Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PRECIPITINS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Anti-pseudomonas-specific precipitins as a marker of chronic infection in patients with cystic fibrosis].

AIMS: The authors underline the characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its methods of action on bronchial mucosa in cystic fibrosis. They then discuss the two concepts of "colonisation" and "chronic infection". METHODS: The level of "infection" was evaluated using an immunoelectrophoretic method involving the precipitation of bands of specific precipitins. A technical description of the method is included. The authors illustrate the use of the method in 78 cases of cystic fibrosis, comparing the positive results obtained using precipitin electrophoresis with the results of direct bacteriological findings. RESULTS: Using the bacteriological criteria, a total of 26.9% of patients were diagnosed as infected, whereas this percentage rose to 32.1% using precipitins. 87.2% of cases were concordant using both methods. CONCLUSIONS: As a practical solution, the authors recommend that the two methods are combined, thus obtaining a marked reduction in the number of false positives with obvious consequences in terms of therapeutic decisions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Studies of urticaria and acute serum sickness with the C1q precipitin test.

The C1q precipitin test was performed in serum samples from five groups of patients: (1) 20 patients with acomplementemic systemic lupus erythematosus glomerulonephritis (SLE), (2) 2 patients with serum sickness due to the administration of horse serum, (3) 2 patients with serum sickness preceding hepatitis B, (4) 50 patients with chronic urticaria, and (5) 30 normal controls. Positive C1q precipitin tests were found in all patients with SLE and the four cases of serum sickness. Positive tests correlated with depressed serum complement (C3 and C4) levels and were found only in the early phase of serum sickness. Urticaria patients uniformly had negative C1q precipitin tests and normal serum complement levels.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Streptococcus group B typing: comparison of counter-immunoelectrophoresis with the precipitin method.

The method of counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) was tested for its applicability to group B streptococcus typing. The results obtained were compared with the typing by the ring precipitin test. Identical antigens and identical hyperimmune typing serum batches had been used in both methods. A large majority of 75 freshly isolated strains were typed identically by both methods. Five strains with a weak antigenic outfit were untypable by the ring precipitin test but were typed by CIE owing to a higher sensitivity of CIE method. Two strains were typable by the precipitin test but not by CIE; an explanation for this phenomenon is lacking. The CIE method in group B typing is specific, rapid, highly sensitive and relatively simple. It requires strict maintenance of standard conditions. The method is economical with respect to manipulation and material, requires small amounts of diagnostic antisera. Potent antisera may be used diluted. Moreover, sera for CIE typing need not be absorbed to remove group B antibodies. CIE method is practicable for group B streptococcus typing, especially in laboratories carrying out routine large scale type identification.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Prognostic value of precipitins for working ability in dairy farmers.

In dairy farmers exposed to the microbes present in hay, precipitating antibodies against these microbes are frequently found regardless of the state of health of the farmer. The prognostic value of these antibodies for the future health and working ability of farmers was studied in a six-year follow-up survey of 292 farmers. During these six years, of the farmers aged 45-59 years in the primary survey, 14 men (22%) and 15 women (22%) had retired or changed occupation because of illness. Among the men, the presence of precipitins was negatively correlated with their working ability reported in the follow-up study. The risk of occupationally disabling respiratory disease was three times higher in men with precipitins against microbes present in mouldy hay than in precipitin-negative farmers of the same age. No similar correlation was found for women.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The immunological response to tobacco antigens in the smoker. I. Specific precipitins against tobacco antigens in the serum of healthy cigarette smokers.

A study on the presence of specific precipitins against tobacco antigens was done in a population of 361 healthy cigrette smokers and in a group of 60 healthy non-smokers. The tests were made by the gel diffusion technique of Ouchterlony using tobacco extract prepared by the Coca method. A positive precipitation reaction was observed in 11.8 per cent of the smokers' sera examined but never in the non-smokers group. The reaction occurred in subjects of both sexes and was neither dependent upon how long they had smoked nor on the number of cigarettes smoked daily. In the authors' opinion, the formation of precipitins against tobacco antigens may be the result of a sensitivity reaction. It is therefore possible that in predisposed individuals immune complexes of precipitins and tobacco antigens may be formed. They could be responsible for some cardiovascular disorders occuring in smokers. In order to confirm such a hypothesis, a study was carried out recently by the authors on a large group of patients suffering from coronary disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Nature and incidence of serum precipitins against aeroallergens in non-atopic individuals.

Thirty-seven (74%) of 50 randomly selected non-atopic individuals gave precipitins against one or more of the seven common aeroallergen extracts surveyed by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. The precipitin lines could be absorbed out by antihuman IgG and homologous extracts, but were not affected by N-acetyl-glucosamine, protein A, heterologous extracts, heating, anti-reactive protein, anti-IgA, or anti-IgM. Our data suggest that the precipitins to allergen extracts are probably IgG3 and are more prevalent than had been previously reported in non-atopic individuals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1965

AGAR-GEL PRECIPITIN-INHIBITION TECHNIQUE FOR C-REACTIVE PROTEIN DETERMINATIONS. II. DEGREE OF SENSITIVITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY.

The agar-gel precipitin-inhibition test (AGPI) for C-reactive protein determinations proved more sensitive than the capillary tube-precipitin procedure. Furthermore, titers of positive CRP sera were obtained by this AGPI technique. This technique was compared with other indices of infectivity, namely, the white blood cell count and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The ease and reproducibility of this recommended test procedure were demonstrated by technicians unfamiliar with this procedure.

Agar↗
PubMed1988

Group-specific and type-specific gel diffusion precipitin tests for bluetongue virus serotype 20 and related viruses.

Using antigens prepared from cell cultures infected by bluetongue (BLU) virus type 20 (BLU-20), and sera from cattle which had recovered from experimental infection by that virus, two distinct precipitin reactions were demonstrated by immunodiffusion. Two distinct gel diffusion precipitin tests were developed based on these reactions. The antigen of one was common to BLU-20 and two other Australian BLU isolates, CSIRO 154 (BLU-21) and CSIRO 156 (BLU-1). It was therefore concluded to be a group-specific test. The antigen of the second appeared to be unique to BLU-20. The test based on this antigen correlated well with the virus neutralization test for BLU-20 and it was therefore concluded to be type-specific. Similar methods applied to a virus of the Palyam (PAL) group demonstrated two precipitin reactions of similar broad (group) and narrow (type) specificity.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Identification of caprine arthritis-encephalitis retrovirus proteins in immunodiffusion precipitin lines.

Precipitin lines formed between serum from a goat infected with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) and radiolabelled viral proteins in polyethylene glycol-concentrated culture medium were excised from immunodiffusion (ID) plates and analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The two major precipitin lines contained the 135 000 mol. wt. glycoprotein (gp 135) and the internal 28 000 mol. wt. structural protein (p28). This method obviates the use of purified proteins or monospecific antisera to positively determine viral constituents in ID precipitin lines formed between a crude antigen preparation and antiserum against whole virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1967

Quantitative Analyses of Certain Enteric Bacteria and Bacterial Extracts: II. Discrimination of Sonic Extracts by Interfacial Densitometry of Precipitin Systems.

Bacterial extracts prepared by ultrasonic disruption were reacted with both narrow- and broad-spectrum reference (homologous) and cross-reacting (heterologous) precipitins produced in rabbits. Quantitation of the reaction was obtained by densitometry of the antigen-antibody interface. Comparisons were made of sonic extracts from various starting populations all equated to the same nitrogen concentrations, and of various nitrogen levels derived from five bacterial population levels prepared separately. Sources of error are probed to show under what circumstances cross-reactions would be of greater magnitude than reference ones. The feasibility was shown of using quantitative densitometry of the interface combined with broadly reacting precipitins to identify bacteria on an intergeneric and interspecies scale. Problems associated with the use of absorbed or monospecific precipitins are explained.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Precipitin response of potato processing workers to work-related microbial allergens.

Serum samples from 61 potato processing workers and 30 urban dwellers not exposed to organic dusts (as a reference group) were examined in agar-gel precipitation test performed by Ouchterlony double diffusion method with the antigens of 12 microorganisms associated with organic dusts. Each serum was tested twice: not concentrated, and three-fold concentrated, for the detection of low levels of precipitins. The antibody response of workers to the antigen of coryneform bacterium Agromyces ramosus was high, at both not concentrated and 3-fold concentrated sera (respectively 29.5% and 45.9%)--significantly greater than in reference group (p < 0.001). Workers' response to the antigens of Gram-negative bacterium Alcaligenes faecalis and thermophilic actinomycete Thermoactinomyces vulgaris was lower (respectively 13.1% and 13.1% at not concentrated sera, 24.6% and 29.5% at 3-fold concentrated sera) but in all cases significantly greater than in reference group (p < 0.05 at not concentrated sera, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 at 3-fold concentrated sera). The frequency of positive precipitin reactions of potato workers to antigen of Penicillium citrinum was high only at 3-fold concentrated sera (55.7%)--significantly higher compared to reference group (p < 0.001). The antibody response of potato workers to other antigens was either unspecific or low, showing no significant difference compared to reference group. Twenty eight out of 61 examined potato processing workers (45.9%) reported the occurrence of the work-related pulmonary symptoms. The frequency of positive precipitin reactions to Agromyces ramosus, Alcaligenes faecalis, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, Penicillium citrinum and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was significantly greater in the subgroup of 28 workers reporting work-related pulmonary symptoms compared to 33 asymptomatic workers (p < 0.05). Study results suggest that antigens of Agromyces ramosus, Alcaligenes faecalis, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and Penicillium citrinum should be considered as potential occupational allergens, probably stimulating an adverse immunopathological reaction in the exposed potato processing workers.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Application of agar-gel precipitin test for the detection of Sendai virus antibody in rat sera.

A simplified agar-gel precipitin test was performed for the detection of Sendai virus antibody in rat sera. A close correlation was observed between detection of antibodies by complement-fixation test and agar-gel precipitin test. No correlation was found between results obtained by hemagglutination-inhibition test and agar-gel precipitin test in sera with HI titer of less than 1:8.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of the agar-gel precipitin test to evaluate broiler breeder and commercial layer flocks for Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection.

In the absence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) isolation, the importance of agar-gel precipitin (AGP) tests along with microhemagglutination-inhibition (mHI) and serum plate agglutination (SPA) tests for the evaluation of poultry flocks for MG infection was demonstrated. A good correlation between AGP, mHI, and SPA tests for the early confirmation of MG in a flock was observed, except for the breeder flocks from which WVU 907 was isolated. The serums of such breeder flocks were positive for SPA and AGP test but negative for the mHI test. Isolation of MG for confirmation of the status of the flock was unsatisfactory in the later stages of infection or when nonpathogenic organisms were present in appreciable numbers. In the absence of MG or M. synoviae (MS) isolation, demonstration of agglutinin, precipitin, and/or mHI antibodies in the serums of such flocks were confirmatory for MG or MS infection. The new isolate WVU 907 gave positive reactions on the SPA and AGP tests with MG antiserum. The isolate hemagglutinated chicken red blood cells (RBC) and induced low HI antibody levels (less than or equal to 1:20) when inoculated into chickens. Like MG, WVU 907 precipitin antigen was partially denatured by urea, Triton x-100, and sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1979

A modified quantitative precipitin test which is rapid, sensitive and reproducible.

A modification of the standard quantitative precipitin test is described. The new procedure, which utilizes polyethylene glycol (PEG) at both the 37 degrees C and 4 degrees C incubation stages, provides a convenient quantitative precipitin test assay which is more reliable and much faster than the standard assay. Moreover, the modified or PEG assay gives a quantitative measure of antibody concentration even when antisera of low titre are tested. The sensitivity of the capillary-tube test is also enhanced when the supernatant solutions contain PEG.

Animals↗
PubMed1968

Cross-reactions among Group A streptococci. I. Precipitin and bactericidal cross-reactions among types 33, 41, 43, 52, and Ross.

Strains of four streptococcal types, 33, 41, 43, 52, and a nontypable strain, Ross, cross-reacted in precipitin and bactericidal tests. The homologous reactions, which determined the type, afforded the major protection and developed promptly and regularly in the serum of rabbits during immunization. The associated cross-reactions, on the other hand, appeared in the serum of certain rabbits only, were often not as strong as the associated homologous reactions, and required for their presence a longer period of immunization than the homologous reactions. Agar gel analysis of the homologous precipitin reactions revealed, as would be expected, reactions of serological identity, while those cross-reactions which were strong enough to test in this way formed bands of precipitate which joined with spur formation on the side of the homologous reaction. These experiments and others referred to in the text suggest that cross-protection, as demonstrated in bactericidal tests, is sufficiently widespread to be a factor in streptococcal immunity, if a corresponding protection occurs in vivo. Thus, streptococcal infection with one of the cross-reacting strains might confer, in addition to strong homologous protection, a certain amount of cross-protection.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1976

Comparative evaluation of the Candida agglutinin test, precipitin test, and germ tube dispersion test in the diagnosis of candidiasis.

Normal sera and sera from burned patients were examined for Candida agglutinin titers, precipitin titers, and the ability to disperse germ tubes of Candida albicans in an attempt to determine whether germ tube dispersion is correlated with Candida infection as animal models have indicated. Other investigators have reported that immunoglobulin G antibody to Candida interferes with a serum clumping factor resulting in germ tube dispersion. Germ tube dispersion in sera from burned patients with varying degrees of Candida infection is significantly greater than that found in uninfected controls. In addition, the germ tube dispersion test indicated the presence of Candida infection in several patients who had clinical evidence of infection but no detectable agglutinins or precipitins.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The immunologic response to tobacco antigens in smokers. III. Type III hypersensitivity skin reactions and specific serum precipitins to four different tobacco extracts in patients suffering from coronary artery disease.

In a population of 70 patients suffering from coronary heart disease (49 smokers and 21 non-smokers) intradermal tests and specific precipitation tests with four different extracts of tobacco were performed. Skin tests with tobacco extracts were positive in 41 smokers and 7 nonsmokers. In both groups the immediate and delayed type reactions were weak and of rather doubtful specificity, while the late type reaction was usually more frequent and stronger in smokers (in 14 patients it was positive with all preparations). Specific precipitins against tobacco antigens were found in the sera of 13 smokers but never in nonsmokers. The positive precipitation test correlated well with the positive late skin reactions to tobacco extracts. Such correlation with Ag 1 was observed in 9 out of 13 patients, with Ag II in four cases, with Ag IV and Ag V in 2 and 2 patients respectively. The coincidence of strongly positive late skin reactions and positive precipitation tests with tobacco extracts seems to indicate that tobacco allergy really exists and resembles, in a number of patients with coronary artery disease, type III hypersensitivity reactions to tobacco antigens. It is postulated that immune complexes of precipitins and tobacco antigens may be formed in some patients and initiate pathological processes in coronary arteries leading to their occlusion.

Adult↗