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PubMed1993

Brief communication: an update on stature estimation in prehistoric Native Americans of Ohio.

We present regression equations to estimate skeletal height and stature for prehistoric Native Americans of Ohio. The regression equations are based on skeletal height as the dependent variable and various postcranial elements and combinations of elements as the independent variables. A total of 171 individuals, 95 males and 76 females, make up the sample. The present sample includes the 64 individuals we previously used for stature estimation (Sciulli et al.: Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 83:275-280, 1990) and 107 additional individuals distributed more widely in time and space. The present more inclusive sample, however, shows the same proportional contributions to skeletal height of each skeletal height component as the previous sample. This result suggests that these proportions were a consistent feature of the prehistoric Native Americans of Ohio. Because the prehistoric Native Americans of Ohio were characterized by relatively long legs and distal elements of the limbs, stature estimation from regressions based on East Asian populations, which express in general relatively short legs and distal limb elements, will overestimate stature in Native Americans of Ohio and, possibly, all Eastern Woodlands Native Americans.

Body Height↗
PubMed2006

Landscape as a predictor of wetland condition: an evaluation of the Landscape Development Index (LDI) with a large reference wetland dataset from Ohio.

Recent approaches to wetland assessment have advocated a multilevel approach which incorporates assessments based on landscape (remote sensing) data, on-site but "rapid" methods, and intensive methods where quantitative data is collected. Brown and Vivas (2004) recently pro- posed an assessment method that uses remote sensing information (Landscape Development Index or LDI) and propose that it may also be usable as a quantified human disturbance gradient. The LDI was evaluated using a large reference wetland data set from Ohio using land use percentages within a 1 km radius circle of the wetlands. The LDI had interpretable and significant relationships with another human disturbance gradient (the Ohio Rapid Assessment Method for Wetlands or ORAM) and with most metrics and scores from the Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity (VIBI) developed for use in the State of Ohio. Metrics from emergent wetlands had the most significant correlations with the LDI (10 of 10 metrics), followed by forested wetlands (8 of 10 metrics) and shrub wetlands (4 of 10). Poor correlation for VIBI scores and metrics of shrub wetlands was due to differences in attainable LDI scores based on ecoregion and natural buffers shielding the wetland from otherwise intensive land uses. The ORAM and VIBI were developed for use in wetlands in Ohio completely independent of the LDI. It is an important test of the LDI concept that so many interpretable and significant relationships occurred between the VIBI scores, VIBI metric values, and the ORAM scores. For the purposes of VIBI development, the LDI is an independent, quantified disturbance gradient that has provided an additional test of the VIBI. Given its theoretical underpinnings and the fact that it uses quantified land use percentages, the LDI has many advantages over more qualitative human disturbance gradients. Using land use percentages from increasingly smaller distances from the wetland edge (100-200 m) may improve the resolution of the LDI to detect on-site disturbances to a wetland which degrade its ecological condition. The LDI should be evaluated with other large reference data sets in other regions to evaluate its validity and usefulness as an assessment tool.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed1975

Heart disease mortality among black migrants: a study of Ohio residents (1960-1967).

In a demographic study, the black Ohio residents were characterized by those born in Ohio and those born in other regions of the United States, and comparisons were made of rates for all deaths (1960-1967) for coronary heart disease (420), endocarditis and myocardial degeneration (421-422), hypertensive cardiovascular diseases (440-447), cerebrovascular diseases (300-334), cardiovascular diseases (400-468), and total diseases of the cardiovascular system (300-334) (400-468). The division of the total United States-born Ohio residents by region of birth provided marked differences in the age-adjusted rates in the relative comparisons. The black males and females born in the South had a markedly higher age-adjusted death rate (ages 45 to 64) than those born in Ohio in each of the categories of cardiovascular diseases studied. For coronary heart disease, the age-adjusted death rate for the black males showed a marked excess over the black females, for each region of birth, whereas for hypertensive cardiovascular diseases the black males and females had similar age-adjusted rates for each region of birth. The findings indicate a carry-over among the black of a higher cardiovascular risk among those born in the South and lend support to the concept of the influence of the endemic factors in the early years of life. In the prospective study of black steelworkers, it was observed that migrant and nonmigrant workers had approximately the same mortality for cardiovascular disease overall, and when specific work areas were considered. Selective factors of employment, of medical screening, and capability of continued employment in strenuous environments, were considered the most likely basis for the similar mortality experience.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

Liver transplantation in Ohio.

BACKGROUND: Since its inception in 1984, the Ohio Solid Organ Transplantation Consortium has tracked liver transplantation outcomes for its five member institutions. Presented herein is a 12-year summary of this data analyzed to determine whether, with increasing experience, outcomes have improved in a cost-effective manner. METHODS: Between July 1984 and June 1996, 1,063 liver transplants were performed in Ohio in 943 patients (772 adults and 171 children), of which 943 were primary and 120 were retransplants (13%). Outcome comparisons were made for three eras: 1984-1988, 1988-1992, and 1992-1996. RESULTS: The percentage of urgent (United Network for Organ Sharing status 1 and 2) transplants has decreased (62% to 41%), whereas that of homebound patients has increased (38% to 59%). Average time on the waiting list has increased from 39 to 165 days, and the average length of stay has decreased from 44 to 27 days. Patient survival at 1-year increased in each era (64%, 80%, and 82%, respectively). Although actual hospital charges have remained relatively constant, they have decreased substantially when compared in 1985 dollars as corrected for inflation. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing liver transplantation in Ohio are now listed earlier in the course of their disease and wait longer for their transplant, but enjoy a better chance of survival, have a shorter hospital stay, and a relatively less expensive operation. These data indicate that with increased experience, the Ohio Solid Organ Transplantation Consortium liver transplantation teams perform liver transplantation in a more cost-effective manner.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Financial analysis of savings from telemedicine in Ohio's prison system.

The Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Corrections (ODRC) implemented a telemedicine pilot project in March of 1995. The project brought together the Southern Ohio Correctional facility in Lucasville, the Corrections Medical Center in Columbus, and The Ohio State University Medical Center, also located in Columbus. Its purpose was to evaluate the use of two-way interactive video for the delivery of health services. With two-way interactive video, physicians in one location established audio and video links with inmates hundreds of miles away. Data were collected on the potential savings as a result of telemedicine usage in the Ohio prison system. Costs associated with telemedicine and those incurred without telemedicine were determined on per-consult basis for comparison. The cost for a medical consult to be performed at the Corrections Medical Center averaged $263.51 per inmate. The cost for a medical consult via telemedicine varied from month to month, depending on the utilization volume. The ODRC experienced savings for telemedicine usage when 129 or more consults were performed each quarter. During the third quarter, 145 telemedicine consults were performed. The cost per consult for telemedicine usage during this quarter was $255.19. There was a savings of $8.48 per consult, resulting in a quarterly savings of $1206. As the utilization of telemedicine continued to increase in the fourth quarter, the amount of savings increased.

Continuity of Patient Care↗
PubMed1982

Influence of demographic factors on annual Down's syndrome births in Ohio, 1970-1979, and the United States, 1920-1979.

Because of the high correlation between advanced maternal age and the risk of Down's syndrome, the demographic factors of population age structure and age-specific birth rates are expected to have considerable effect on Down's syndrome births. The principal objective of this research was to clarify the past and present role of dramatic changes in these two demographic factors within the United States in determining the number and incidence of Down's syndrome births, and the percentage of these births to women greater than or equal to 35. The main hypothesis is that demographic events, modified by increasing use of amniocentesis, adequately account for the general trends regarding Down's syndrome births reported in the recent literature, as opposed to other explanations such as environmental factors or a real biologic increase in Down's syndrome births in younger women. The hypothesis was tested using estimates of the annual number of Down's syndrome births in Ohio for 1970-1979, obtained through use of the Lincoln-Peterson Capture-Recapture method of estimating population size. These were compared to predicted N derived from Ohio demographic data and single year maternal age Down's syndrome risk rates from Upstate New York. The two values of N were in statistical agreement in 8 of the 10 years compared, and show an overall incidence of Down's syndrome in Ohio during the 1970s of 1.20. Using USA government demographic data and Ohio 1970-1979 single year maternal age Down's syndrome risk rates, predicted Down's syndrome births were derived for the USA during 1920-1979. The results show a long-term decline over the period in predicted number (6870 to 4232), incidence (2.42 to 1.23), and percentage of Down's syndrome births to women greater than or equal to 35 (64.3 to 23.4). A precipitous decline in all three values was obtained for the 1960s and early 1970s, with an abrupt end to the declines during the mid 1970s. Predicted number of Down's syndrome births rose 10.4% during the last half of the decade from a low of 3835 in 1975, and is expected to continue to rise rapidly throughout the 1980s, principally as a result of the large increase in the number of women moving into the older age categories.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed2005

Moving to mandatory Medicaid managed care in Ohio: impacts on pregnant women and infants.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the impacts of Medicaid managed care on pregnant women is critical because Medicaid covers more than a third of all births nationally, many under managed care arrangements. OBJECTIVES: We sought to examine the impacts of mandatory Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) enrollment on prenatal care use, smoking, and birth weight for Medicaid-covered pregnant women in Ohio. RESEARCH DESIGN: Impact estimates are derived from a pre-post design with a comparison group, using Ohio birth certificate data linked to Medicaid enrollment files. Between April 1993 and April 1995 is the baseline period and October 1997 to June 1998 is the post-period. The treatment group consists of deliveries in 6 counties that implemented mandatory HMO enrollment in the mid 1990s; the comparison group consists of deliveries in 4 counties with voluntary HMO enrollment. SUBJECTS: Medicaid-covered deliveries to 24,799 non-Hispanic white women with no college education living in Ohio. MEASURES: Seven outcomes are analyzed: first trimester care; last trimester or no care; adequate prenatal care; inadequate prenatal care; smoking during pregnancy; and birth weight. RESULTS: Our findings indicate that mandatory HMO enrollment in Ohio's Medicaid program had positive effects on prenatal care and led to reductions in maternal smoking. No effects were found on birth weight. CONCLUSIONS: Even with the improvements related to Medicaid managed care, rates of inadequate prenatal care and maternal smoking remain relatively high. Addressing the underlying risk factors that are facing poor women and further expanding public programs may be critical to achieving further progress.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed2004

The impact of Medicaid managed care on pregnant women in Ohio: a cohort analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of mandatory HMO enrollment for Medicaid-covered pregnant women on prenatal care use, smoking, Cesarean section (C-section) use, and birth weight. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: Linked birth certificate and Medicaid enrollment data from July 1993 to June 1998 in 10 Ohio counties, 6 that implemented mandatory HMO enrollment, and 4 with low levels of voluntary enrollment (under 15 percent). Cuyahoga County (Cleveland) is analyzed separately; the other mandatory counties and the voluntary counties are grouped for analysis, due to small sample sizes. Study Design. Women serve as their own controls, which helps to overcome the bias from unmeasured variables such as health beliefs and behavior. Changes in key outcomes between the first and second birth are compared between women who reside in mandatory HMO enrollment counties and those in voluntary enrollment counties. County of residence is the primary indicator of managed care status, since, in Ohio, women are allowed to "opt out" of HMO enrollment in mandatory counties in certain circumstances, leading to selection. As a secondary analysis, we compare women according to their HMO enrollment status at the first and second birth. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Linked birth certificate/enrollment data were used to identify 4,917 women with two deliveries covered by Medicaid, one prior to the implementation of mandatory HMO enrollment (mid-1996) and one following implementation. Data for individual births were linked over time using a scrambled maternal Medicaid identification number. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The effects of HMO enrollment on prenatal care use and smoking were confined to Cuyahoga County, Ohio's largest county. In Cuyahoga, the implementation of mandatory enrollment was related to a significant deterioration in the timing of initiation of care, but an improvement in the number of prenatal visits. In that county also, women who smoked in their first pregnancy were less likely to smoke during the second pregnancy, compared to women in voluntary counties. Women residing in all the mandatory counties were less likely to have a repeat C-section. There were no effects on infant birth weight. The effects of women's own managed care status were inconsistent depending on the outcome examined; an interpretation of these results is hampered by selection issues. Changes over time in outcomes, both positive and negative, were more pronounced for African American women. CONCLUSIONS: With careful implementation and attention to women's individual differences as in Ohio, outcomes for pregnant women may improve with Medicaid managed care implementation. Quality monitoring should continue as Medicaid managed care becomes more widespread. More research is needed to identify the types of health maintenance organization activities that lead to improved outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

An analysis of policies regulating medication in Ohio public schools.

The development of medicines, state and federal laws requiring the enrollment and mainstreaming of handicapped students and the use of behavior modifying drugs has resulted in more requests by parents to have medication administered to their children during school hours. The problem in schools without immediate access to nurses is to accommodate students who need medication while at the same time avoid the dangers that are inherent in administering medication to children. The purpose of this investigation was to determine what guidelines are being followed in Ohio schools on the storage and administration of prescribed medication. Policies and regulations on the administration of medication, solicited from a random sample of Ohio school districts, were found to be not in keeping with pertinent legislation, litigation and recommended procedures. The investigation of the sample districts revealed enough inadequacies to suggest that: 1) many Ohio school districts need formal policies and regulations in the administration of medication; and 2) Ohio school districts having policies and regulations in the administration of medication should seriously consider eliminating whatever inadequacies exist for the safety and well-being of students and staff. A sample board policy statement, regulations for administering prescription and nonprescription medication in schools, a request form and a model statute designed to protect the employee from tort liability as a result of ordinary negligence in the administration of medication were developed in keeping with the findings of this study and are recommended for consideration as models by school districts nationwide.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The use of dental sealants by Ohio dentists.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the extent to which Ohio dentists report using pit and fissure sealants and factors associated with sealant use. METHODS: A mail survey of a random sample of Ohio dentists was conducted in 1989 and repeated in 1992 with a newly drawn sample. Only responses from general dentists were analyzed using univariate analyses and multiple regression. RESULTS: Dentists who reported using sealants increased from 79.4 percent in 1989 to 91.8 percent in 1992. In 1992, 42.9 percent were low-level users (< 15% of school-aged patients), 41.7 percent were moderate-level users (15-39%), and 15.3 percent were high-level users (> 39%). Over three-fourths of sealant-using dentists expressed some degree of willingness to seal incipient caries. The level of sealant use was associated with dentists' knowledge about sealants, conservative management of dental caries, number of children seen in the practice, and influence of insurance coverage for sealants. The regression model explained 22.0 percent of the variance. Clinical factors associated with the level of use were: dentists' willingness to seal premolars; caries-free teeth; teeth with deep, narrow pits and fissures; teeth with small, frank occlusal caries; and patients 18 years of age or older. This regression model explained only 15.1 percent of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: The grate majority of Ohio dentists report using sealants. The percent of reported sealant users increased between 1989 and 1992. Ohio dentists are not consistent with regard to the percent of their child patients for whom they apply sealants or their willingness to seal incipient caries. Dentists continue to identify lack of insurance coverage for sealant application as a major barrier to patients receiving the service.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Statistical model for assessing the impact of targeted, school-based dental sealant programs on sealant prevalence among third graders in Ohio.

OBJECTIVES: Since Ohio school-based dental sealant programs target economically disadvantaged groups, simple comparison of sealant prevalence between schools with sealant programs and those without is problematic due to underlying disparities between the two in sealant prevalence. The goal of our analysis was to estimate the impact of sealant programs on sealant prevalence among third graders in Ohio by applying a statistical model to data from a 1998-99 Ohio oral health screening survey of schoolchildren to control for differences in background characteristics. METHODS: Included in the analysis were 9,747 third graders at randomly selected schools in Ohio. Chi-square statistics and survey logistic regression were used to analyze the association of sealant presence with school sealant program participation, dental care payment method, sex, race, and school lunch program eligibility. RESULTS: The unadjusted odds ratio for dental sealant presence was 3.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]=2.6, 4.4; P<.01). Adjusting for race and income, the odds of having dental sealants among children in schools with dental sealant programs increased to 4.8 (95% CI=3.5, 6.5; P<.01). CONCLUSIONS: Not controlling for confounders can result in underestimation of the impact of targeted school sealant programs.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1989

Assuring the quality of home-delivered long-term care: the Ohio Quality Assurance Project.

Home-delivered care is an important development for functionally disabled clients and for the long-term care system. However, questions and concerns about home care quality have been raised. At this point, home care quality is not well understood, and most case management and provider agencies have very little experience designing and implementing quality assurance programs. This article reports on the Ohio Quality Assurance Project. During this 17-month pilot project, the Ohio Department of Aging and the Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, collaborated on a model quality assurance system for case managed, in-home care. Using two demonstration sites within Ohio's PASSPORT program, the Ohio Quality Assurance Project developed and tested quality assurance standards and strategies that could be applicable to home care and case management agencies nationwide.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acetaminophen overuse in the Ohio Medicaid population.

OBJECTIVE: To examine patterns of use of acetaminophen in patients with and without risk factors for hepatotoxicity in the Ohio Medicaid population. DESIGN: Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of claims data. SETTING: Ohio. PATIENTS: Ohio Medicaid patients (n = 22,496) who received at least 6 prescriptions for acetaminophen from November 1998 through April 1999. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Overuse of acetaminophen, defined as an average daily dose (ADD) greater than or equal to 4 grams/day or an ADD of greater than or equal to 3 grams/day along with diagnosis codes suggesting underlying liver dysfunction. RESULTS: We identified 687 patients (3.05%) who received either greater than or equal to 4 grams/day or greater than or equal to 3 grams/day and had diagnosis codes suggesting underlying liver dysfunction (n = 128). CONCLUSION: Although the number is relatively small, some Ohio Medicaid patients are receiving acetaminophen doses that exceed safety recommendations. Because acetaminophen overuse is the leading cause of liver failure, health care professionals should be alert to the possibility of acetaminophen overuse.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2002

Using a geographical information system to map the distribution of dentists in Ohio.

BACKGROUND: Studies have reported that dental care is the highest unmet health care need in the United States and have evaluated this in terms of individual determinants of access and utilization. None of these studies took into consideration the provider issues of availability and accessibility or of spatial relations. The aim of this study was to analyze issues of provider availability and accessibility in Ohio using a geographical information system, or GIS. METHODS: Three Ohio databases were geocoded using GIS software. The databases included all 6,132 dentists licensed to practice in Ohio, 1,898 dentists who had billed the state Medicaid program in 1998 and safety-net clinics that provided free or low-cost care. Each practitioner was mapped at the county and ZIP code levels. RESULTS: Results are reported using maps at the county and ZIP code levels. The maps showed that 69.4 percent of dentists practiced in 12 metropolitan counties, 14 percent in 17 suburban counties and 16.6 percent in 59 rural counties (rural non-Appalachian counties plus Appalachian counties). In Appalachia, the dentist-to-population ratio was about one-half that of the metropolitan counties. CONCLUSION: Obvious disparities exist in the distribution of dentists in Ohio, particularly in rural and Appalachian counties. The need to increase the availability of dentists in these counties is evident. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: GIS is a useful tool for evaluating provider distribution and availability and planning programs to attract dentists to areas with small numbers of dentists.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Ohio dental care providers' treatment of young children, 2002.

BACKGROUND: Adequate access to dental care for young children--particularly those from low-income families--is a public concern. The authors conducted a survey of Ohio dental care providers to examine factors influencing their willingness to care for these children. METHODS: Random samples of Ohio general practitioner (GPs) dentists and pediatric dentists (PDs) and all Ohio safety-net dental clinics completed a mail survey regarding treatment of children aged 0 through 5 years. The authors categorized responses by provider type and further analyzed GPs' responses by years since graduation and geographic character. RESULTS: Few Ohio GPs (8 percent) recommended a first dental visit by 1 year of age. While 91 percent of GPs treated children aged 3 through 5 years, only 34 percent treated children aged 0 through 2 years, most often for emergency visits or examinations. Only 7 percent of all GPs and 29 percent of PDs accepted patients enrolled in Medicaid without limitations. CONCLUSIONS: Children's being young (0-2 years of age) and having Medicaid as a payment source made GPs substantially less likely to treat them. Children's being enrolled in Head Start made GPs somewhat more likely to treat them. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: New strategies for ensuring dental care access for young children from low-income families are necessary. Such strategies may take the form of interpeer advocacy, education, practice incentives or creation of coordinated GP and PD teams.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

No license required: severe pediatric motorbike-related injuries in Ohio.

OBJECTIVE: Motorbikes (MBs), including motorcycles and dirt bikes, are becoming increasingly popular among children and adolescents. MBs are intended for off-road use. Although children who are younger than 16 years cannot be licensed to drive cars, they can drive MBs off-road without licenses. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiology of severe MB injuries to children who are younger than 16 years in Ohio. METHODS: Eight hospitals that admit the majority of pediatric trauma patients in Ohio were approached to participate. Cases were identified using hospital trauma registries and were defined as any hospitalized child who was younger than 16 years and sustained MB injuries between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2001. RESULTS: Six hospitals participated. A total of 182 children were hospitalized with a mean age of 11.4 years (range: <1-15 years). A total of 89.6% were male, 89.0% were white, 68.7% had commercial medical insurance, and 71.4% were from urban areas. From 1995 to 1997, there were an average of 20 annual admissions; however, from 1998 to 2001, there were an average of 30 per year. Of the 85% of patients with injury events documented, 35.5% were riding in streets and 53.3% were unhelmeted. One patient died; 8 required rehabilitation. The mean injury severity score was 9.9 (median: 9), and mean length of hospitalization was 4.6 days (median: 3). Unhelmeted riders had significantly higher injury severity scores than helmeted ones (11.5 vs 8.4). The difference in mean length of hospitalization of unhelmeted compared with helmeted riders approached statistical significance (6.1 vs 3.7 days). Of the 163 patients with documented diagnoses, there were 510 injuries; 68.7% of patients sustained multiple injuries. Of all injuries, the most commonly injured body parts were lower extremity (23.4%), head (22.2%), abdomen/pelvis (13.4%), upper extremity (12.4%), and face (11.8%). The most common injuries were fractures (37.1%), abrasions/contusions (24.4%), lacerations (13.4%), intracranial injuries (7.5%), and solid abdominal organ injuries (7.5%). Central and Southwest Ohio had higher numbers of hospitalized injuries than other areas. CONCLUSION: Urban, white boys with commercial medical insurance predominated among children with MB-related injuries in Ohio. Most injured children did not wear a helmet and sustained multiple injuries. Not wearing a helmet resulted in significantly increased injury severity and a trend toward increased lengths of stay in the hospital. MB-related injuries increased by approximately 50% during the study period. Children should not operate MBs until they are old enough to obtain a motor vehicle driver's license, which occurs at a minimum of 16 years of age. High-risk populations need to be targeted to reduce these injuries, and requiring helmet use while operating MBs should be pursued.

Accidents↗
PubMed2000

Distribution of Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaeceae) in Amblyomma americanum in southern Indiana and prevalence of E. chaffeensis--reactive antibodies in white-tailed deer in Indiana and Ohio in 1998.

To continue monitoring the prevalence and distribution of Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaeceae) in southern Indiana, a total of 498 Amblyomma americanum (L.) ticks (262 adults and 292 nymphs) was collected from five southern Indiana counties during May and June 1998. Ticks were pooled and examined for the presence of E. chaffeensis using nested polymerase chain reaction and primers specific for the 16S rRNA gene of E. chaffeensis. The average minimum infection rate for adult ticks collected in 1998 was 3.8% (ranging from 0 to 7.7% in various counties) as compared with previous average minimum infection rates of 1.6% in 1995 and 4.9% in 1997. None of the pools of A. americanum nymphs tested positive. In addition, blood samples were collected from 325 white-tailed deer taken in Indiana and 327 taken in Ohio in November 1998. Serum samples were tested for the presence of E. chaffeensis-like organisms reactive to antibodies using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Antibodies were found in deer from six Indiana counties where infection rates ranged from 42.6 to 66.7% and in four Ohio countries where infection rates ranged from 4.4 to 25%. The results of this study reconfirm that E. chaffeensis is well established in southern Indiana and also provide the first evidence of E. chaffeensis-like organisms infecting white-tailed deer in Ohio, suggesting the need to survey Ohio ticks for the presence of Ehrlichia.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Down's syndrome: percentage reporting on birth certificates and single year maternal age risk rates for Ohio 1970-79: comparison with upstate New York data.

Estimates of single year maternal age risk rates for Down's Syndrome births to White residents of Ohio over the period 1970-79 are reported. The rates were estimated from birth certificate data, which first necessitated estimating the percentage of reporting of Down's Syndrome on Ohio birth certificates. Using data from cytogenetic laboratories within the state, percentages of Down's Syndrome cases reported were found to be 36.5 (319/875) for White and 33.9 (342/1,010) overall. Final single year maternal age risk rates reported here are corrected for underreporting using these figures. They should be useful for genetic counselors and obstetricians. Comparisons of observed, uncorrected single year maternal incidence rates were made within Ohio 1970-74 vs 1975-79, and between Ohio and upstate New York for various time periods using both a hierarchial log-linear model for multiway cross-tabulations and a weighted least squares solution. All comparisons showed excellent agreement, indicating no evidence for temporal or geographic differences and implying that environmental factors are unimportant in determining single year maternal age incidence rates in Down's Syndrome for the time periods and populations studied.

Adolescent↗