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PubMed1992

Ultrastructural changes of cutaneous nerves in scleroderma.

Ultrastructural changes in cutaneous nerves of 38 patients with progressive scleroderma and eight patients with circumscribed scleroderma are described in the present study. Changes in the myelinated as well as in the unmyelinated fibers were observed in all cases. Myelinated fibers exhibited progressive disintegration of their myelin sheaths. Edema of the cytoplasm and various lesions of the organelles were observed in the Schwann cells. The basal membranes of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers were irregularly thickened and flimsy in appearance. The axis cylinders were affected to a lesser extent. Edema of the axoplasm, and, less often, reduction of the number of neurofibrils and microtubules were observed there. Sometimes, the nerve fibers were enwrapped compactly by a considerable amount of collagen fibrils. The observed changes of the peripheral skin nerves are very often secondary. They are the morphologic basis of a limited or generalized neuropathy which sometimes develops.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

[Repair of acute spinal cord injury promoted by transplantation of olfactory ensheathing glia].

OBJECTIVES: To observe olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) survival and repair in vivo for spinal cord injury after OEG transplantation. METHODS: The OEG was cultured with the olfactory bulb of Wistar neonate rats. The spinal cords contusion was made in group A, B, and C with the New York University impactor, then complete transection was performed in the contusion area in group A. OEG labeled by Hoechst was transplanted in group A and B. In group C, DMEM were injected. In group D, laminectomies were done without cord contusion and transection. The functional recovery of the spinal cord injury [Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) Locomotor Rating Scale scores] and changes of body weight were observed. The tissue sections were done 24 weeks postoperatively. HE staining, neurofibril (NF) immunohistochemical staining, and silver staining were performed respectively to observe the pathologic changes and axon regeneration. The survival of OEG labeled by Hoechst was observed under the fluorescence microscope. RESULTS: Locomotive behaviour improved 4 weeks postoperatively. The BBB locomotion scores of group A and B were significantly higher than that of group C in all periods (from 4 weeks to 24 weeks) (P < 0.01). Sixteen weeks after operation, the BBB locomotion scores became stable and showed no change. HE staining showed that the area of spinal cord injury was disorder and the number of nerve cell was more in group A and B. In group C, there was the obvious cavum and few wring nerve fiber in the area of spinal cord injury. The nerve fibers innervated to the injuried area in group A and B were more than that of group C, but less than that of group D. A great number of OEG labeled by Hoechst were observed around spinal injuried area under fluorescence microscope. After operation, the body weight reduced in every group. The body weight of group D had recovered after 2 weeks and gradully increased. After 4 weeks, the body weight in group A, B, and C decreased to the minimum and were significantly less than that of group D (P < 0.01). After this, body weight in group A and B increased and was significantly more than that of group C (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: OEG transplantation can promote the axons regeneration and the recovery of locomotion function in experimental spinal cord injuries.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Infantile mitochondrial leucodystrophy - a case report.

We retrospectively analyzed a case of a 7-month-old infant with a delay of psychomotor development, slow pupillary light reflexes, horizontal nystagmus, spasticity and bilateral optic nerve atrophy. At the end of life there were problems with swallowing. Ventriculography showed widening of the lateral ventricles and atrophy in the frontal lobes. EEG revealed generalized changes. Clinically, leucodystrophy was diagnosed. General autopsy revealed cardiac hypertrophy. Neuropathological picture showed orthochromatic leucodystrophy with some features characteristic of neuropathology of mitochondrial disease: capillary hyperplasia and hypertrophy, spongiosis and symmetrical, bilateral damage of brain stem structures. The last one is characteristic of Leigh syndrome. Electron microscopic evaluation showed abnormal mitochondria, myelin and neurofibrils destruction. Hypertrophy of the heart may be also connected with mitochondrial disease.

Brain↗

PubMed1989

Expression of pan-neuroendocrine proteins in 53 neuroblastic tumors. An immunohistochemical study with neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin, and synaptophysin.

The presence and distribution of pan-neuroendocrine markers such as neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin (CG), and synaptophysin (SYP) were investigated by immunohistochemistry in 53 cases of neuroblastic tumors, including three cases of ganglioneuromas, 17 ganglioneuroblastomas, and 33 neuroblastomas. In ganglioneuromas, all three markers were observed both in ganglion cells and in neurofibrils. All cases of ganglioneuroblastoma were positive for these markers, however, some variability of staining intensity was noted. Of the 33 cases of neuroblastomas, all were positive for NSE, 23 (70%) for CG, and 31 (94%) for SYP. Neuron-specific enolase was detected not only in the majority of the neuroblasts showing signs of differentiation, but also in some undifferentiated neuroblasts. Chromogranin was found mainly in differentiated neuroblasts with enlarged cytoplasm and nuclei, but was scarcely found in undifferentiated cells. Synaptophysin was detected in some undifferentiated neuroblasts, as well as in differentiated neuroblasts. Two cases without SYP-positive cells were also negative for CG. Our observations conclude that antibodies against NSE and SYP are helpful as a diagnostic aid for neuroblastic tumors.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed1987

Malignant granular cell tumor of the esophagus. A case report with light and electron microscopic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical study.

Malignant granular cell tumor of the esophagus found in a 70-year-old female was reported. Microscopically, the tumor showed a variety of the histology from compact proliferation of polygonal granular cells in pseudo-epitheliomatous pattern to plexiform proliferation of elongated granular and fibroblastic cells in neurofibromatous pattern, and the tumor cells frequently contained eosinophilic globules in the cytoplasm. Histochemically, argyrophilic neurofibrils in the stroma and argyrophilic cytoplasmic processes or grains were seen. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed positive reaction with S-100 protein (S-100), but all reactions with myoglobin (MG), desmin (DM), fibronectin (FN), creatinine phosphokinase-mm (CPK), factor 8th-related antigen (F8RA), alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (A1ACT), keratin (KN), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were negative. Electron microscopy revealed that the tumor cells had typical lysosomal granules filled with proteinaceous electron dense materials and fine membrane-bound particles sized 15 to 45 nm resembling virus or neurosecretory granule.

Aged↗

PubMed1981

Quantitative analysis of the cells of the cat's trigeminal ganglion.

The volume and structure of the perikarya of nerve cells in the trigeminal ganglia of adult cats were studied light and electron microscopically. According to their volume and eccentricity, the cells could be classified into three groups. Group I. Small cells. Their volume ranges up to 11,400 micrometer 3. Several of them stain light and are spherical in shape. Group II. Medium cells. Their volume ranges up to 40,00 micrometer 3. Several light-stained cells are seen among them. Group III. Large cells. Their volume is the range of 60,000 to 100,000 micrometer 3, and they are spherical in shape. Electron microscopically, the cytoplasm contains a well-developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, numerous mitochondria, Golgi complexes, pigment granules, and interspersed neurofibrils and microtubules. The cells exhibit an ultrastructure varying in size and cytoplasmic density. In some cases, nerve fibres were in close contact with the cell body, but neither pre- nor post-synaptic thickenings could be observed.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

[The role of mastocytes in the development of the adrenergic innervation of the iris].

During the development of the primary adrenerg-plexus in the rat iris presence of mastocytes showing intensive fluorescence can be observed using the method of Falck. After the formation of the primary plexus this phenomenon disappears. By electron microscopy in the early period of the postnatal life authors demonstrated the presence of mastocytes closely related to developing neurofibrils and Schwann-cells. In these mastocytes signs of degranulation were to be observed. On the base of the latter finding one can assume, that substances deliberated from the granules may play a part in the regulation of the development of innervation.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

[Method of applying colchicine to the rat vagus nerve for the purpose of selective action on axonal transport].

A method of local application of colchicine deposited in a wax and paraffin alloy to the nerve is suggested. The doses of 25, 50, 75 and 100 micrograms were tested. Four days after application of 75 and 100 micrograms of colchicine, light microscopy demonstrated a non-uniform thickening of neurofibrils and the increase in their argyrophilic properties. Electron microscopy discovered the reduced number of microtubules, disordered arrangement of neurofilaments and accumulation of the latter ones beneath the neurolemma. The overall electric activity of the nerve was not disturbed. The method of colchicine application in vivo ensures the prolonged action of the drug without nerve compression or injury, thereby enabling one to assess consistently the sequels of the blockade of neurotrophic factors for metabolism of the innervated structures.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Effect of ming-men mixture on corticosterone-rats' neuro-endocrino-immunological network].

The hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal-thymus(HPAT) axis is an important form of the neuroendocrino-immunological network (NEIN). To study the essential link between Ming-Men, Kidney and the NEIN, the corticosterone (CORT) injected rats was used. The CORT The CORT caused HPAT axis inhibiting model was established and then the regulation of Ming-Men mixture (MMM) was observed. The results showed that the number of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) positive neurones in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, CRF positive neurofibril in in median eminence, anterior pituitary ACTH positive secretory cells decreased markedly in the CORT inhibited rats and the immunohistochemical ABC staining became lighter than the control. We also observed that there was atrophy in adrenal, especially fasculate zone became thinner compared with the control. The thymus atrophied, the number of lymphocytes and thymic corpuscles decreased obviously. The content of ACTH and CORT in plasma decreased, the proliferative reaction of lymphocytes, interleukin-2 and the inductive ability of gamma-IFN reduced. After the MMM was instilled into stomach in experimental group, it was foiund that MMM could improve the inhibition on HPAT axis caused by CORT significantly, P < 0.01. It suggested that MMM possibly was an effective and ideal prescription which could regulate the HPAT axis.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Olfactory neuroblastoma: a histopathological ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of 11 cases].

Eleven cases of olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) were studied histopathologically, ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically. Light microscopical examination showed the tumor cell nests separated by fibrous connective tissue (present in 10/11 ONB), Homer-Wright rosette and/or Flexner rosette (9/11 ONB) and acidophilic fibrillary background (8/11 ONB). Ultrastructurally, there were neurosecretory granules (2/2 ONB) and neurofibrils (1/2 ONB) in cytoplasm of tumor cells. A panel of antibodies were used to characterize the immunohistochemical staining profile of ONB. The following results were obtained for the 11 neoplasms that were immunostained: NSE 11/11 (+), S-100 3/11 (+), Vimentin 4/11 (+), Keratin 1/11 (+) and NF, EMA, CEA, LCA all negative respectively. The significance of the morphological and immunohistochemical features of ONB in diagnosis and differential diagnosis were discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

[The neurobiology of the successive stages of life (author's transl)].

The neurobiological sciences deal with morphological, physiological, biochemical, and pharmacological investigations of neurobiological processes and mechanisms. In addition, they are interested in living organisms as action systems, with their forms of motion, types of behavior, and means of adapting to the environment. The topic "The Neurobiology of the Successive Stages of Life" covers the entire span of life, from the induction of the neural tube to senescence and death, i.e. the sum total of all continuous changes which are described by such terms as development, differentiation, specialization, individuation, functional maturity, and ageing. The following gives a survey from a special neurological-neuroanatomical point of view, it deals with the early development of prenatal activities, forms of movement, and refled differentiation cycles in regard to neurofibrillation, myelination, and cytological-cytoarchetectonic structures. Paul Yakovlev's and Peter Kuzmich Anokhin's interpretations of such selective morphological-functional maturation processes inherent in the system are discussed. There follows a brief survey of varying metabolic systems in close connection with the differentiation of nerve and glia cells and capillarization processes. The subject of early programmed cell death, nerve-cell degeneration, and heterotopia during the development, differentiation, and maturation of the central nervous system leads to a discussion of the likewise selective system-bound processes that take place during senescence of the central nervous system.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

[Autoradiographic demonstration of the innervation of the tooth and the periodontium].

The innervation of the tooth and the parodont has been studied by autoradiography of 3H proline, unilaterally injected in the Gasser ganglion of adult cats. The presence of neurofibrils has been observed particularly in predentine and dentine, along the collagen fibers of the periodontal ligament, in the superficial layer of bone and cementum, in the papillar layer of the gingiva and as ultraterminal fibrils in the gingival epithelium.

Animals↗

PubMed1965