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PubMed1991

Occupational skin disease in newspaper pressroom workers.

Studies of printing industry tradespeople have reported an increased problem of dermatologic abnormalities, including contact dermatitis and dermatitis attributed to solvent exposure. The current cross-sectional health survey of dermatological conditions were conducted in a follow-up of perceived skin abnormalities among newspaper pressroom workers. We surveyed 215 pressroom workers and 34 compositors at a large northeastern US newspaper printing facility. Our findings indicate that printing pressroom workers reported skin condition symptoms at a significantly higher rate than did the compositor referent group. Pressroom workers also were found to be at a significantly elevated risk of developing dermatitis after self-reported exposure to certain commonly used solvents. This emphasizes the need for proper work practices, product substitution where possible, and appropriate protective glove use by newspaper pressroom workers.

Causality↗
PubMed1989

Nasal hyperreactivity to newspapers.

Nasal hyperreactivity occurs quite frequently while reading newspapers. This study consisted of 15 patients with vasomotor rhinitis with such problems and six asymptomatic volunteers. All subjects were exposed to printing ink and paper dust from newspapers. The effect was registered by nasal symptom score and rhinomanometry. Patients with vasomotor rhinitis reacted upon exposure to paper dust but not to printing ink. This exposure had no effect on the control group. The results indicate that paper dust is the causative agent in hyperreactivity to newspapers.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Suicide epidemics and newspaper reporting.

This paper looks at the relationship between suicide-related newspaper reports and a subway-suicide epidemic. More reports were published during the epidemic, without statistically significant differences between epidemic and nonepidemic years. There did not appear to be an excess of reports antecedent to the suicide. The role of newspapers is discussed with particular reference to suicide epidemics. The need for studies of content of newspaper items related to self-harm is emphasized.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Reporting research in medical journals and newspapers.

Newspapers are important sources of information about medical advances for many lay people and can influence those working in the health service. Medical journalists on newspapers routinely use general medical journals to obtain information on research. The Lancet and BMJ are both examined carefully by broadsheet journalists in Britain each week. These papers published an average of 1.25 stories from these journals every Friday. The stories focused on serious diseases, topical health problems, and new treatments rather than social problems. The newspaper stories were based on the full research article and not the journals' press releases, although the press releases were valued as early information. Journalists relied heavily on the peer review processes of the journals in ensuring accuracy.

Journalism, Medical↗
PubMed2004

Reality check: using newspapers, police reports, and court records to assess defensive gun use.

OBJECTIVE: To identify legitimate defensive gun uses (DGUs), and provide a reality check on previous estimates of the rate of DGUs by using a novel approach based on newspaper reports and police and court records. Previous estimates have relied on self report, differ by a factor of 10 or more, and are viewed as highly controversial. DESIGN AND SETTING: The reported uses of firearms in a newspaper covering roughly the Phoenix metropolitan area over almost a 3.5 month period were examined, supplemented where necessary by police and court records. RESULTS: Two DGUs involving killing assailants and one involving firing at an assailant were found. The three DGUs stemmed from cases of "mutual combat" or exposed bystanders to gunfire. CONCLUSIONS: These findings cast doubt on rates of DGUs reported in an influential study by Kleck and Gertz, which predict that the police should have known about 98 DGU killings or woundings and 236 DGU firings at adversaries during the time the newspaper was surveyed. The findings reported here were closer to predictions based on the National Crime Victimization Survey, which suggest that the police should have known about eight DGU killings or woundings and 19 DGU firings at adversaries.

Arizona↗
PubMed2005

Newspaper stories as measures of structural stigma.

OBJECTIVES: Structural stigma and discrimination occur when an institution like a newspaper, rather than an individual, promulgates stigmatizing messages about mental illness. This study examined current trends in the news media on reporting topics of mental illness. METHODS: All relevant stories (N=3,353) in large U.S. newspapers were identified and coded during six weeklong periods in 2002. Stories were coded by themes that fit into four categories: dangerousness, blame, treatment and recovery, and advocacy action (that is, calls for public policy and action that increase the quality of care or opportunities for those with mental illness). RESULTS: Thirty-nine percent of all stories focused on dangerousness and violence; these stories most often ended up in the front section. Few stories promulgated the idea that either the person or the family was responsible for mental illness (2 percent). Instead, stories about genetic or biological or environmental causation (for example, stress and trauma) were more common (15 percent). There were equal numbers of stories about biological and psychosocial treatments (13 and 14 percent, respectively). Four percent of all treatment-related stories addressed recovery. Twenty percent of stories contained themes that fell into the broad category of advocacy action. These stories addressed the shortage of resources in the public mental health arena, the need for better care, the absence of good-quality housing, and the goal of insurance parity. CONCLUSIONS: Data on how mental illness is represented in newspapers yield a useful perspective on structural stigma and the policies and standards that are applied by the news media. These findings have implications for influencing the press.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

"Psychosomatic": a systematic review of its meaning in newspaper articles.

In this study, the authors describe the meaning of the word "psychosomatic" in U.S. and U.K. newspaper articles using a systematic text word search and a consensus rating of the contextual meaning of all articles published in 14 U.S. and U.K. newspapers between 1996 and 2002. The survey was limited to broadsheet newspapers. "Psychosomatic" had a pejorative meaning, such as "imaginary" or "made up," in 74 of 215 (34%) of the articles in which the meaning could be judged. Most commonly, "psychosomatic" was used to describe a problem that was psychological or in which the mind affects the body (56%) rather than as a reciprocal interaction (5%). "Psychosomatic medicine" is the new name for the seventh subspecialty of psychiatry. More needs to be done to educate the media about its actual meaning to make it attractive to patients.

Association↗
PubMed1995

Newspaper advertising versus direct mail marketing in a family practice: a hands-on approach.

This study compares newspaper advertising and direct mail marketing to attract private patients. Newsletter advertising was distributed to 92,251 homes throughout 1991 at a cost of $20,827.13. Newspaper advertising was conducted from August 28 to October 9, 1991 at a cost of $2,261.94. The newsletter attracted 101 new patients at a cost of $206.21 per patient and a mean response rate of 0.11%. No new patients were attracted through newspaper advertising.

Advertising↗
PubMed2003

Cost-effective advertising through TV and newspaper "banner" ads.

Banner ads, small strip ads in newspapers used to specifically promote an information piece, were introduced into one newspaper in the Connecticut market in 1999 by Yale-New Haven Hospital (YNHH). Based on their success, the concept was expanded to six additional newspapers in late 2000 and to TV in the summer of 2001. Between 2000-2002, even as the overall marketing/advertising budget declined 30%, switching advertising dollars from image/display ads to banner ads resulted in consumer awareness of YNHH increasing from 29% to 42%. Perception of YNHH as "the advanced medicine" hospital grew from 22% to 40% during the same period. The specific strategic and operational actions generated since the implementation of the program are detailed and the advantages and disadvantages of this banner advertising approach are discussed. Banner ads may offer an alternative approach for organizations to advertise their products and programs.

Advertising↗
PubMed2003

Enzymatic digestibility of used newspaper treated with aqueous ammonia-hydrogen peroxide solution.

Wastepaper constitutes approximately half of municipal solid waste, making it a potential source of bioenergy. Newspaper was pretreated with an ammonia-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) mixture in a shaking bath from room temperature to 80 degrees C, and then its enzymatic digestibility was measured. A significant amount of ink was removed from the newspaper slurry by the reciprocating movement of the shaking bath. In addition, the ammonia-H2O2 significantly swelled the substrate, thereby greatly increasing its susceptibility to enzymatic digestion. After pretreating the newspaper with conditions of 40 degrees C, 3 h, 130 strokes/min, and 4 wt% ammonia-2 wt% H2O2, the enzymatic digestibility was almost 90% of theoretical, or about 25% higher than that of untreated substrate. Digestibility was also investigated as a function of ammonia concentration, H2O2 concentration, shaking speed, pretreatment temperature, and time.

Ammonia↗
PubMed2005

A content analysis of health research reported by the daily newspapers of Trinidad and Tobago.

The ability to translate health research into useful information for the layperson requires both excellent scientific expertise and communication skills that are often foreign to journalist and editors. In this study, we assessed the content of health research articles published in the local daily newspapers for the year 2003. Issues considered included physical presentation, coverage, primary content of the article relative to the country health profile, accuracy of the article compared to its original publication, health model (ie preventative versus medical/curative) and tone (emotive nature of the report, stakeholder addressed). The authors identified 321 eligible articles as follows, The Trinidad Express (108), The Trinidad Guardian (100) and The Trinidad and Tobago Newsday (113). More than 90% of the reports appeared in the newspapers within two weeks of their original journal publication; 10.5% of the articles had over 50% newspaper readership coverage. Headlines were prominently displayed for 70% of articles while 86% of the written text were located on the top right and left quadrant of pages where the eye naturally falls during reading. Photographs accompanied 36% of the articles. Approximately 72.5% of articles accurately reflected the content of the original publication and 67% of them were classified as preventative. There were similar proportions of good (45%) and bad (47%) articles. The top five predominant themes were nutrition (24.3%), cancer (18.2%) women's health (17.6%), heart disease (14.2%) and mental health (10.3%). The findings suggest a tremendous effort by journalist and editors to provide relevant health information in a timely and attractive manner; however, this should not be at the expense of accuracy.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1987

Impact of a newspaper mediated quit smoking program.

We present the results of a survey conducted to evaluate the impact of a newspaper mediated smoking cessation program conducted in Buffalo, New York in January 1987. Over half of all smokers surveyed reported exposure to the newspaper series; 13 per cent reported that the series prompted them to try to quit smoking, and 4 per cent stopped smoking for at least one week. We estimate that over 9,600 smokers in Erie County, New York stopped smoking for at least one week as a result of the newspaper's smoking cessation program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Newspapers: a source for injury surveillance?

Newspapers have not been extensively evaluated as an injury surveillance source. We compared clippings with medical examiner records for 45 residential fire deaths and 58 drownings of children to assess extent, completeness, and accuracy of newspaper coverage. Newspapers covered 96% of the fire fatalities and 78% of the drownings and contained more information than medical examiner records on several factors, including fire cause and smoke detector presence, pool fences, warning signs, and supervision of children.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Are newspapers a reliable source of information about doping in sports?].

To study the coverage by French newspapers of doping in sports, we performed a systematic review of articles appearing between January and March 2003 on the following French websites: L'Equipe, Le Monde, Le Figaro, Libération, La Dépêche du Midi and Agence France-Presse (AFP). We recorded a total of 58 articles about doping. Among them, 48 (83%) were collected from the AFP news. L'Equipe, a French sports newspaper, published seven articles (12%). Most of the recorded data reported results of worldwide antidoping control (71%). No information about new drugs was found. The analysis of the selected articles pointed out the following: (i) the seriousness of observations related to doping since, during this 3-month period, we noted two deaths of athletes; (ii) the risks associated with the use of dietary supplements, particularly products including amphetamine derivatives; (iii) the interest in judicial investigation as an information source about doping in sports (investigation of suspicious deaths of Italian football players); and (iv) identification of the sports involved in doping (cycling, but also athletics, football, rugby). Systematic analysis of newspaper reports can be considered as a relevant method for monitoring the pharmacovigilance and pharmacoepidemiology of doping in sports.

Doping in Sports↗
PubMed1994

Active surveillance for the control of cumulative trauma disorders: a working model in the newspaper industry.

Health and risk factor surveillance is a critical aspect of an effective ergonomics process. Physical therapists are becoming increasingly involved in many components of the ergonomics process, including health and risk factor surveillance. The purpose of this study was to develop and implement a multistaged active surveillance program for the management and control of cumulative trauma disorders. The surveillance program was established at three newspaper companies consisting of 1,150 employees. This study focused on the first three stages of the multistage surveillance model, which incorporates the use of symptom and job factor questionnaires, specific anatomical surveys, and clinical detection tests. The results of the study indicated that 1) musculoskeletal symptoms in the back, neck, and hands accounted for the majority of reported missed work among the newspaper workers; 2) production workers had a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms than office workers; and 3) the prevalence of probable carpal tunnel syndrome among the newspaper workers was 1.5%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Newspaper coverage of controversies about large-scale swine facilities in rural communities in Illinois.

The building and expansion of large-scale swine facilities has created considerable controversy in many neighboring communities, but to date, no systematic analysis has been done of the types of claims made during these conflicts. This study examined how local newspapers in one state covered the transition from the dominance of smaller, diversified swine operations to large, single-purpose pig production facilities. To look at publicly made statements concerning large-scale swine facilities (LSSF), the study collected all articles related to LSSF from 22 daily Illinois newspapers over a 3-yr period (a total of 1,737 articles). The most frequent sets of claims used by proponents of LSSF were that the environment was not harmed, that state regulations were sufficiently strict, and that the state economically needed this type of agriculture. The most frequent claims made by opponents were that LSSF harmed the environment and neighboring communities and that stricter regulations were needed. Proponents' claims were primarily defensive and, to some degree, underplayed the advantages of LSSF. Pro-and anti-LSSF groups were talking at cross-purposes, to some degree. Even across similar themes, those in favor of LSSF and those opposed were addressing different sets of concerns. The newspaper claims did not indicate any effective alliances forming between local anti-LSSF groups and national environmental or animal rights groups.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1999

Assessing the quality of newspaper medical advice columns for elderly readers.

BACKGROUND: Medical advice columns in newspapers can provide a valuable service by educating the general public about important health-related issues. However, these columns may be harmful if the advice or information given in them is incomplete, inappropriate or misleading. The objective of this study was to assess the safety and appropriateness of advice given to elderly readers of newspapers in medical advice columns. METHODS: Medical advice columns published in Canadian newspapers in 1995 were identified from a CD-ROM database. The articles that were selected were published in English and contained medical advice pertinent to elderly people about topics that could be found in a textbook of geriatric medicine. Fifty articles, randomly selected from the 109 articles that met these criteria, were independently assessed by 5 geriatricians. A scoring system was used to rate the ability to determine to which population the article applied, how well fact was distinguished from opinion, the degree to which critical issues were addressed, the safety and the appropriateness of the advice. When the kappa statistic for inter-rater agreement was 0.74 or less, a 2-stage Delphi process was used in an attempt to reach consensus. RESULTS: Agreement (kappa > 0.74) was eventually achieved for 232 (92.8%) of the 250 ratings. In 4 (8%) of the articles there was a high probability that the advice given could be applied to the wrong patient population; in 7 (14%) there was a high probability that opinion might be interpreted as fact; and in 11 (22%) the major critical issues were not identified. Of greatest concern, however, the advice in 25 (50%) of the articles was judged to be inappropriate, and in 14 (28%) advice may have been dangerous and potentially life-threatening. INTERPRETATION: Although medical advice columns have the potential to improve the health of elderly readers, a significant percentage of these articles contain inappropriate or even potentially dangerous advice.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Newspapers foretell health care's future.

This article is based on a two-months snapshot (November 1998 to January 1999) of newspaper articles addressing various health care issues. Newspaper contents reflect the changing market share of competing societal concerns. Health care issues, particularly cost and choice, now preoccupy the American people. Health care trends percolate bottom-up through the pages of newspapers, not top-down from Washington, D.C, policymakers, or health care executives. By reviewing these articles, the author provides a big picture view of the prevailing and emerging health care trends. From the new thrust of consumerism and the public backlash against managed care organizations to the demise of HMOs and PPMCs, these observations signify not only the concerns that are bubbling to the surface but also the direction that health care is headed. Consumers are in the driver's seat and physician executives need to provide them with evidence of the value they desire--and understand what they perceive as value.

Choice Behavior↗