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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Measurement of lip posture and interaction between lip posture and resting face height.

A method for measurement of lip incompetence is described. Electromyographic techniques were used to obtain relaxation of the muscles of the lip and of a jaw elevator muscle. Standardized photographs were taken of the subject's profile, from which lip separation and face height were measured. Variation was found in successive measurements of lip posture, some of which appeared to depend upon mandibular posture. With the teeth in occlusion, lip separation was reduced. Active maintenance of lip contact by the subject was often associated with a reduction in lower face height, which may have been a direct consequence of the lip muscle activity, or of jaw elevator activity facilitating the lip closure.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Asymmetry of posture and truncal musculature following unilateral arm amputation--a clinical, electromyographic, posture analytical and photogrammetric study].

Unilateral upper limb amputation causes changes in statics of the spine. As a result asymmetrical posture of the spine, muscular asymmetries follow. In this study a population of upper limb amputees (above and below elbow amputees) is examined by clinical, electromyographical analysis and gait analysis. Upper limb amputations cause in correlation to weight loss a shift of the trunk to the side of the amputation, a scoliosis with a bowing to the side of the amputation, an elevation of the shoulder on the amputation side and a torsion of the trunk. Muscular asymmetries result from loss of function (muscles of the arm, M. latissimus, M. trapezius) and by shifting of the center of gravity. In order to get the center of gravity over the legs, the amputee compensates the loss of weight by shifting the upper trunk to the side of the amputation. As a result the shift of the segmental center of gravity at the lumber height to the side of the normal arm with muscular asymmetry in the erector trunci lumbalis results. As well we saw an overactivity of musculus glutaeus medius and resulting stress of the amputation sided hip joint. There was a remarkable difference between above and below elbow amputees caused by differences in weight loss. Muscular and static asymmetries in amputees who lost their arm only a short period before could be reduced by compensating the weight loss. Results for technical orthopaedic fitting and stress on gymnastic procedures to compensate these statistical problems are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Deficit of learning of posture voluntary control in patients with cortical lesions of various locations: cortical mechanisms of posture regulation].

Forty two hemiparetic patients after cerebrovascular accidents were trained to change the position of the center of pressure according to a target on the screen with the visual feedback control. The learning was substantially impaired in comparison with the group of healthy subjects. Patients with the right-hemispheric lesions showed somewhat greater learning deficit than patients with lesions in the left hemisphere. Lesion localization also affected the process of learning. The learning was disturbed to a greater extent in patients with lesions involving not only motor but also premotor and parietal cortical areas. In patients with parieto-temporal lesions the learning reached a very low level after three initial days of training, possibly, because of the deficit of sensory integration and of body scheme in the extra-personal space. Patients with combined lesions of the motor, premotor, and parietal areas showed the lowest results. The learning was shown to depend on the deficit of proprioception and extent of postural disturbances (asymmetry of body weight distribution and amplitude of the center of pressure oscillations) rather than on the extent of motor deficit (paresis and spasticity). However, the learning itself improved some motor disturbances.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed1996

Postural vertigo. Quick relief from the postural vertigo component of vestibular diseases.

Patients who had disorders of the vestibular system with a component of benign postural vertigo as a symptom were studied, using an examination table suitable for the canalith (otolith) repositioning maneuver as described by Epply, followed by lack of recumbency for 48 hours. The patients regularly had resolution or decreased intensity of symptoms, as did those described by Epply. A repeated positioning maneuver may be needed in some of the patients. The application of a vibrator, as previously described has not been found to be essential.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Free and supported stance in Parkinson's disease. The effect of posture and 'postural set' on leg muscle responses to perturbation, and its relation to the severity of the disease.

Upright stance and its reflex control were studied in parkinsonian patients and in age-matched normal subjects. They stood unperturbed on a force-measuring surface (static conditions), or were displaced by movement of a supporting platform (dynamic conditions). During quiet stance the following variables were analysed, with eyes open or closed: position of the centre of foot pressure (CFP), average sway area, length of sway path, amplitude and distribution of tonic leg muscle EMG activity. Perturbations of stance were induced by toe-up or toe-down rotations, and by backward or forward translations of the platform. Amplitude of short, medium and long-latency EMG responses to displacement were measured in the tibialis anterior (TA) and in the three heads of the triceps surae (TS) muscle. The perturbations were produced during both free and supported stance (holding onto a stable structure), under which condition normal subjects suppress medium and long-latency responses. Under static conditions, the only significant finding in parkinsonians was represented by a shift in the position of the CFP. This was correlated with the severity of the disease (Webster scale), the less affected patients being shifted backwards and the more affected patients forwards, with respect to normals. Under dynamic conditions, the reflex responses to perturbations of free stance were similar in both groups. Only the medium-latency burst of gastrocnemius lateralis and the long-latency burst TA evoked by TS stretch were larger in parkinsonians. The amplitude of these responses, as well as of all the others, was not related to the Webster score. Within the patients' group, a relationship between position of CFP and area of EMG burst was found for both medium and long-latency TA responses evoked by forward translation and toe-up rotation, respectively. Under supported conditions, the capability to suppress all medium and long-latency muscle responses to any perturbation was lost or impaired in the parkinsonians. The degree of impairment was unrelated to the position of the CFP, but was significantly related to the severity of the disease. The suppression to 40% (supported/nonsupported), of TA response to toe-down rotation is proposed as the point of separation between normals and parkinsonians. The forward projection of the CFP, occurring in the severe stages of the disease, and the increase in amplitude of some responses to perturbations of free stance might be a compensatory adaptation to the anomalous upright posture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alternatives to percussion and postural drainage. A review of mucus clearance therapies: percussion and postural drainage, autogenic drainage, positive expiratory pressure, flutter valve, intrapulmonary percussive ventilation, and high-frequency chest compression with the ThAIRapy Vest.

The purpose of this article is to review published studies on the efficacy of old and new mucus clearance techniques and to develop recommendations for different groups of patients. Mucus clearance is a problem in cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and many other pulmonary conditions. Percussion and postural drainage (P & PD) was the traditional method of facilitating mucus clearance, but the many hazards and contraindications along with the onerous nature and resultant poor patient compliance of this procedure have led to the development of alternative therapies. Research studies with cystic fibrosis patients support the efficacy of P & PD in patients who can tolerate it. However, equivalent sputum production can be accomplished with autogenic drainage, positive expiratory pressure, and Flutter valve therapy without the assistance of another caregiver, as long as the patient has the motivation, breath control, and neuromuscular function to perform these modalities. The Intrapulmonary Percussive Ventilation device and high-frequency chest compression with the ThAIRapy vest involve more elaborate and expensive equipment, yet these devices provide mucus clearance assistance to patients who lack the ability to perform the simpler techniques. Both mechanized modalities promote independence and self-care in the patient, and the effectiveness of both has been supported by the limited research published to date. Which alternative to recommend depends on the ability, motivation, preference, needs, and resources of each patient.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed1985

[Inactivation of the postural asymmetry factor at the stage of compensation for the postural disorder induced by unilateral removal of the motor area].

The peptide nature of the posture asymmetry factor (PAF) produced in the brain after unilateral removal of the motor region of the neocortex was established. The inactivation of PAF activity in the brain toward the end of the third week after the removal is due to PAF inactivation by the endogenous factor absent from the intact brain. The molecular weight of the inactivation factor exceeds 5.0 kD that makes it possible to separate it from the PAF by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25. The correlation was marked between the increasing activity of the PAF inactivation factor and the recovery of the initial symmetric functioning of the spinal centers during three weeks after unilateral damage to the CNS.

Adaptation, Physiological↗