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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Urachal adenocarcinoma metastatic to the ovary simulating primary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary: report of a case.

A 56-year-old woman had a large multicystic ovarian tumour 4 years after undergoing partial cystectomy for a deeply invasive urachal adenocarcinoma. On microscopic examination the ovarian tumour was a moderately differentiated mucinous cystadenocarcinoma similar to the urachal tumour. Several peritoneal biopsies and the omentum were positive for metastatic adenocarcinoma. Although initially interpreted as representing primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ovary with peritoneal spread, subsequent comparison with the previous urachal adenocarcinoma led to re-interpretation of the ovarian tumour as metastatic urachal carcinoma. Metastatic mucinous adenocarcinomas involving the ovary may be misinterpreted as primary ovarian carcinomas and the urinary bladder is a potential source of these neoplasms.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Hepatocellular carcinoma metastatic to the ovary: a report of three cases discovered during life with discussion of the differential diagnosis of hepatoid tumors of the ovary.

Three cases of hepatocellular carcinoma with ovarian metastases discovered during the patient's life are reported. A 31-year-old woman presented with back pain, and radiographic studies disclosed massive liver enlargement and bilateral ovarian tumors. The second patient, a 38-year-old woman, had an enlarged liver at the time of laparoscopic tubal ligation, and subsequently underwent right hepatic lobectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Three months later a left ovarian tumor was detected and a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy performed. The third patient, a 68-year-old woman, presented with gastrointestinal symptoms and weight loss, and had bilateral ovarian tumors and widespread tumor at laparotomy. Two patients died of their disease at 18 months and 4 years 7 months; the third patient is alive with residual tumor at 7 months. The ovarian tumors, which were bilateral and multinodular in two cases and focally cystic in one case, ranged from 4 to 11 cm in maximum dimension, and had yellow-green or yellow sectioned surfaces. On microscopic examination, they were composed of cells with moderate to abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm growing diffusely and in nodules, nests, and trabeculae; cysts or glands were conspicuous in two cases. Bile was present in one tumor. The main differential diagnostic considerations were hepatoid yolk sac tumor and hepatoid carcinoma, primary or metastatic in the ovary. A variety of features, including the age of the patient, unilaterality or bilaterality of the ovarian tumors, distribution of disease, and microscopic features of the neoplasm, including the identification of bile, established the diagnosis. Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma must be included in the differential diagnosis of oxyphil cell tumors of the ovary.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polycystic ovaries and polycystic ovary syndrome in epilepsy: evidence for neurogonadal disease.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a mysterious reproductive disorder that results in subfertility. The underlying causes are not known, and even the definition is a moving target. Women with epilepsy have features of PCOS at a higher than expected rate, and polycystic ovaries (PCO) also are present at high rates in this population. Valproate is associated with weight gain and increased androgen levels, two features of PCOS. This review proposes that epilepsy, with its known adverse effects on luteinizing hormone pulsatility, could be a cause of PCOS and that valproate could be an imitator, if not also a cause of the syndrome.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Loss of heterozygosity on 10q23.3 and mutation of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN in benign endometrial cyst of the ovary: possible sequence progression from benign endometrial cyst to endometrioid carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma of the ovary.

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at locus 10q23.3 and mutation of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene occur frequently in both endometrial carcinoma and ovarian endometrioid carcinoma. To investigate the potential role of the PTEN gene in the carcinogenesis of ovarian endometrioid carcinoma and its related subtype, clear cell carcinoma, we examined 20 ovarian endometrioid carcinomas, 24 clear cell carcinomas, and 34 solitary endometrial cysts of the ovary for LOH at 10q23.3 and point mutations within the entire coding region of the PTEN gene. LOH was found in 8 of 19 ovarian endometrioid carcinomas (42.1%), 6 of 22 clear cell carcinomas (27.3%), and 13 of 23 solitary endometrial cysts (56.5%). In 5 endometrioid carcinomas synchronous with endometriosis, 3 cases displayed LOH events common to both the carcinoma and the endometriosis, 1 displayed an LOH event in only the carcinoma, and 1 displayed no LOH events in either lesion. In 7 clear cell carcinomas synchronous with endometriosis, 3 displayed LOH events common to both the carcinoma and the endometriosis, 1 displayed an LOH event in only the carcinoma, and 3 displayed no LOH events in either lesion. In no cases were there LOH events in the endometriosis only. Somatic mutations in the PTEN gene were identified in 4 of 20 ovarian endometrioid carcinomas (20.0%), 2 of 24 clear cell carcinomas (8.3%), and 7 of 34 solitary endometrial cysts (20.6%). These results indicate that inactivation of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene is an early event in the development of ovarian endometrioid carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma of the ovary.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗
PubMed2005

Outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome or isolated polycystic ovaries.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and embryo transfer (ET) performance of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and isolated polycystic ovarian (PCO) morphology. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: IVF Center, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine. PATIENT(S): Ninety-nine consecutive infertile women (n = 109 cycles) with PCOS and 58 patients (n = 58 cycles) with isolated PCO morphology were recruited. The control group consisted of 210 patients (n = 232 cycles) with isolated male factor infertility necessitating ICSI. All three groups were matched for female age and body mass index. INTERVENTION(S): Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and ICSI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Oocyte number, fertilization rate, embryo quality, clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). RESULT(S): Six (5.5%) cycles in the PCOS group, 6 (10.3%) cycles in the PCO-only group, and 10 cycles (4.3%) in the control group were canceled. Despite a significantly lower total FSH dose used, a significantly higher serum E2 level was attained in both the PCOS and the PCO-only groups compared to the control group. The PCOS and PCO-only groups had significantly higher numbers of retrieved oocyte-cumulus complexes and metaphase II oocytes compared to the control group. The fertilization rates did not differ among the three groups. The mean number of embryos transferred was comparable among the three groups; however, the mean number of grade 1 embryos was significantly higher in the PCOS and PCO-only groups compared to the controls. The clinical pregnancy rates per ET of both the PCOS (66%) and the PCO-only (60%) groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (44%). However, the implantation rates were comparable among the three groups. Four cycles (3.7%) in the PCOS group had OHSS necessitating hospitalization. The respective figures in the PCO-only and the control groups were 1 (1.7%) and 3 (1.3%). CONCLUSION(S): Patients with the full-blown picture of PCOS or isolated PCO-only morphology behave exactly in the same manner during all stages of assisted reproduction. Owing to the availability of more fertilized oocytes and grade 1 embryos, patients with PCOS or PCO-only morphology are associated with higher clinical pregnancy rates per ET compared to patients with isolated male factor infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The effect of laparoscopic multiple punch resection of the ovary on hypothalamo-pituitary axis in polycystic ovary syndrome.

To evaluate the hormonal effect of laparoscopic ovarian punch resection in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO), seven PCO patients were examined for pulsatile gonadotropin secretions and pituitary sensitivity before and after operation. Marked reductions of luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse amplitudes, mean LH levels, pituitary LH responsiveness, and circulating androgen levels (P less than 0.05) were observed, 3 to 4 days and 6 weeks postoperatively. LH pulse frequency, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin (PRL) did not change significantly. These results are consistent with the reported hormonal effects of wedge resection and suggest that the impairment of ovarian surface acts on the hypothalamo-pituitary axis to decrease pituitary hypersensitivity and the key factor behind the resultant hormonal change lies not deep inside the ovarian stroma but in the superficial ovarian capsule.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

An analysis of the relationship between insulin resistance and the activity of steroid C17,20-lyase and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in ovaries and adrenals in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is connected with insulin resistance (IR), and often with the hypersecretion of adrenal androgens. Mutual relationships between IR and adrenal and ovarian steroidogenesis were investigated in the group of 19 oligo/amenorhoeic women with PCOS. The age and body mass index (BMI) of the patients were 21+/-4.7 years and 26.4+/-5 kg/m2 (average+/-SD), respectively. All underwent a 60-minute adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test, a gonadoliberin analogue (GnRHa) test with buserelin and an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. When absolute stimulated steroid levels after GnRHa were studied, a significant positive correlation between DHEA and area under curve during oGTT for C peptide (AUC-CP) (r=0.477, p= 0.039) and a borderline negative correlation (r=-0.404, p= 0.087) between AUC-CP and 17-OH progesterone, were found. Considering steroid values after ACTH, a significant positive correlation of IR index was found only with 17-OH-progesterone (r=0.499, p= 0.03). When stimulated enzymatic activities (expressed as product/ precursor ratios) were analyzed using factor analysis, a positive relationship between IR and ovarian C17,20-lyase in both delta4 and delta5 pathway was revealed. On the other hand, no relationship was confirmed between IR and enzymatic activities in the adrenals. The authors conclude that insulin resistance and/or hyperinsulinemia is probably not the primary factor responsible for the exaggerated adrenal androgen secretion found in a great number of patients with PCOS.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Leptin, polycystic ovaries and polycystic ovary syndrome.

As soon as leptin was discovered four years ago, its potential as a player in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was explored in a primitive way, though little light was shed on the enigma that is PCOS. As a second wave of leptin research is now available, we review how the expanded role of the cytokine in reproduction might yet impact upon our understanding of PCOS.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Hormonal and clinical effects of multifollicular puncture and resection on the ovaries of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Sixteen women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were treated with laparoscopic multifollicular puncture and resection (MPR), an original technique which we substitute for ovarian wedge resection. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), androstenedione (A) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) were measured daily before and after the operation. Clinically, 15 of the 16 patients (93.8%) exhibited spontaneous ovulation and pregnancies occurred in 8 patients (50%). Significant hormonal changes were observed in serum T. Serum T levels dropped in response to the treatment and remained low for 5 days. Serum E1, A, DHEAS and LH levels were elevated before treatment and did not change after the operation. Serum E2 and FSH levels were within the normal range before the treatment and did not change after the operation. We conclude that surgical treatment for PCOS patients should consist of laparoscopic MPR.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of microsurgical resection of the ovary on fertility in patients with polycystic ovary resistant to clomiphene citrate].

Thirteen patients with clomiphene citrate resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO-CR) were documented by clinical and endocrine profile. Exogenous gonadotropins (HMG, hFSH, hCG), or gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) plus gonadotropins represent a new approach to induce ovulation in these (PCO-CR) patients. 92% of these patients ovulated with exogenous gonadotropin, nevertheless the pregnancy rate was only 53%. Five out seven PCO-RC patients did not achieve pregnancy with exogenous gonadotrophins, but they did after ovarian wedge resection. It is interesting to note that four of these patients achieved their second and third pregnancy without any therapy. The authors conclude that the ovarian wedge resection may had to improve in the quality of ovulation in this very selective group of infertile patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Estimating live birth rates after ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome: sample size calculations for the pregnancy in polycystic ovary syndrome trial.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects approximately 5% of the female population, and is a leading cause of infertility, primarily secondary to anovulation. Clomiphene citrate has been standard therapy for ovulation induction in patients seeking pregnancy, but recent evidence suggests that insulin sensitizing agents such as metformin may also be effective. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development's Reproductive Medicine Network has begun a randomized, double-blind trial of clomiphene vs. metformin vs. clomiphene plus metformin for the induction of ovulation in patients with PCOS seeking pregnancy, with live birth rate as the primary outcome. Because the available literature was largely limited to surrogate outcomes such as ovulation and pregnancy rates, we created a Markov model to derive estimates of likely live birth rates in each arm. Using these estimates, we then constructed an algorithm that allowed only two formal comparisons between the three arms. First, we assumed that combination therapy would have to be superior to the next best single-agent therapy in order to be preferred, because of complexity, costs, increased side effects, etc. If combination therapy is not superior to the next best single agent, then the only other comparison of interest is between the two single agent therapies. Because the third possible comparison, between the best and worst of the three therapies, is not clinically relevant, it can be eliminated from formal statistical consideration, with subsequent reduction in sample size. Based on the opinion of the Network Steering Committee that a 15% absolute difference in live birth rates would be clinically relevant, our methodology resulted in a sample size of 226 per arm, or a total of 678 subjects. The PPCOS trial should definitively answer the question of the relative efficacy of metformin, clomiphene, and combination therapy in the treatment of infertile women with PCOS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Fluorescence localization of luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin uptake in the primate ovary: characterizatin of the preovulatory ovary.

A fluorescent derivative of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for binding studies was prepared by conjugation of hightly purified hCG with fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC-hCG) in a molar ratio of 3:1. The resulting FITC-hCG conjugate retained full cross-reactivity with antibodies directed against intact hCG, the hCG beta-subunit, the carboxyl-terminal peptide sequence of beta-hCG. The fluorescent hormone retained binding activity similar to that of native hCG, and the capacity to induce progesterone production from primate corpora luteal cells in vitro. After intravenous administration to female rhesus monkeys, FITC-hCG was localized within the theca cell layer of certain antral follicles, including the dominant follicle, but no fluorescence was noted around preantral follicles. Areas of fluorescence were also localized to discrete groups of interstitial gland cells in the stroma. The degree of fluorescence associated with these cells was indistinguishable from that observed in the thecal cells. The development of a fluorescent derivative that is biologically and immunologically similar to native hCG has permitted differential microscopic localization of luteinizing hormone/hCG uptake in the preovulatory ovary.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Enhancement of ricin cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells by depletion of intracellular K+: evidence for an Na+/H+ exchange system in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Depletion of intracellular K+ has been reported to result in an arrest of the formation of coated pits in human fibroblasts (Larkin, J.M., M.S. Brown, J.L. Goldstein, and R.G.W. Anderson, 1983, Cell, 33:273-285). We have studied the effects of K+ depletion on the cytotoxicities of ricin, Pseudomonas exotoxin A, and diphtheria toxin in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The cytotoxicities of ricin and Pseudomonas toxin were enhanced in K+-depleted CHO cells whereas the cytotoxicity of diphtheria toxin was reduced by K+ depletion. The effects of NH4Cl on the cytotoxicities of ricin, Pseudomonas toxin, and diphtheria toxin were found to be similar to those of K+ depletion, and there were no additive or synergistic effects on ricin cytotoxicity by NH4Cl in K+-depleted medium. The enhancement of ricin cytotoxicity by K+ depletion could be completely reversed by the addition of K+, Rb+, and partially by the addition of Cs+, before the ricin treatment, whereas Li+ was ineffective. These protective effects of K+ or Rb+ requires a functional Na+/K+ ATPase. CHO cells grown in K+-depleted media were found to contain 6.3-fold increase in intracellular Na+ level, concomitant with a 10-fold reduction in intracellular K+ level. The enhanced cytotoxicity of ricin in K+-free medium and the increased uptake of Na+ could be abolished by amiloride or amiloride analogues, which are known to be potent inhibitors of the Na+/H+ antiport system. Our results suggest that a depletion of intracellular K+ results in an influx of Na+, which is accompanied by the extrusion of H+. Consequently, there is an alkalinization of the cytosol and the ricin-containing endosomes. As a result, ricin is more efficiently released from the endosomes in-K+-depleted cells. Results from the studies of the binding, internalization, and degradation of 125I-ricin, and the kinetics of inhibition of protein synthesis by ricin in K+-depleted cells are consistent with this working hypothesis.

ADP Ribose Transferases↗
PubMed2002

Should patients with polycystic ovary syndrome be treated with metformin? Benefits of insulin sensitizing drugs in polycystic ovary syndrome--beyond ovulation induction.

The debate on metformin use in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has mainly focused on its treatment for infertility in ovulation induction and menstrual cyclicity. Here we will summarize the data supporting the effect of metformin on improving hyperandrogenaemia and hyperinsulinaemia in PCOS patients. We propose that metformin benefits PCOS patients undergoing gonadotrophin therapy and IVF as well as ovulation induction. We also advocate the use of insulin sensitizing drugs to reduce miscarriage rates, and risks associated with coronary artery disease, gestational diabetes and obesity.

Androgens↗
PubMed2003

Ovary development and polydnavirus morphogenesis in the parasitic wasp Chelonus inanitus. I. Ovary morphogenesis, amplification of viral DNA and ecdysteroid titres.

Polydnaviruses are unique symbiotic viruses that are replicated in the calyx cells of the ovary of some parasitic wasps. They have a segmented genome of circular double-stranded DNA and are injected along with the wasp's egg into the host, where they are essential for successful parasitism. Polydnaviruses replicate from integrated proviral DNA, and after excision of viral segments, flanking DNA is rejoined. Little is known about ovarian morphogenesis, the mode of amplification of the viral DNA and the involvement of ecdysteroids. Here we have analysed these parameters in the course of pupal-adult development in the braconid wasp Chelonus inanitus. Immediately after pupation, ovarian cells proliferated and calyx cells began to differentiate; at this stage ecdysteroids, in particular 20-hydroxyecdysone, were highest. Thereafter, calyx cells began to increase in size and DNA content and eventually became gigantic. Amplification of non-viral DNA (actin) and viral DNA in its integrated and excised form and of corresponding rejoined flanking regions was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. In the early phase of calyx cell differentiation, copy numbers of actin and integrated viral DNA increased to a similar extent. This, along with the increase in nuclear volume and DNA content in the absence of extensive cell proliferation, suggested polyploidization of the early stage calyx cells. In the following phase, integrated viral DNA was selectively and intensively amplified and eventually excised and circularized. As copy numbers of excised circular viral DNA and rejoined flanking DNA reached similarly high levels, excised viral DNA appeared not to replicate. After adult eclosion, amplification of viral DNA declined.

Animals↗