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PubMed2003

From risky behaviors to chronic outcomes: current status and Healthy People 2010 goals for American Indians in Oklahoma.

OBJECTIVES: The objective was to estimate the rates of behavior-related risk factors among American Indians in Oklahoma, and compare those to the Oklahoma general population rates and Healthy People 2010 goals where available. METHODS: The REACH 2010 Native American Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, a random telephone survey, was conducted in 2000 as a part of the larger national REACH initiative. It had 3,732 respondents and it included measures related to health status, health care access, overweight, exercise, tobacco use, alcohol use, hypertension, cholesterol screening and diabetes. RESULTS: Self-reported health status was excellent or very good among 52% of respondents and fair or poor among 21%. Sixty-one percent of adults were overweight or obese. Prevalence of current cigarette smoking was at 33%. Binge drinking in the last month was present among 18% of American Indian adults. Thirty percent of adults did not engage in any leisure time physical activity during the last month. Diagnosed high blood pressure was reported by 26% of respondents, and prevalence of diabetes exceeded 8%. CONCLUSIONS: Majority of the recorded behaviors are above Healthy People 2010 goals, and exceed Oklahoma general population rates. There are also some significant gender differences, demonstrating the need for targeted intervention activities.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Using BRFSS data to estimate prevalence of obesity and physical activities in Oklahoma.

UNLABELLED: Obesity has risen at an epidemic rate during the past two decades in the United States. OBJECTIVE: this report describes the obesity prevalence and its relations to physical activities in Oklahoma. METHOD: Used data from Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2001-2003 for analysis. RESULT: In Oklahoma, the prevalence rates of obesity were increasing in the recent decades and reached 23.3%. People with lower income, fewer years in school, being male, and certain minority groups tend to have higher obesity prevalence rate than others. People with obesity tend to report having chronic diseases. Although self-reported moderate physical activity in Oklahoma has already met the Healthy People 2010 Objective, percentage of no leisure-time physical activity was still high. CONCLUSION: Relationship between prevalence of obesity and physical activity is difficult to interpret. Other risk factors of obesity should be considered in further study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Association of obesity and smoking with chronic diseases among Oklahoma adults.

Obesity and smoking are the two modifiable risk factors that contribute the most for many chronic diseases. Obesity has nearly doubled in Oklahoma and in the US since 1990 while Oklahoma adult smoking rates have remained above 25%. The purpose of this study was to utilize the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to describe the associations between overweight, obesity, and cigarette smoking with selected chronic diseases among Oklahoma adults. The BRFSS is an ongoing, state-based, random-digit dialing telephone survey of the non-institutionalized adult population ages 18 years and older designed to collect various kinds of health-related information. Descriptive statistics were obtained for high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, asthma, and arthritis by BMI status (i.e. not overweight, overweight, obese) and smoking status (i.e., current, former, never). Logistic regression was performed to test for associations between BMI status or smoking status and these diseases. Self-reported diabetes, arthritis, and lifetime high blood pressure and high cholesterol rates were higher among those who were overweight and highest among those who were obese, while asthma rates were higher among obese adults than those who were not obese. Asthma rates were higher for those who currently smoke than former smokers and never smokers. Former smokers had significantly higher rates of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and arthritis compared to never smokers or current smokers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials in Riyadh, Medina, and Oklahoma City.

Many bacteria are known to develop resistance to anti-microbial agents following their clinical use. The resistance pattern varies from one geographic location to another depending upon the patient population and local history of antibiotic use. The bacterial resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents in Oklahoma City was found to be different from two cities in Saudi Arabia, especially amongst Gram-negative bacilli. A total of 13,575 fresh clinical isolates from the Veterans Administration Medical Center (VAMC), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH), Riyadh; and the King Fahad Hospital (KFH), Medina, Saudi Arabia; were used. There were 6,270 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, 2,799 pseudomonads and Acinetobacter, and 4,506 Gram positive strains of staphylococcus bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria from KFH were considerably more resistant to ampicillin, gentamicin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole than at KFSH and VAMC. On the other hand, Staphylococcus aureus isolated from VAMC exhibited a significantly higher degree of resistance to oxacillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole than those at KFSH and KFH.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

Incidence of Legionella pneumophila infections among Oklahoma pulmonary disease patients.

Prior studies by the authors suggested high levels of Legionella pneumophila in the recreational and water supply reservoirs in central Oklahoma. This high exposure potential was supported by a relatively high prevalence of seropositive, asymptomatic infections among healthy blood donors in the area. In contrast, the present 9-month laboratory-based study confirmed only one clinical Legionella infection among 117 unidentified pulmonary disease patients admitted to the Oklahoma City Veterans Administration Medical Center. Comparison with the reports of others and with reported legionellosis in Oklahoma indicates that differences in cohort definition and variations in utilization and interpretation of clinical analyses leads to wide variations in the reported incidence of legionellosis.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Health policy brief: obstetrics in nonmetropolitan Oklahoma.

This brief is a summary of a 68-page analysis of a survey conducted by the Center for Health Policy Research, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Tulsa. There are 9 appendices and 96 data analysis tables in the complete analysis. The survey was conducted in the summer and fall of 1988. Survey instruments were mailed to all Oklahoma obstetricians and family and general practitioners not practicing in Tulsa or Oklahoma counties. There were 300 responses, 274 of which were validated for inclusion into the study. The complete survey will be of interest to some institutions and groups and is available upon request. Customized analysis of the survey variables also is available to interested parties upon request.

Fees, Medical↗
PubMed1987

Bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer from Oklahoma: serologic evaluation and virus isolation.

Blood samples were collected from 194 white-tailed deer from 27 locations in Oklahoma from 1977 through 1984. Sixty-eight (35%) of the deer had antibody against bluetongue virus (BTV) and 78 (40%) had antibody against epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. Seropositive deer were detected in each of the 4 geographic quadrants of the state. Virus isolation was attempted in 40 deer from the northeast quadrant of Oklahoma (1983 through 1984); BTV was isolated from 11 deer, but epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus was not isolated. The isolation of BTV serotype 11 from these deer from 1983 through 1984 coincided with reported isolations of this serotype in other ruminants in Oklahoma during this time.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Relationship between prevalence of alcohol problems and socioeconomic conditions among Oklahoma Native Americans.

Oklahoma Indian tribes are ranked according to five problem drinking indicators and five socioeconomic indices. The relationship between the tribes' prevalence of alcohol problems and socioeconomic conditions is examined. Unfavorable socioeconomic conditions predicted high rates of alcohol problems, but more favorable conditions did not predict low rates. Social controls may be more important than socioeconomic conditions in controlling alcohol problems among Oklahoma Native Americans. In a previously published study we found that Native American tribes in Oklahoma varied dramatically in the extent to which they suffered from alcohol problems. In this followup study we have sought explanation for these large differences by comparing the socioeconomic conditions of the tribes to their rates of alcohol related problems. The relationship between socioeconomic conditions and alcohol problems has received considerable attention in the literature. Popham, et. al. found that when the price of beverage alcohol relative to average disposable (real) income is high, indices of alcohol consumption and alcoholism are usually low, and vice versa. In a similar vein, Edwards et. al. suggested that alcoholism is likely to increase the risk of death more in upperclass than in lowerclass alcoholics. On the other hand, others have blamed economic deprivations for high rates of problem drinking, especially among disadvantaged minorities. Price suggested that Indian societies which had little access to economic opportunities have more drinking problems than those with great access. Caravedo found that socioeconomic deprivation is a primary factor in both the etiology and the medical consequences of alcoholism.

Accidents↗
PubMed1995

Breast cancer in Oklahoma. Unnecessary deaths.

Deaths of Oklahoma women can be prevented by early detection using mammography and clinical breast examinations. This study summarizes the responses from the Oklahoma Behavioral Risk Factor Study, and the results indicate that Oklahoma women, especially low income and less well educated women, are not receiving these screening tests in adequate numbers. Physicians have a major responsibility to correct this by recommending such tests and encouraging women to take advantage of them.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Perinatal mortality in Oklahoma.

OBJECTIVE: To identify areas of need in Oklahoma's perinatal care system by analysis of trends in perinatal mortality from 1939 through 1991. DATA: Derived from birth certificates and annual tabulation published by the Maternal Child Health Division, Oklahoma State Department of Health. RESULTS: Every measure of perinatal mortality has declined in the period studied. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Oklahoma's perinatal mortality rate is declining. (2) Preventable deaths still occur. (3) Programs are in place to appropriately deal with the problems that lead to preventable deaths. (4) These programs must be allowed to continue or expand their efforts to further reduce preventable perinatal death.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1996

Electricity-related deaths on lakes--Oklahoma, 1989-1993.

Drowning accounts for approximately 4200 deaths each year in the United States. Although electricity is documented infrequently as a cause of such fatalities, contact with electricity can result in death through temporary paralysis and drowning of persons who are swimming or wading, or through electrocution. From June 1989 through September 1993, five persons died on lakes in Oklahoma following contact or suspected contact with electrical currents. Four deaths occurred at two adjoining lakes in northeastern Oklahoma (lake A), and one at a lake in the southern part of the state (lake B). The five deaths occurred among males aged 13-50 years who were either swimming, working on or near docks, or working with electricity when they sustained fatal injuries. This report summarizes the investigation of these deaths by medical examiners (MEs) and the Oklahoma State Department of Health (OSDH).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Health care of Oklahoma Indians.

The many unique aspects of Indian life extend into the health care arena, of special interest in Oklahoma, the "home of the red man." The long historical relationship of certain Indian tribes with the federal government has resulted in one of the most complicated social, administrative, and governmental arrangements anywhere. A consequence of this relationship was, in effect, a business transaction resulting in the ceding of virtually all Indian lands of the U.S. and an assumption by the latter to provide certain services, including health care, to affected tribes. With the 33 different tribes in Oklahoma; the dual entitlement possessed by Indian people; the contributions of the Indian Health Service to the economy of Oklahoma; and the growing revolution in health care, knowledge of the special circumstances of Indian life and health care is important even for practitioners who do not regularly encounter Indian people in their own practices.

Health Services Accessibility↗
PubMed1997

Alcohol consumption among Oklahoma women: before and during pregnancy. The PRAMS Working Group. Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System.

The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) utilizes a population-based survey of Oklahoma women with a recent live birth to examine the rates of alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy. Nearly one-half of Oklahoma women report using alcohol during the three months before pregnancy and one in thirteen women consume alcohol during the three months prior to delivery. Moderate to heavy alcohol use before pregnancy was associated with additional perinatal risk factors including unintended pregnancy, inadequate prenatal care, smoking, and physical abuse. Health providers play an important role in the prevention of alcohol related birth impairments such as fetal alcohol syndrome through early detection of problem drinking, patient education and appropriate referrals. However, one in four Oklahoma mothers report their health care provider did not talk to them about the harmful effects alcohol can have on their baby.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nonmarital births in Oklahoma 1975-1995.

This report uses data from the Oklahoma State Department of Health to describe past trends and current patterns of nonmarital births in Oklahoma. Between 1975 and 1995, the percentage of unmarried women delivering a live birth in Oklahoma increased from 12% to 31%. Adult nonmarital births increased faster than teen nonmarital births, but teens had a higher percentage of nonmarital births. White rates increased faster than African-American and Native American rates, but African-Americans had a higher percentage of nonmarital births. Unmarried women who give birth were more likely to be poor and lack education; additionally, they were less likely to receive early prenatal care, more likely to have had low weight births, and more likely to have had an unintended pregnancy. Birth outcomes are poorer among unmarried women, but this may be due to poverty and education rather than marital status alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The preparticipation physical examination and its current status in Oklahoma.

Every year several thousands of preparticipation physical examinations (PPE) are performed for high school athletes. The main goal is to provide health and safety for the high school athletes. A 1997 monograph sets forth recommended guidelines for the PPE. The objective of this paper is to review the monograph and compare it to the current practice within Oklahoma. The form provided by the Oklahoma Secondary School Activities Association lacks proper screening questions, especially for cardiac disease and exercise induced asthma. The recommendations in the monograph provide an excellent foundation from which uniform guidelines can be developed. Oklahoma should strongly consider adopting the monograph's form or updating the current form.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Congenital hypothyroidism screening in Oklahoma: a change in follow-up recommendations for 1999.

Effective January 1999, the Newborn Metabolic Disorder Screening Follow-up Program of the Oklahoma State Department of Health will no longer track hypothyroidism screen results of one abnormal T4 with normal TSH result. The Oklahoma State Department of Health Newborn Metabolic Disorder Screening Program (NMDSP) began screening for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in 1979 and has subsequently identified 159 affected newborns. In 1997, Oklahoma had 46,740 live births, 51,431 specimens submitted to NMDSP Laboratory for screening, 1,302 infants identified with an abnormal thyroid screen, and 11 infants diagnosed with CH with an average treatment age of 23.2 days (see Table 1). The NMDSP identifies an average of 14 CH cases each year. The pediatric health care provider can anticipate that in his/her practice, one out of 64 infants will be identified with an abnormal T4 with normal TSH result, and one out of 82 will be identified with an abnormal TSH value. In summary, one out of 36 infants will have some degree of abnormality on the thyroid screen.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗
PubMed2006

Burkholderia oklahomensis sp. nov., a Burkholderia pseudomallei-like species formerly known as the Oklahoma strain of Pseudomonas pseudomallei.

C6786, the clinical isolate of the 'Oklahoma' strain of Pseudomonas (now Burkholderia) pseudomallei, was originally isolated in 1973 from a wound infection resulting from a farming accident in Oklahoma, USA. Environmental isolates C7532 and C7533 from the Oklahoma accident site were found to match C6786. These three isolates and a clinical isolate originally identified as B. pseudomallei that was recovered from a person in Georgia, USA, involved in an automobile accident were characterized by biochemical, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, multilocus sequence typing and DNA-DNA hybridization analyses. Results indicated that these strains comprise a novel species. The name Burkholderia oklahomensis sp. nov. is proposed, with strain C6786(T) (=LMG 23618(T)=NCTC 13387(T)=CCUG 51349(T)) as the type strain.

Burkholderia↗
PubMed2005

All-terrain vehicle-related central nervous system injuries in Oklahoma.

OBJECTIVE: Determine the statewide, population-based incidence and epidemiology of all-terrain vehicle (ATV)-related severe central nervous system (CNS) injuries in Oklahoma. METHODS: Hospitalized and fatal traumatic brain injuries and spinal cord injuries are reportable conditions in Oklahoma. Professionally trained staff reviewed all medical examiner and hospital medical records. RESULTS: From 1992 through 2002 there were 391 persons hospitalized (n=353) or died (n=38) from an ATV-related neurologic injury (average annual rate 1.1/100,000 population), including 369 traumatic brain injuries and 18 spinal cord injuries and 4 persons with both injuries. These accounted for 1% of total CNS injuries in Oklahoma. Forty-five percent of persons who died were under 16 years of age. An average of 23 ATV-related injuries per year occurred before 1998; the number of cases doubled in 1999 and 2000 (mean=46) and tripled in 2002 and 2003 (mean=69). Rates were highest among males 15-24 (4.1/100,000) and 5-14 (3.8/100,000) and among whites (1.2/100,000). Persons who collided with a stationary or moving object were significantly more likely to suffer a fatal traumatic brain injury than those in non-collision events (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.4, 6.8). Rollover of the ATV occurred in 38% of ATV incidents, and in 28% of traumatic brain injury fatalities, it occurred without a preceding collision. CONCLUSIONS: ATV use can result in significant neurologic morbidity and mortality, especially among children and young adults. Heightened public awareness and parental education on the dangers of these vehicles is imperative. State legislation restricting the use of ATVs among children under the age of 16 years is recommended. Vehicle design changes such as lowering the center of gravity and installing rollover protective structures should be considered.

Abbreviated Injury Scale↗