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PubMedDate not supplied

[Classification and diagnostic problems of neuroses and psychosomatic disorders].

On the occasion of the 9th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), the classification and diagnostic problems of neuroses and psychosomatic illnesses were discussed. First, the fundamental difficulties in the classification of mental illnesses were elucidated on the basis of the contrary nature of the nomothetic and idiographic approach. Next, practical problems were discussed with reference to a clinical case study; these problems arise due to the differing professional basic education and experience of the examiners, and they are amplified by the special nature of the term neurosis compared to other psychic disorders. Then, particular difficulties in the classification of psychosomatic illnesses were referred to. Finally, suggestions for future revisions in the ICD were worked out.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1980

[Chronic neuroses and their treatment].

Research in epidemiological psychiatry begins to find methods which allow a sufficiently reliable and valid assessment of the prevalence and incidence of neurotic disorders. Neuroses seen by psychiatrists more often show a chronic development than those seen by general practitioners. Chronic neurotic patients run a higher risk of somatic disorder but rarely become addicts. A minority only of equally disturbed neurotics receives any kind of treatment. This is only partially explained by the uneven distribution of services by region and social class. --According to twin research results, whether a neurosis appears at all, and its severity and chronicity, seem to be less influenced by heredity than the "choice" of symptoms. Controlled research begins to outline indications for the various forms of psychotherapy. One of the most important results is that psychotherapy does not have to last long to be helpful. Many neurotics, however, remain ill in spite of being treated. Unfavourable familial and other psychosocial factors can sustain the disorder, whereas unforeseen changes in the life situation may occasionally lead to late recovery.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMed1978

[Clinico-neurohumoral interrelationships in neuroses].

The paper is related to studies of the sympathico-adrenal activity, hypophysisadrenal and entero-chromaphine systems in patients with hysterical and phobic neuroses. They detected certain regularities in the initial activities of these systems as well as of their reactivity depending upon the character of the functional symptom, psychological personality traits and cerebral dysfunctions.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗

PubMed1995

[Effects of occupational mental strain on etiology of neuroses in operators].

Complex clinical and physiologic examination covered operators facing changeable psychoemotional strain at work. The degree of psychoemotional strain appeared to have strong correlation with the diagnosed neurosis rate. The examination revealed main clinical syndrome in the neuroses and proved a distinct trend that prolonged forms of the condition were prevalent in the groups engaged into more emotionally burdensome work. The data obtained require further investigation to elaborate optimum measures for prophylaxis and treatment of the diseases diagnosed.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Group psychotherapy of neuroses and personality disorders in regular soldiers].

Environmental conditions cause neuroses and symptoms of personality disorders in regular soldiers. Military service in highly formalized and hierarchical conditions makes it impossible to: express emotions (particularly negative ones), to arrange one's own time, to choose the position and place of work. Another important psychotraumatic factor is excessive load of work and responsibility for the sake of "the service". Psychotherapy is the main part of neurotic and personality disorder therapy in regular soldiers. The social context is the bass for theoretical assumptions of psychotherapy carried out by the authors. Based on the theory of learning, the aims of the applied psychotherapy are: eagerness for the elimination of symptoms and changing the mode of behaviour. Group psychotherapy is carried out in stationary conditions, in groups of 8 to 13 patients, for 8-9 weeks. The applied methods are: debating psychotherapy, interaction-communicative methods, psychodrawing, musicotherapy, choreotherapy and relaxation techniques. As the result of the therapy, about 89% of symptomatic improvement and about 81% of the change of attitude and behaviour were obtained.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Treatment of sleep disorders in the elderly with zolpidem. Results of sleep polygraphy in 3 elderly patients with depressive neuroses].

Three elderly patients with depressive neuroses and sleep disorders were treated over a period of 20 days with a nocturnal dose of 10 mg zolpidem, a new type of hypnotic. Prior to treatment, after 1 and after 20 days, as well as on the first post-treatment day, polygraphic studies were made during sleep. In addition, vigilance was tested using the Quatember and Maly tests, and diurnal wellbeing checked by means of a questionnaire. The polygraphic results revealed that all major sleep parameters improved under treatment and that no rebound occurred on the first post-treatment day. No negative effects on diurnal wellbeing were registered.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

[Dreams in neuroses in children and adolescents].

46 children and adolescents with different forms of neuroses at the age of 10-18 years were observed. It is shown that the dreams in neurotic individuals are characterised by both cognitive and affective activation as well as by widening of the limits of time and space, by frequent incompletion and by some imperative tendencies (the "channelization" of colour perception, repeated dreams' rise). There was a dependence of dream's character upon the neurosis form. The data obtained are important for adequate diagnosis and therapy of borderline conditions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

[Structures of the morbidity in a group of neuroses and neurosis-like disorders in children and adolescents].

The authors conducted a comparative study of the prevalence and structure of neuroses and neurotic-like nonprocessual disorders in children according to the results of a frontal epidemiological study of 15000 rural and urban population from 0-14 years of age. The obtained data of the prevalence and structure of neurotic and neurotic-like disturbances may serve as a basis for solving some practical problems and particularly for a scientifically grounded programme of mental health services.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

[Psychophysiological studies in the framework of objective diagnosis of neuroses with factor and discrimination analyses].

This paper describes a complex method of collecting objective data to be used in the diagnosis of neuroses on the basis of clinical, experimental psychological, and objective psychophysiological parameters. The data collected was processsed using the methods of factor and discriminatory analysis. The results obtained clearly show that this approach to additional objective diagnosis may be successfully used in spite of some procedural difficulties.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Experimental neuroses during integration of unilateral conditioned reflex systems].

Relationships of symmetrical systems of reflexes organized by rhythmic and random presentation of unilateral stimuli were traced in dogs on the Abuladze model of unilateral conditioned reflexes. Rhythmic (counter-phasic) oscillations of the excitability level on two sides have appeared in the process of integration of different systems. Their integration at short intervals (4 min) leads to an experimental neurosis. If, however, the intervals between the systems amount to 24 hours, no disturbances are observed in higher nervous activity. The data obtained are considered in the light of the concept of experimental informational neuroses.

Animals↗

PubMed1963