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PubMed1976

Specific removal of bovine serum albumin (BSA) antibodies in vivo by extracorporeal circulation over BSA immobilized on nylon microcapsules.

Studies were undertaken to determine whether BSA, once immobilized on activated nylon microspheres, would be capable of specifically removing circulating BSA antibody in vitro and in vivo in an extracorporeal circulation system in dogs. Nylon microspheres were prepared and, after gentle hydrolysis and glutaraldehyde treatment, demonstrated a retention of up to 34.5 mg of BSA. In vitro studies showed that BSA immobilized on microspheres removed a significant percentage of BSA-binding activity. For in vivo studies, an extracorporeal circulation system was established and mongrel dogs were then injected with anti-BSA and anti-HSA antibodies. After an equilibration period, BSA microspheres were introduced into the extracorporeal circulation system. After the insertion of BSA microcapsules, serum exhibited a sharp reduction in BSA binding over the next 15 min, with a more gradual diminution over the ensuing 60 to 90 min. There was no significant reduction in anti-HSA binding over the same time frame. This effect could not be attributed to release of BSA from the microspheres since no 125I-BSA was detected in the serum or organs of the dogs at the conclusion of the experiments. After extracorporeal circulation over nylon microspheres, there were only minimal changes in the host's hematocrit or leukocyte counts and no significant thrombotic material or cellular debris was recoverable on the capsules. These data suggest that antigen immobilized on nylon microspheres may specifically withdraw circulating antibodies in vivo with minimal release of its antigenic material and little alteration in the host's hematologic status.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

A comparative study of the nylon T and copper T 200.

The nylon T IUD is identical to the copper T 200 except for the composition of nylon/copper. A study conducted at the Family Planning Institute in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia compared the nylon T with the copper T. Devices were randomly administered to women who had not been pregnant during the month prior to insertion. The pregnancy rate for the nylon T group was 13.0 at 12 months, significantly higher (Por= 0.01) than the rate of 0.0 for the copper T group. Effectiveness of copper devices is related to the copper itself, rather than being an effect of the increased surface area alone.

Birth Rate↗

PubMed1977

Intradermal sutures in facial lacerations. Comparative study of clear monofilament nylon and polyglycolic acid.

A blind study comparing the clinical inflammatory response of intradermal clear monofilament nylon sutures with polyglycolic acid sutures was carried out on 106 patients with facial lacerations. There were no clinically apparent infections in either group of sutures. Intradermal monofilament nylon was associated with significantly less inflammatory response than similarly placed polyglycolic acid sutures. The lesser inflammatory response, the tolerance to infection, and the greatly prolonged tensile strength of monofilament nylon are factors that lend support to its being the superior intradermal suture in facial lacerations.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

The influence of penicillin on experimental wound contamination with staphylococci: studies with chromic catgut and monofilament nylon closure.

This study examines the ability of penicillin to eradicate or modify the pattern of infection in experimental wounds contaminated with Staphylococcus pyrogenes in the presence of chromic catgut or monofilament nylon suture. Penicillin therapy initiated within 4 days of the onset of infection was successful in eradicating infection when compared with untreated controls (P less than 0-01). Infection was modified but not eradicated in penicillin was administered from the seventh day. The response of infection to penicillin was identical in wounds containing monofilament nylon or chromic catgut over a 21-day period. Antibiotics given before wound drainage permitted healing of all chronically infected wounds even in the presence of monofilament nylon. When antibiotics were begun at the time of drainage, wound healing occurred in 50 per cent (P less than 0-01).

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Closure of midline laparotomy incisions with polydioxanone and nylon: the importance of suture technique.

The healing of midline laparotomy incisions closed with a continuous suture of nylon or second-generation polydioxanone was evaluated in a randomized clinical trial. The effect of suture technique, reflected in the suture length to wound length ratio, was also assessed. All patients who underwent abdominal surgery through a midline incision were included except those with incisional hernia after previous midline operation. Wound dehiscence occurred in five (0.6 per cent) of 813 patients and wound infection in 73 (9.0 per cent). These rates were similar for both suture materials, as were those for the development of suture sinus and prolonged postoperative wound pain. Incisional hernia 12 months after surgery was found in 49 (15.1 per cent) of 325 wounds sutured with polydioxanone and in 50 (15.7 per cent) of 318 closed with nylon (P = 0.91). There was a significant correlation between the hernia rate and the suture to wound length ratio for both materials (P < 0.001). These results indicate that suture of midline laparotomy wounds is as safe with polydioxanone as it is with nylon. Incisional hernia is associated more with suture technique than with the material used.

Female↗

PubMed1993

Comparison of 10-0 polypropylene and 10-0 nylon sutures in rat arterial anastomosis.

The selection of suture materials is an important factor in further improving the results of microsurgical operations. In this study, two kinds of nonabsorbable suture materials, 10-0 polypropylene and 10-0 nylon monofilament, were compared in end-to-end anastomosis of 66 femoral arteries of adult rats. Both suture types were of identical size (70 microns needle/28 microns suture) and each artery received eight sutures. The vessels were harvested at various intervals from 2 hr to 180 days postoperatively and were evaluated by pathology, radiology, and tensile strength test. The results show that both sutures are capable of achieving excellent long-term patency (100%) of anastomosed sites. Polypropylene suture was equivalent to nylon in mechanical integrity of the anastomosis sites but was superior in handling, knotting, and biocompatibility. These physical and biological properties of polypropylene sutures may offer the benefits of diminished early and late complications at anastomosis sites and reduced operation time. Enhancement of contrast against surrounding tissue may make polypropylene a superior alternative to nylon sutures for microsurgical use.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMed1980

Suture loosening and gamma sterilization of 10-0 nylon.

The tissue reaction to 10-0 nylon sutures sterilized with gamma-rays was compared to the reaction caused by 10-0 nylon thread sterilized with ethylene oxide. In a vascularized cornea more tissue reaction was seen to 10-0 nylon thread sterilized with gamma-rays than to sutures sterilized with ethylene oxide gas.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Comparison of the reaction of the cornea to nylon and stainless steel sutures: an animal study.

In 11 rabbits a comparison was made between the reactions of the cornea to nylon and to stainless steel sutures, macroscopically and by means of scanning electron-microscopy (SEM). Macroscopically, the wounds sutured with steel thread showed much less reaction than the wounds sutured with nylon. Vascularization was never encountered in the wounds sutured with steel thread. SEM examination also showed clear differences, which became noticeable within a short time. Both on the suture and round the opening in the cornea extensive deposits of material are seen within a short time (1 week) in the case of nylon, in the case of stainless steel this reaction is much less marked. A few weeks later deposits also appear on the steel thread, but these have a different composition and contain no material suggestive of an inflammatory reaction.

Alloys↗

PubMed1986

UV crosslinking of RNA to nylon membrane enhances hybridization signals.

An improvement in the detection by nucleic acid hybridization of size-fractionated RNA immobilized to nylon-based membranes is described. Electrophoretic transfer of RNA to nylon membranes permits a quantitative determination of different RNA transcripts on the same membrane after sequential hybridization using different 32P-labeled DNA probes. UV crosslinking of the RNA to the nylon membrane increased the intensity of the radioactive signals. Using the method reported here, increased signals of between 10 and 40 fold were observed, depending on the species of transcript tested. Moderately abundant as well as rare transcripts can easily be detected in as little as 5 micrograms total cellular RNA.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Biodegradation of nylon oligomers.

This mini-review is a compendium of the degradation of a man-made compound, 6-aminohexanoate-oligomer, in Flavobacterium strains. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Three enzymes, 6-aminohexanoate-cyclic-dimer hydrolase (EI), 6-aminohexanoate-dimer hydrolase (EII), and endotype 6-aminohexanoate-oligomer hydrolase (EIII) were responsible for degradation of the oligomers. 2. The genes coding these enzymes were located on pOAD2, one of three plasmids harbored in Flavobacterium sp. KI72, which comprised 45,519 bp. 3. The gene coding the EII' protein (a protein having 88% homology with EII) and five IS6100 elements were identified on pOAD2. 4. The specific activity of EII was 200-fold higher than that of EII'. However, altering two amino acid residues in the EII' enzyme enhanced the activity of EII' to the same level as that of the EII enzyme. 5. The deduced amino acid sequences from eight regions of pOAD2 had significant similarity with the sequences of gene products such as oppA-F (encoding oligopeptide permease), ftsX (filamentation temperature sensitivity), penDE (isopenicillin N-acyltransferase) and rep (plasmid replication). 6. The EI and EII genes of Pseudomonas sp. NK87 (another nylon oligomer-degrading bacterium) were also located on plasmids. 7. Through selective cultivation using nylon oligomers as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen, two strains which initially had no metabolic activity for nylon oligomers, Flavobacterium sp. KI725 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, were given the ability to degrade xenobiotic compounds. A molecular basis for the adaptation of microorganisms toward xenobiotic compounds was described.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗

PubMed1992

Adjustable nylon ties for abdominal wall closure.

A study in 64 patients with a high risk of wound dehiscence or eviscerated wounds or in whom repeat laparotomies for peritoneal lavages due to sepsis were planned was accomplished using adjustable nylon ties for the closure of the abdominal wall, either as retention sutures or as one-layer sutures. The adjustable nylon ties are described, as well as the technique for placing and adjusting them. It is concluded that the adjustable nylon ties can substitute advantageously for the conventional retention sutures since the former are wider, easy to place, and can be readjusted to the point that they can be opened completely if it is necessary and then closed again. This is especially useful when repeat laparotomies for peritoneal lavages are required in patients with intra-abdominal sepsis.

Abdominal Muscles↗

PubMed1976

Altered surface topology and membrane functions of rat thymocytes eluted from nylon wool columns.

(1) Following incubation of thymocytes with nylon wool at 37 degrees C, the eluted cells showed an increase in the number of microvilli per cell and a concominant elongation of the microvilli (0.22 mum versus 1.15 mum. (2) Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cylic AMP) levels were lowered by 30-50% in nylon wool-treated thymocytes. (3) Nylon wool-treated cells showed an impaired Na+-dependent amino acid transport system (2-aminoisobutyrate) whereas the Na+-independent amino acid transport system (1-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylate) was unaffected.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1976

Electrophoretic mobility of human lymphocytes purified by nylon wool columns and spontaneous sheep red blood cells rosetting techniques correlation with immunofluorescence.

Cell electrophoresis allows separation of normal human lymphocytes into two principal groups which are a function of their relative rates of migration. In 42 healthy adults, 19.9% of the lymphocytes have a slower migration rate, and 80.1%, a faster migration rate than the reference speed (1 mum - sec-1 - cm). Two methods are used for the selection of the lymphocytic populations: spontaneous rosetting with sheeps red blood cells, a property of T-lymphocytes, and adherence to nylon wool columns, which preferentially selects B-lymphocytes. The cells which do not form spontaneous rosettes, but adhere to nylon wool columns show mainly slow migration. Cells which do not adhere to nylon columns show a faster migration rate. These findings affirm the T-nature of the rapidly migrating lymphocytes, and the B-nature of the slow-migrating lymphocytes. Results by the immunofluorescence technique confirm this.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Application of solid-phase antibodies to radioimmunoassay. Evaluation of two polymeric microparticles, Dynospheres and nylon, activated by carbonyldiimidazole or tresyl chloride.

Two types of polymeric microparticle, Dynospheres and reprecipitated acid-hydrolysed nylon 6/6, and two methods of activating these particles with either tresyl chloride or carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) prior to covalent linkage of antibodies were investigated with a view towards their respective adoption for the preparation of general solid-phase reagents for immunoassay applications. Activation of each particle and coupling of antibodies was rapid irrespective of the activator. CDI proved to be the activator of choice since it was cheap, less hazardous, more efficient and less pH dependent than tresyl chloride. Both types of microparticle remain buoyant during the RIA incubation periods and form stable pellets after centrifugation. In second antibody applications immobilisation of the first antibody occurs with a short incubation period of 30 min. Nylon microparticles have a higher antibody-coupling capacity and are the particles of choice in both first and second antibody applications. However, the nylon microparticles possess marginally higher non-specific binding characteristics.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

A rapid radioimmunoassay, using a nylon support, for amatoxins from Amanita mushrooms.

A fetuin derivative of alpha-amanitin was prepared and used as an antigen in rabbits. The antigen was superior to previous bovine serum albumin derivatives of beta-amanitin by its lower toxicity and high immunogenicity. On the other hand, the antibodies raised with the alpha-amanitin derivative did not show full crossreactivity with the other amatoxins, as did the immunoglobulins induced by protein derivatives of beta-amanitin. The procedure for activating nylon surfaces and coupling proteins onto them was improved with respect to surface charge and homogeneity. A partially purified IgG-fraction derived from the sera of rabbits immunized against amatoxins was covalently attached to the activated nylon surfaces. The covalently coupled immunoglobulins were complexed with a tritiated amatoxin. Then small pieces of the nylon sheet were punched out and incubated with the amatoxin solution to be analyzed. This procedure represents a method for dosing, in one step and without pipetting, the immunoglobulins and the labelled hapten. Determination of amatoxin concentrations was achieved by counting the radioactivity in the incubation fluid. The limit of detection was about 3 ng of amatoxins per ml. The radioimmunoassay was used to measure amatoxin concentrations in serum, urine, duodenal fluid, and gastric juice of patients with Amanita poisoning. Since such assays can be performed in 2-3 hr, the results can be used to determine the therapeutic protocol. The assay was likewise used to determine the concentration of amatoxins in mushroom tissue. For Amanita phalloides, for example, we found that the amatoxin concentration (mg/g dry weight) is 4.5 times higher in the gills than in the bulb.

Agaricales↗

PubMed2006

Effects of monofilament nylon coated with basic fibroblast growth factor on endogenous intrasynovial flexor tendon healing.

PURPOSE: We developed a monofilament nylon thread that can release various growth factors to enhance intrinsic reparative processes after flexor tendon injury. We evaluated the properties of this thread in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Nylon threads were coated with gelatin that subsequently was cross-linked in glutaraldehyde. The thread was soaked in basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) solution (400 microg/mL). Exogenous bFGF in the thread was released constantly over the course of 1 week. The biologic activity of bFGF and the biomechanical strength of the thread were examined in vitro and its efficacy was investigated in an in vivo rabbit tendon repair model after early flexion exercises. The sutured sites were examined histologically (hematoxylin-eosin, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization), biochemically (Western blot test), and biomechanically (ultimate load) after surgery. RESULTS: This gelatin-coated thread absorbed iodine 125-labeled bFGF in a time-dependent manner. The total amount of bFGF absorbed by the thread within the tendon tissue was between 3 and 15 mug depending on the concentration of bFGF solution. Basic fibroblast growth factor protein was delivered selectively-not in the surrounding scar but in the repaired tendon-for 3 weeks. Histologic analysis showed that the cellular density at the repaired site increased in accordance with the expression of bFGF messenger RNA and protein in the tendon. Endogenous bFGF expression seemed to be enhanced transiently by exogenous bFGF during the first few weeks. The epitenon showed a vigorous fibroblastic response to the coated thread and the ultimate load also was increased significantly at 3 weeks after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: This bFGF-coated nylon suture gave excellent results in delivering a drug selectively to tendon; it also induced an increase of biomechanical strength and a thickening of the epitenon layer in vivo during a 3-week period, thereby accelerating cellular proliferation, initially peripherally and later centrally. This system may become a therapeutic tool to be used in hand surgery.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

[Randomized clinical study of polydioxanone and nylon sutures for laparotomy clousure in high-risk patients].

INTRODUCTION: The complications of surgical wound closure in patients with risk factors significantly increases morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to evaluate differences in abdominal wall closure in patients with risk factors with the same closure technique and slow-absorbable or non-absorbable sutures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a prospective, multicenter, comparative study of polydioxanone versus nylon sutures. Laparotomies performed for intestinal diseases and hepatobiliopancreatic procedures in patients with at least one risk factor were included. Exclusions criteria were eventrations, interventions for obesity, the need for reinforcement sutures, uncommon incisions, life expectancy of less than 1.5 years and deaths unrelated to the wound. Closure was performed with monoplane, extracutaneous, continuous, en bloc, loop sutures. Infection, evisceration, dehiscence, extrusion, sinus, eventration, intolerance, and pain were evaluated. Postoperative follow-up was performed at 10 and 30 days, 3 and 6 months, and at 1 and 1.5 years. RESULTS: A total of 770 patients were included (451 in the polydioxanone group and 319 in the nylon group). A total of 78.05% were midline incisions, with a mean length of 23.3 cm. Caliber 1 sutures were most frequently used (85.45%), and 1.7 sutures were used per patient. No complications occurred in 94.03% with no differences between groups (94.7% polydioxanone and 93.1% nylon). The results were similar throughout follow-up. The surgical infection rate was 10%. No differences were found in any of the follow-up assessments in any of the variables analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal wall closure should be performed with continuous slow-absorption sutures such as polydioxanone since this type of suture has a similar complication rate to reabsorbable sutures and presents greater biocompatibility.

Female↗

PubMed1983

Histology and fertility after microsurgical anastomosis of the rabbit fallopian tube with nylon and polyglactin sutures.

Polyglactin and nylon suture material were compared in microsurgical anastomosis of oviduct of rabbits with regard to the histologic reaction, adhesion formation, and nidation index. Thirty days after surgery, the tissue inflammatory response was very similar in both groups. At 90 days, polyglactin had been totally absorbed in 80% of the cases, and no inflammatory reaction persisted at the site of the suture. At this time, multinucleated giant cell reaction to nylon sutures was persistent but minimal. The results reveal no significant functional differences between oviduct reanastomosed with nylon versus polyglactin suture. No significant difference in subsequent fertility due to suture selection was demonstrated.

Animals↗