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PubMed1989

Different dopaminergic control of plasma luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and prolactin in ovulatory and postmenopausal women: effect of ovariectomy.

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dopamine infusion on plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone, (FSH) and prolactin (PRL) after acute (1 week postovariectomy) and chronic (postmenopausal women) estrogen withdrawal. We also studied the same group of postmenopausal women after ovariectomy to evaluate the possible influence of other gonadal factors on the endocrine effects of dopamine. In order to have a further indication of neuroendocrine dopamine activity on pituitary secretions, we measured the change in plasma LH, FSH and PRL after the administration of metoclopramide, a dopamine receptor antagonist. Our findings confirm that in fertile women dopamine infusion inhibits plasma LH and FSH levels and show that 1 week after ovariectomy the LH decrease during dopamine administration is still present whereas the FSH decrease is not. In all groups of patients, dopamine significantly inhibited plasma PRL levels. Metoclopramide increased plasma LH levels in reproductive-age women before ovariectomy, but not in postmenopausal women. Plasma FSH levels did not change in any group and PRL levels increased after metoclopramide administration in all subjects. The present findings show that dopamine regulation of LH is impaired in long-term menopause, but not shortly after ovariectomy. These changes in LH control are not followed by similar changes in PRL secretion, which remains under tonic inhibitory regulation by dopamine. The different behavior of LH and FSH after ovariectomy and in postmenopause shows the independence of LH and FSH regulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Adjuvant CMFVP versus adjuvant CMFVP plus ovariectomy for premenopausal, node-positive, and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients: a Southwest Oncology Group study.

PURPOSE: To determine whether the addition of surgical ovariectomy to standard chemotherapy prolongs disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival in premenopausal patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive operable breast cancer with positive axillary nodes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three hundred fourteen premenopausal patients with ER-positive, node-positive breast cancer were enrolled between July 1979 and July 1989. Patients were stratified according to number of involved nodes and type of primary surgery and randomized to receive either of the following: (1) cyclophosphamide 60 mg/m2/d by mouth for 1 year, methotrexate 15 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.) weekly for 1 year, fluorouracil (5-FU) 400 mg/m2 i.v. weekly for 1 year, vincristine .625 mg/m2 i.v. weekly for the first 10 weeks, and prednisone weeks 1 to 10 with doses decreasing from 30 mg/m2 to 2.5 mg/m2 (CMFVP); or (2) bilateral ovariectomy followed by CMFVP. RESULTS: The median follow-up time is 7.7 years and the maximum 13.2 years. Treatment arms are not significantly different with respect to either survival or DFS (one-sided log-rank, P = .55 and .70, respectively). The 7-year survival rate is 71% on the CMFVP arm and 73% on CMFVP plus ovariectomy. No significant differences were observed in node or receptor level subsets. CONCLUSION: We conclude that, in this study, the addition of ovariectomy did not improve results over chemotherapy alone in the treatment of premenopausal women with node-positive, ER-positive, operable breast cancer. Our sample size was too small to detect a small improvement. The death hazards ratio of CMFVP/CMFVP plus ovariectomy was 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], .79 to 1.89).

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1993

Effects of ovariectomy and genotype on bioactive FSH in plasma and pituitary of Booroola ewes.

Blood samples were collected for 13 days before and 20 days after ovariectomy from carrier (BB) and non-carrier (+ +) ewes of the Booroola FecB gene (n = 12 per genotype), at known stages of the oestrous cycle, after which the pituitary glands from these ewes were recovered. Pituitary glands were also collected from cyclic ewes (about day 12; n = 5 per genotype) to compare the effects of ovariectomy on pituitary gonadotrophins. Plasma samples and pituitary extracts were assayed for bioactive (B) FSH, immunoreactive (I) FSH and I-LH. Overall, BB ewes had significantly (P < 0.05) higher plasma I-FSH concentrations than did + + ewes before ovariectomy; the mean value was higher on 16 of the 17 days of the oestrous cycle (P < 0.01). For B-FSH, there were no overall genotypic differences, although the mean for the BB ewes was significantly higher on 13 of the 17 days of the oestrous cycle (P < 0.05), and significantly (P < 0.05) higher between days 13 and 16. No genotypic differences were noted for the plasma bioactive:immunoreactive (B:I) ratio for FSH before ovariectomy. After ovariectomy, there were significant (P < 0.001) increases in plasma for B-FSH, I-FSH and I-LH and a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the B:I ratio for FSH, irrespective of genotype.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effects of ovariectomy and FecBB genotype on the median charge and circulating half-life of pituitary FSH isoforms of ewes.

This study investigated the effects of short-term (20 days) ovariectomy, the effects of FSH assay (radioimmunoassay, receptor assay or in vitro bioassay) and of FecBB genotype on the characteristics of pituitary FSH from Booroola ewes. Pituitary extracts were obtained from ovariectomized homozygous carriers (BB) and non-carriers (++, n = 8 per genotype) and ovary-intact controls (n = 4 per genotype). The extracts (n = 4 per genotype per treatment) were subjected to agarose suspension electrophoresis and the eluates were assayed by the three FSH methods. There were significant effects of ovariectomy (P < 0.01) and assay system (P < 0.05) but not of genotype on the median charge of FSH isoforms. The mean +/- SEM migration rates for FSH in intact and ovariectomized ewes were 0.469 +/- 0.006 and 0.439 +/- 0.006 albumin mobility units, respectively (P < 0.01), indicating a shift to more basic isoforms after short-term ovariectomy. When the pituitary extracts were subjected to anion-exchange HPLC, there was a significant (P < 0.01) shift to more basic isoforms in the ovariectomized ewes as shown using agarose electrophoresis, and no gene effects were noted. When the pituitary extracts (n = 4-8 per group) were injected into mature female mice, there were no significant effects of ovariectomy or genotype on the circulating half-lives of the pituitary FSH isoforms. These results indicate that after short-term ovariectomy, the increase in plasma FSH concentrations is accompanied by a shift in the median charge of pituitary FSH isoforms without any observable change in their metabolic clearance rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A new way to induce oestrogen-deficiency osteopaenia in the rat: comparison of the effects of surgical ovariectomy and administration of the LHRH agonist buserelin on bone resorption and composition.

Prolonged administration of LHRH agonist suppresses pituitary gonadotrophin secretion, thereby lowering blood oestrogen. This study was undertaken to compare the osteopaenic effects of bilateral ovariectomy and chronic administration of the LHRH agonist, buserelin, in the rat. Four groups of animals which had their skeletons labelled with 45Ca were studied for 4 weeks. Group 1 underwent a sham-ovariectomy, group 2 were surgically ovariectomized, group 3 were given buserelin by daily s.c. injection and group 4 were given a continuous infusion of buserelin by osmotic minipump. Plasma concentrations of oestradiol were measured weekly. Bone resorption was assessed by measuring the urinary excretion of 45Ca and hydroxyproline and determining bone 45Ca content. Ovariectomy and buserelin treatments lowered blood oestradiol, increased biochemical indices of bone resorption and decreased femur and total body calcium and 45Ca values. The degree of oesteopaenia elicited by ovariectomy and buserelin treatment was similar. Bone responses to s.c. buserelin and to continuous buserelin infusion were alike. We attribute evidence of increases in bone resorption and induction of osteopaenia with buserelin treatment to hypo-oestrogenism. We have shown for the first time by bone analysis that buserelin induces osteopaenia as effectively as bilateral ovariectomy. This appears to be the first demonstration in the rat that long-term administration of LHRH agonist influences bone. Administration of buserelin provides a new way of inducing oestrogen-deficiency osteopaenia in the rat without removing the ovaries.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effects of growth hormone and ovariectomy on performance, serum hormones, insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins, and muscle fiber properties of prepubertal Friesian heifers.

Sixteen prepubertal Friesian heifers were used to examine the effect of bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovariectomy (OVX) at 2.5 mo of age (2 x 2 factorial design) on growth, carcass quality, and fiber types, capillarization, and metabolic potentials of the longissimus muscle, and serum concentrations of estradiol-17beta (E2beta), insulin, GH, IGF-I, and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP). Treatment with GH (15 mg/d) started at 147 +/- 3 kg BW and lasted for 15 wk. Heifers were fed a mixed roughage-based diet. Growth hormone increased ADG (P < .001), improved gain:feed (P < .007), and had a small but positive influence on lean accretion. Growth hormone reduced fat thickness (P < .009), carcass fat trim (P < .009) and i.m. fat (P < .09). Ovariectomy did not affect performance but increased dressing percentage (P < .03), full rib weight (P < .003), and fat thickness (P < .04). Ovariectomy reduced E2beta (P < .001) and insulin (P < .02), and increased the 32-kDa IGFBP (IGFBP-2) (P < .09). Growth hormone treatment increased GH, IGF-I, the 28-kDa IGFBP, and the 40- to 43-kDa IGFBP (IGFBP-3) (P < .004 or P < .001). Neither GH nor ovariectomy affected the proportion and relative area of the individual muscle fiber types, but GH tended to increase type I fiber area (P < .10). Number of capillaries per fiber increased in OVX GH-treated heifers (GH x OVX interaction, P < .02). Activities of citrate synthetase were higher in GH-treated (P < .05) and OVX (P < .02) heifers, indicating increased oxidative capacity of the longissimus muscle. The effects of GH on performance and carcass fattening were in accordance with the observed hormonal changes. When slaughter occurs before puberty, ovariectomy has no effect on performance, only few effects on carcass quality, and small effects on hormone concentrations.

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1991

The effect of various drugs with neuroendocrine activity and transdermal estradiol on plasma gonadotropin concentrations after ovariectomy in reproductive-aged women.

In the present study we compared the effect of different neuroactive drugs with that of estrogen treatment on the ovariectomy-induced plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) changes. A total of 35 menstruating women undergoing ovariectomy were randomly divided into five groups of 7 patients each, receiving a 4-week treatment with oral clonidine, lisuride and sodium valproate, transdermal 17 beta-estradiol, or placebo. The treatment started the day after ovariectomy. Surgery was done during the early follicular phase of the cycle. Blood samples were collected before and after 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of treatment. During the treatment, hot flushes were subjectively recorded. The placebo-treated group showed a progressive increase in plasma LH and FSH concentration during the month following ovariectomy. The same changes occurred in the lisuride and sodium valproate treated groups. Plasma LH levels in ovariectomized women treated with clonidine showed an increase which was higher than in placebo-treated women (p less than 0.01), while FSH levels were similar to those in the placebo group. In the estradiol-treated group the increase in both gonadotropins was significantly less (p less than 0.01) than in the placebo group. The frequency and intensity of hot flushes were high in placebo and sodium valproate treated subjects, being significantly reduced by clonidine, lisuride and estrogen treatment. Our results seem to indicate that clonidine treatment modulates the LH postcastration rise and that both neuroendocrine and gonadal mechanisms influence the changes in the activity of the GnRH-pituitary axis following ovariectomy.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2000

[Histologic study of the temporomandibular joints after ovariectomy in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate histologic changes of the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) after ovariectomy in adult rats. METHODS: Sixty-eight female SD rats aged twenty weeks were assigned to 2 groups. One group underwent bilateral ovariectomies served as experimental group. The other underwent sham ovariectomy served as control group. The rats were killed at the intervals of 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively. Histologic observation of the TMJ was performed in a synchronous manner by using light microscopy(LM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The serum levels of estrogen and bone mineral density of femur were also determined. RESULTS: In the experimental group, the serum levels of estrogen were obviously decreased, and bone mineral density of femur was significantly decreased at 12 weeks postoperatively. No obvious histological changes of TMJ of rats were observed at 1 and 2 weeks after the ovariectomy, whereas thickness of the condylar cartilage was increased, with irregular shape of chondrocytes at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. A serial of degenerative changes in the TMJ was observed in osteoporotic rats at 12 weeks after the ovariectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Estrogen deficiency in rats may cause alterations of the TMJ, and osteoporosis may predispose to degenerative changes in the TMJ.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of simvastatin on the development of osteopenia caused by ovariectomy in rats.

Simvastatin is a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the rate-determining enzyme for cholesterol synthesis which is used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemias, particularly in type IIa and IIb hyperlipoproteinemias, frequently in postmenopausal women. Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis by simvastatin may cause disorders of bone remodelling. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of simvastatin (3 mg and 6 mg/kg/day per os) administered for 4 weeks on the development of ovariectomy-induced osteopenia in 3-month-old female Wistar rats. The experiments were carried out on six groups of animals: I (C)--sham operated rats, II (S-3)--sham operated rats + simvastatin 3 mg/kg/day p.o., III (S-6)--sham operated rats + simvastatin 6 mg/kg/day p.o., IV (OVX)--ovariectomized rats, V (OVX + S-3)--ovariectomized rats + simvastatin 3 mg/kg/day p.o., VI (OVX + S-6)--ovariectomized rats + simvastatin 6 mg/kg/day p.o. In all the groups, we examined body weight gain, and macrometrical, histomorphometrical and mechanical parameters. Bilateral ovariectomy induced osteopenic skeletal changes in mature female rats. In cortical bone, ovariectomy intensified resorption processes at the marrow cavity, as indicated by a decrease in endosteal transverse growth and an increase in transverse cross-section surface area of the marrow cavity in the tibia. Intensification of resorption processes was observed in cancellous bone (a statistically significant decrease in the width of trabeculae in the epiphysis and metaphysis of the femur). Structural changes in the long bones resulting from bilateral ovariectomy were manifested by deterioration of mechanical properties of the shaft and neck of the femur. The force needed to fracture the neck and shaft of the femur was significantly smaller than that in sham operated rats. Simvastatin (3 and 6 mg/kg/day p.o.) slightly influenced bone remodelling in sham operated rats. Simvastatin (3 and 6 mg/kg p.o. daily) administered to ovariectomized rats intensified bone formation processes and decreased bone resorption processes induced by bilateral ovariectomy, showing stronger activity at 6 mg/kg.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Effect of ovariectomy and of estrogen treatment on the adrenal gland and body weight in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of estrogen on adrenal gland histology, and to ascertain whether or not estrogen regulates body and adrenal gland wet weight gain in the ovariectomized rat model. Two experiments investigated the effects of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement on the body and adrenal gland weight. METHODS: We used 36 female Wistar Albino rats in this study. The study took placed in the Department of Medical Science Application and Research Center of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey, in 2002. Group 1 (control group) received no ovariectomy; all animals in the other groups were bilaterally ovariectomized and kept for 60 days. We designated group 2 and 3 as sham-operated group and bilaterally ovariectomized then in addition, group 3 received estradiol. We then cut the paraffin sections, which we obtained by routine histologic methods, into 5 mm and stained them with hematoxylin-eosin. We later evaluated the stained sections under a light microscope. RESULTS: The body weight was higher in the ovariectomized rats compared to the control groups. Ovariectomy did not result in significant changes in the wet weight of the adrenal gland. Furthermore, body weight increased after estrogen therapy, and the wet weight of the adrenal gland increased in the estrogen group. It was obtained in the sham-operated group that ovariectomy resulted in a decrease in the activity of the adrenal cortex. In the sham-operated and estrogen group, we observed a prominent capsule, expanded zona glomerulosa cells, regular parallel columns in zona fasciculata and there was an increased vascularization in the medulla, after the estrogen treatment. CONCLUSION: We determined that bilateral ovariectomy can result in a decrease in the activity of the adrenal cortex. In contrast, estradiol injection can cause a significant increase in the activity of the adrenal cortex and medulla.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation and comparative analysis of a technique for laparoscopic ovariectomy in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Surgical ovariectomy is commonly performed to support studies involving the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). Traditionally, these procedures have been performed via laparotomy. We developed a laparoscopic approach to reduce surgical pain, decrease convalescence times, and reduce the total number of animals necessary to obtain valuable scientific data in studies requiring repeated intra-abdominal access in conjunction with ovariectomy. We used our new technique to perform laparoscopic ovariectomy on 8 adult female rhesus macaques; 2 additional animals underwent ovariectomy via laparotomy; data for these prospective groups were compared with retrospective data from conventionally ovariectomized macaques. The surgical time (ST; mean +/- standard error) for the laparoscopic procedures was 68 +/- 3 min, with a return-to-group time (RTG) of 8 +/- 1 d. In comparison, ST for the retrospective group was 54 +/- 3 min, with a mean RTG of 33 +/- 5 d (range, 15 to 60 d). ST differed significantly between groups. ST for the laparoscopic procedure was longer (mean difference, 14 min; 95% confidence interval, 6 to 21 min), but laparotomized animals consistently had higher RTG (6 d for the prospective group [n = 2] and 25 d for the retrospective group [n = 9]). All study animals had estradiol levels of less than 5.6 pg/ml at 6 mo after surgery. We therefore conclude that laparoscopic ovariectomy of rhesus macaques is a safe and effective technique that may reduce postoperative recovery times.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of mastectomy versus mastectomy plus adjuvant ovariectomy on prolactin response to TRH in breast cancer.

The endocrine effects of ovariectomy need to be further investigated. The present study was carried out to evaluate the influence of the adjuvant ovariectomy on the mastectomy-induced changes in PRL response to TRH in breast cancer. The study included 34 patients with locally limited breast carcinoma, 18 of whom were treated with radical mastectomy, whereas the other 16 underwent mastectomy plus adjuvant ovariectomy. PRL secretion in response to TRH (200 mcg I.V. as bolus) was evaluated one day before and 7 days after surgery. In patients treated with mastectomy only, PRL increase after TRH was significantly higher after surgery than before. On the contrary, no difference was seen in patients treated with mastectomy plus ovariectomy. This study shows that the adjuvant ovariectomy may block the increase in PRL response to TRH induced by mastectomy in breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Individual and combined effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine and ovariectomy on the growth and polyamine milieu of experimental breast cancer in rats.

Despite considerable evidence suggesting a critical role of polyamines in the hormonal control of breast cancer growth in vitro, their role in in vivo tumor growth is not established. In these experiments, we evaluated the individual and combined effects of the polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and ovariectomy on the growth and cellular levels of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and polyamines of N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumors. Despite a similar suppressive effect on ODC activity, the two treatments had a different effect on polyamine levels. As expected, DFMO selectively suppressed putrescine, whereas spermidine and spermine levels were minimally or not affected at all. Since quantitatively putrescine contributes the least to overall polyamine pools, the DFMO effect on this latter parameter was modest. In contrast, ovariectomy, by suppressing the more abundant spermidine and spermine, produced a more profound suppression of total polyamine pools. This finding is in agreement with the notion that hormones not only control ODC activity, but also other enzymes involved in the synthesis of the distal polyamines. Ovariectomy was also more potent than DFMO administration in inhibiting N-nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumor growth. No major additive/synergistic effects were observed between DFMO and ovariectomy on tumor growth and cellular levels of ODC activity and polyamines. DFMO administration lowered the tumor level of progesterone receptors and appeared to potentiate the suppressive effect of ovariectomy. In contrast, neither treatment, alone or in combination, altered tumor levels of estrogen receptors. DFMO administration did not affect circulating levels of estradiol and prolactin or uterine and ovarian weights, thus suggesting that its effects were not indirectly mediated through alterations of the endocrine milieu of the host.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Variation of myometrial activities and steroid sexual hormones following bilateral ovariectomy in the rat at midpregnancy.

The effects of bilateral ovariectomy on uterine motility and levels of progesterone, oestradiol, cAMP, adrenaline and PGF2 alpha were studied in the rat at midpregnancy. Animals were randomly divided into two groups, at least 15 rats in each, sham-operated serving as controls and ovariectomized. The spontaneous uterine mechanical activity of Wistar rats was recorded isometrically and the electrical activities were recorded simultaneously by two bipolar electrodes. Within 30 minutes of ovariectomy a significant increase of the amplitude of uterine contractions was observed and the simultaneity of electrical activity was significantly improved; these effects became more pronounced at 1h post-ovariectomy (p less than 0.005). Plasma progesterone levels decreased by 20% (p less than 0.01) at 30 min and by 50% (p less than 0.001) 1h after ovariectomy, whereas oestrogen levels remained unchanged. Levels of adrenaline, cAMP and PGF2 alpha in the uterine tissue 1h following ovariectomy were affected as follows: adrenaline (p less than 0.05) and cAMP (p less than 0.001) were reduced and PGF2 alpha augmented (p less than 0.05). It appears that variation of the ratio oestrogens/progesterone induces precociously the activation of uterine mobility and exerts an effect on some factors involved in the regulation of the rat myometrium at midpregnancy.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Ovariectomy at different stages of the estrous cycle modifies the pulsatile secretory pattern of prolactin in rat.

The role of estrogens in the synchronization of pulsatile prolactin secretion throughout the estrous cycle in the adult female rat is studied. Mean values of prolactin, in sham-operated animals increased from diestrus-2 to proestrus and then decreased to the values found at diestrus-1. Ovariectomy did not modify the pattern which follows mean serum levels of the hormone throughout the estrous cycle; although increased values of prolactin were found at both proestrus and estrus, when compared to control animals. No changes in mean values of the hormone were observed at any other phase of the estrous cycle. The number of peaks was fairly constant in sham-operated rats in any phase of the estrous cycle, but a decrease in its number, after ovariectomy, was observed at proestrus and estrus. The absolute amplitude of the peaks increased numerically but not statistically significant from diestrus-2 to proestrus, then decreasing to diestrus-1 in control animals whereas an increase in the absolute amplitude of the prolactin peaks was detected in proestrus and estrous after ovariectomy. The duration of the prolactin peaks was not changed either by the phase of the estrous cycle or by ovariectomy. The relative amplitude of the prolactin peaks was only changed in rats ovariectomized at diestrus-1, as compared to sham-operated animals. All these data indicated that changes in estrogen/secretion by ovariectomy throughout the estrous cycle of the rat induced a differential effect on the pulsatile pattern of prolactin, being more marked in proestrus and estrus, associated with the highest circulating estrogen levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Bone mineralization in women after ovariectomy].

The author investigated parameters of the calcium phosphate metabolism and level of bone mineralization in 82 women with ovariectomy performed before the natural menopause and compared them with a group of women with ovariectomy after the menopause. In the first group calciuria was significantly elevated and their bone mineralization is highly significantly lower than in women with ovariectomy after the menopause low values were reached that the number of fractures of vertebral bodies or other bones was increased. The values of calciuria and bone mineralization in women ovariectomized after the menopause does not differ essentially from values recorded in women of similar age without ovariectomy. From the investigation ensues that early hormonal prevention is essential in women subjected to ovariectomy before the menopause.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Survival, complications and quality of life in patients with breast cancer after ovariectomy and hormonal therapy].

Seventy one women with breast cancer in clinical stage IIIa were treated by chemotherapy and radical operation on the basis five features, namely: survivals, relapses, metastases, quality of life, and post-therapy complications. The two treatment methods were compared. The dependence between survivals and time elapsed between breast surgery and ovariectomy was evaluated. Women treated by ovariectomy suffer from; menopause symptoms, osteoporosis, blood coagulation distortions more after than women treated by hormonotherapy. Tamoxifen therapy increases the rate of breast cancer relapses and probably it is the cause of breast cancer metastases into liver. Women who underwent hormonal castration are professionally active more after them women treated by ovariectomy. Time elapsed between breast surgery and ovariectomy does not affect survivals in stage IIIa. In stage IIIb however, performing later ovariectomy prolongs survivals.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Standing laparoscopic laser technique for ovariectomy in five mares.

Laparoscopic laser instrumentation and endoscopic stapling techniques were used to perform 10 unilateral ovariectomy procedures on 5 standing Thoroughbred mares. In all instances, mares had a clinically normal reproductive tract and estrous cycle, and ovariectomy was performed to eliminate regular estrous behavior. All procedures were accompanied by minimal trauma and uncomplicated postoperative recovery. Mares were able to resume normal activity 2 weeks after surgery. Regular estrous behavior was eliminated in all 5 mares, although 1 mare continued to have signs of estrous behavior occasionally after the bilateral ovariectomy. Advantages of standing laparoscopic laser ovariectomy over open laparotomy or colpotomy techniques included minimal surgical morbidity, decreased postoperative discomfort, and rapid, uncomplicated healing. Disadvantages of laparoscopic laser ovariectomy included cost of specialized equipment, need for advanced training in laser and laparoscopic surgery, and increased operative time.

Animals↗