary role appears to be paving the way for secondary invaders from the normal vaginal flora to gain access to the upper genital tract.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1977

Antimicrobial effect of amniotic fluid against anaerobic bacteria.

Amniotic fluid samples were obtained at term and tested for their antimicrobial effect on anaerobes, Peptostreptococcus (Ps.) anaerobius, Peptococcus (Pc.) prevotii, Bacteroides (B.) fragilis, and B. coagulans with facultative Escherichia (E.) coli serving as control. Amniotic fluid had only temporary bacteriostatic effect on Pc. prevotii and B. fragilis for 8 to 16 hours. This effect lasted for only 8 hours on Ps. anaerobius. On the contrary, the bacteriostatic effect of amniotic fluid was well sustained on E. coli and B. coagulans, lasting for the entire test periods of 20 and 32 hours, respectively. At the end of the time intervals mentioned, Ps. anaerobius, Pc. prevotii, and B. fragilis exhibited logarithmic growth, confirming the earlier reports that it is not nutritionally deficient. Amniotic fluid exhibited temporary bacteriostatic effect on Ps. anaerobius, P. prevotii, and B. fragilis, but this effect was well sustained against B. coagulans.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of Hydrotaea irritans in the transmission of summer mastitis.

A series of experiments to investigate the possible role of the sheep head fly, Hydrotaea irritans, in the transmission of summer mastitis is reported. These showed that the pathogens Actinomyces pyogenes and Peptococcus indolicus may be harboured in the gut of the fly for up to 96 h following a contaminated meal; A. pyogenes survived on the surface of the fly for a similar period. H. irritans fed on the pathogens can contaminate a subsequent meal by regurgitation. However, no infections resulted from repeated exposure of the teats of heifers or cows to H. irritans fed on blood containing A. pyogenes and P. indolicus or on pus from a case of summer mastitis. In these experiments the frequency of feeding of the flies on the teat was high but subsequent bacterial contamination of the teat skin was low. Artificial contamination of the teat skin with greater than 10(6) cfu A. pyogenes led to a low incidence of mastitis even in the absence of cutaneous damage. Repeated applications of lower doses (less than 10(4) cfu) did not produce infection.

Actinomyces↗