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PubMed2005

Infantile sexuality, primary object-love and the anthropological significance of the Oedipus complex: re-reading Freud's 'Female sexuality'.

The author attempts to show why and in what respect Freud's famous article 'Female sexuality' can still be a source of inspiration for a contemporary metapsychology. In this text, Freud acknowledges the importance of the child's tie to its mother for the first time. Both Balint and Bowlby consider this text to be a distant forerunner of their own theories on primary object-love and attachment respectively. At the same time, Freud's text contains some elements of a 'theory of generalized seduction' as it was developed in the last decades by Jean Laplanche. 'Female sexuality' therefore presents itself as the perfect point of departure for a discussion of the relation between primary object-love (and attachment) and sexuality. Based on his reading of Freud's text, the author argues that human subjectivity is characterized by the lack of attunement between the world of the adult and the world of the child. This insight allows for a reformulation of the anthropological significance of the Oedipus and castration complexes. They are no longer interpreted as universal problems that every child has to face, but as historical and contingent solutions to the lack of attunement between the child and the adult that is essential to human subjectivity.

Anthropology↗
PubMed1990

[The Oedipus complex and organization of the normal personality].

The parents' task is to get the child to move from his absolute and original narcissism to the awareness of and submissiveness to the principle of Reality, without prejudice to his affective life. This entails a tragic triangular situation that we shall qualify as being Oedipean, although differing from Freud's interpretation. It has a structuring psychodynamic effect requiring complex yet precise mechanisms which entirely proceed from this situation and that we have tried to study thoroughly. The child can thus reach the adult status through access to Reality, and the development of his latent faculties. The Oedipean situation is therefore unique in allowing the progressive making of a normal personality.

Child Development↗
PubMed1997

[God is dead--Friedrich Nietzsche's Oedipus complex].

The early psychoanalysts were influenced by the philosophical ideas of FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE. The work of SIGMUND FREUD was partly based on NIETZSCHE'S literary world. Just before his mental disaster NIETZSCHE radically destroyed once precious ideals. The roots of this provocative development will be elucidated by analyzing NIETZSCHE'S childhood. A main aspect is NIETZSCHES close mother-tie and especially his father's early death. The father-image of NIETZSCHE'S late years is an essential of this paper.

Famous Persons↗
PubMed1992

Did Dora have an oedipus complex? A reexamination of the theoretical context of Freud's "fragment of an analysis".

A careful review of the Dora case refutes the commonly held view that it reflects Freud's adoption of his classical oedipal model. Through Dora, Freud examined some of the theoretical and emotional underpinnings of the seduction theory and began a complex and very gradual move toward an oedipal model, never reaching his classical formulation. The transitional nature of this case allows for an understanding of some of Freud's difficulties in adopting the oedipal model and the considerations that, nevertheless, eventually determined the move. How and why this was overlooked in all later studies of the case has important implications for the process of development of psychoanalytic theory and the writing of its history.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The nature of the Oedipus complex in the Dora case.

In this paper we sought to study, through a detailed review of Dora's analytic material, the specific nature of her oedipal conflict and its expression in her treatment with Freud as manifested in her dreams, associations, and transference. We found that while Freud was surely correct in considering Dora's positive oedipal conflict as an important source of her psychopathology, the implication of her early regression to a phallic-oedipal position was not fully appreciated or interpreted, leading to her eventual premature termination. While Freud analyzed, largely following the end of the treatment, Dora's erotic love for Frau K., he did not see this love as deriving from an integrated phallic-oedipal complex which included competitive and castrative strivings toward men as well as wishes to love a woman from a phallic position. Thus we sought to extend Freud's analysis of the case by delineating the specific form of Dora's homosexual love, the genetic sources for it, and the aggressive wish toward men as they derive from a particular substage of the oedipal phase for females, the phallic-oedipal phase. We conclude that Dora's hostility toward Freud, her father and Herr. K. resulted not only from injured pride but, more basically, from her jealousy and rivalry with father for mother's love. In her treatment Dora's phallic-oedipal wishes became increasingly dominant. They were manifested in the transference with her first acting to engage Freud's interest and then thwarting his interpretive efforts, ultimately by leaving the treatment altogether. The case well illustrates the importance of understanding the role of the phallic-oedipal phase in female hysterical patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[From the seduction theory to the oedipus complex].

The author reviews the Freudian theory of seduction as it was presented in the last decade of the XIX century. Freud began to talk about the effects of the seduction in the clinical history of Katherine, (Studies on Hysteria, 1893 - 1895). In 1896 in Heredity and the Aetiology of the Neuroses, Freud considered the seduction as the specific cause of the psychoneurosis, and latter in The Aetiology of Hysteria, he separated himself from Breuer and Charcot. In Further Remarks on The Neuro - Psychoses of Defense, Freud relates seduction with repression. The author thinks that his father death makes him doubt this theory. These oscillations went hand in hand with his auto-analysis, as it is related in the letters of October 3 and 15, 1897. In these letters the love to the mother and the jealousy to the father are introduced as key features. Nevertheless, the theory of seduction comes back recurrently in the works of Freud, and as late as 1906, in My Views on the Part Played by Sexuality in the Aetiology of the Neurose, he seems to down play the importance as a aetiology feature, considering that the hysterical patient falsified his memories and replaced them with fantasies. Towards the end of his life, in An Outline of Psycho - Analysis, Freud stated that the cares of the mother makes her in the first seducer of the child. According to Etchegoyen (2003), Freud never abandoned the theory of seduction.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A different interpretation of the Oedipus complex].

Is mans fate irrevocable predetermined or have we a certain amout of free will? We assume, that although restricted by his own developed character, and given circumstances, man has a choice and is capable to influence his destiny. According to Freud our actions and behaviour are often unconsciously motivated and frequently incomprehensible for ourselves. They are then independent of our "will" and capacity of decision--making. Freud observes rightly the ambivalence of seelings between father and son, mother and daughter and regards this as the essential factor for the character-formation of the developing child. However his interpretation that these feelings are always based on libidinous wishes and jealousy seems to the author too farfetched and not fully proved in all cases. In the author's opinion the basic problem of life must be an insolvable one and that is the problem of death. Seen from the father's point of view, the son, on one hand represents the only solution for continuation of his life, the only possibility of victory over death, on the other hand however, he will substitute him one day, make him superfluous and eventually take his place. A similar process takes place between mother and daughter who on one hand would like to enjoy the beauty and success of her daughter (whom she regards as her biological continuation)--by whom however she feels as well pushed aside and made older on the other hand. The Problem, how to vanquish death and the wish for continuation of our existance, the resistance against extinction and replacement by someone else, is of fundamental and inescapable importance. If we understand this, we will find a more profound explicaiton of ambivalent feelings between parents and children. The aim of human development should be, to find the right way, how to satisfy our justified urges in accepting the limits of our capacities and possibilities within the framework of reality.--In doing so, our creative capabilities and our desires for change and progress should not be inhibited. The acceptance of our Self, of the reality of life and of our limitations includes however also the acceptance of death. This inside therefore will have its positive effect also on the development of the ambivalent feelings between parents and children, which we could handle better, if we know and understand their meaning.

Aggression↗