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PubMedDate not supplied

[Seroepidemiological study of human hydatidosis, by means of an indirect hemagglutination test in Rio Negro County, X Region, Chile, 1989-1990].

Rio Negro Country (40 degrees 48'-40 degrees 50' South lat.; 73 degrees 12'-73 degrees 13' West long.), is located in the province of Osorno, South of Chile. It has a population of 18,031 inhabitants, with 39% in rural areas. The basic economic activity is cattle raising (cows, pigs). According to reports, prevalence of human hydatidosis in 1988 was 11.1 per 100,000. In order to contribute to a better knowledge of human hydatidosis in Rio Negro County, an indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT) was performed to 509 randomized persons. Five (1.0%) individuals resulted positive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Epidemiology of human hydatidosis in the Province of Río Negro, Argentina].

The number of human cases with hydatidosis in the Province de Río Negro in the period 1969-1983 was determined by a retrospective exam of the registers at the Provincial Ministry of Health. From 1216 cases the yearly numbers between 59.4 in 1969-78 and 124.4 cases between 1979-83. This implies a yearly of 3.24 X 10,000 and with the most frequent localization in the liver. The average days of hospitalization was 29.2 per patient. The highest correspond to the southern departments of the Province 6.57 X 10,000 in the 40 Sanitary Zone. Eighty two and thirty five per cent of the cases had immunological confirmation with DD5, before surgery. The census allowed us to determine that rates of prevalence were in school children 1.09%, in conscripts, 0.28% and in adult settlers 2.58%. The average of positive serological cases in the province, was 0.77%. The yearly number of cases diagnoses is estimated in 4% of the existent carriers and is the highest in the world. The followup and control of children who had surgery, allowed us to detect that 30% of the cases presented new hydatid cyst before the 5 year lapse. Different factors put Río Negro with the highest rates of denounced human hydatidosis. These are related to living conditions around cattle farms and the socio economics and educational factors, which are analyzed in this paper. Modifications in the Programme for the control of hydatidosis has been put into action by the sanitary authorities.

Adult↗
PubMed1965

Studies of cholera El Tor in the Philippines. I. Characteristics of cholera El Tor in Negros Occidental Province, November 1961 to September 1962.

After freedom from cholera for over a quarter of a century, the Philippines in 1961 experienced an epidemic of cholera. The disease, shown to be caused by the El Tor strain of cholera vibrio, was clinically indistinguishable from classical Asian cholera. Studies were undertaken in Negros Occidental Province from August to October 1962 to characterize various aspects of the epidemics in this province. This paper describes the general characteristics of the epidemics in Negros Occidental from November 1961 through September 1962.Two types of epidemic occurred. The first, explosive in nature, suggested a common source of spread of infection; the second, with a more protracted course, seemed to be due to person-to-person spread of disease. In the second epidemic, a single hospitalized case in a household and a single hospitalized case in a community were the most common findings, suggesting that infection did not spread easily or, if easily spread, caused significant disease on rare occasions only.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HLA-DR4 in Negro and Mexican rheumatoid arthritis patients.

We tested HLA-DR antigens in 38 Caucasian, 18 Negro, 17 Mexican, and 5 Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Significantly high HLA-DR4 frequencies were observed in all races; 61% in Caucasians, 39% in Negroes, 77% in Mexicans, and 100% in Japanese. However, no clinical correlation with DR4 was found in these patients.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1981

Arched gonadal arteries in the South African negro.

The frequency with which the gonadal arteries follow a recurrent course, upwards and arching over the renal veins before descending to the gonads, is recorded for the South African Negro. The gonadal arteries follow such a course on the left side in 17, 2% and on the right side in 22% of cases. This incidence for arched left sided arteries is comparable to that recorded in other studies, but the frequency for arched right sided arteries in the South African Negro appears to be higher. Recognition of arching gonadal arteries is of importance to the vascular surgeon and urologist.

Arteries↗
PubMed1981

Endemic goitre in whites and negroes: racial or social effect?

A sample of 2688 individuals, about half of them showing endemic goitre, has been studied in a hyper-endemic area of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The codified data were processed in computers. Analyses through contrasts among multinominal proportions showed Negroes and Mulattoes with higher frequencies of goitre than Whites, thus agreeing with results from the literature. A number of multiple regression models, including 21 independent variables, showed no evidence of any intrinsic racial effect on the occurrence of goitre. The authors conclude that the higher prevalence of goitre among Malattoes and Negroes probably reflects the influence of their poorer socio-economic conditions. Although genetic factors are generally assumed to play some role in the development of goitre, it is to environmental causes that the most important role is ascribed.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1978

Genetic markers and leprosy in South African negroes. Part I. Serum protein polymorphisms.

The phenotype frequencies of the serum protein polymorphisms Hp, Gc, Tf, Gm and Inv were determined on a sample of 250 South African Negroes with leprosy. These results were compared with data derived from 918-977 (depending on the polymorphism tested) healthy Negro controls of similar geographical and ethnic origin, in order to determine whether or not any association existed between specific phenotypes and the occurrence of leprosy. The data derived from the present study were also compared with those of similar comparative analyses on African and non-African populations. Because of the contradictory results between samples with regard to the polymorphisms Hp, Gc and Inv, an association of any of these phenotypes with leprosy appears to be highly improbable. With regard to the polymorphisms Tf and Gm, however, such associations cannot be ruled out. The questions arising from the results are discussed.

Alleles↗
PubMed1993

Three-rooted mandibular molars in patients of Mongolian, Caucasian and Negro origin.

A total of 328 periapical x-rays from 105 patients of Mongolian origin, 106 of Negro origin and 117 of Caucasian origin were studied. The Mongolian race showed a greater incidence of three-rooted mandibular molars (15.2% of the Mongolian patients, 7.5% of the Negro patients and 6.8 of the Caucasian patients). There was no statistical difference in relation to sex and the incidence of this extra root.

Asian People↗
PubMed1976

Lens thickness and angle-closure glaucoma. A comparative oculometric study in South African Negroes and Danes.

A group of Negro patients without ocular disease ("normal" group), a group of Negroes with angle closure glaucoma and a normal Danish population are compared in terms of anterior chamber depth, less thickness, vitreous body length and axial length of the globe. It is noted that the normal black population has a significantly thinner lens than the black population with angle closure glaucoma and the normal Danish population. The latter groups have a lens thickness which is similar. This finding is discussed in relation to the lower incidence of acute closure attacks in the black population. Attacks of angle closure in this populatin are generally of the chronic type.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMed1984

Inbreeding effect on morbidity: I. Three analyses (one with cousin and sib controls) of two surveys among Brazilian whites and Negroes.

Data from two surveys performed in Brazil and involving 5,719 persons have been subdivided into three subsamples (one with cousin and sib controls). The totals led to estimates of B (abnormal equivalents per gamete) around 0.5, of A (the damage in a noninbred population) around 0.01-0.02, and of B/A from 14 to 77. No statistically significant difference was found between whites and nonwhites (mulattoes and Negroes). Inbreeding seems to disclose a predominantly mutational load.

Brazil↗
PubMed1984

Inbreeding effect on morbidity: II. Analyses of a third survey including and excluding infant-juvenile mortality among Brazilian whites and Negroes.

Data on a survey involving 10,458 liveborn white and nonwhite (mulattoes and Negroes) persons have been analyzed to estimate B, A, and B/A for anomalies in general, both including and excluding infant-juvenile mortality. In both instances and race groups, the approximate estimates of those parameters were 0.5, 4.5, and 12. Inbreeding seems to disclose a predominantly mutational load.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Alveolar dehiscences and fenestrae in dried South African Negro mandibles.

The buccal and lingual roots of 1077 teeth from 100 mandibles of South African Negroes were examined for the presence of dehiscences and fenestrae. All specimens were obtained from cadavers of known sex, tribe, and stated age; 10.5% of teeth were affected. Canines and first premolars were the most common teeth associated with dehiscences and fenestrae. Dehiscences occurred more commonly than fenestrae (1:0.49). The defects were found exclusively in the buccal plate of the alveolar process.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Erythrocyte G-6-PD and 6-PGD genetic polymorphisms in South African Negroes, with a note on G-6-PD and the malaria hypothesis.

Sample of 981 and 998 South African Negroes belonging to seven different ethnic groups were screened for G-6-PD and 6-PGD phenotypes, respectively. The results are discussed in terms of the interethnic variability and the possible adaptive values of these genetic polymorphisms. Particular attention is paid to the geographic co-distribution and interrelationship of G-6-PD deficiency and the occurrence of malaria in South Africa.

Black People↗
PubMed1980

PiZpratt: a new alpha 1-antitrypsin allele in an American Negro family.

A rare alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotype was detected in serum of individuals belonging to three generations of an American Negro family. Following the recommended guidelines of nomenclature, we labeled the new Pi type Zpratt; the corresponding allele is PiZpratt. Alpha 1-antitrypsin concentration and trypsin inhibitory capacity are normal in MZpratt serum.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Age-dependency of somatic selection in South African Negro G-6-PD heterozygotes.

The distribution of red cell G-6-PD phenotypes was analysed in terms of their manifestation in South African Negro females of different age classes. It was found that with increasing chronological age, over the age range from the teens to adulthood, the relative proportion of females expressing a "non BB" phenotype gradually decreases and the relative proportion of females expressing a "B" phenotype increases concomitantly. It is suggested that this phenomenon is attributable to age-dependent somatic selection against the deficient A- cell line in appropriate heterozygotes. This process can give rise to the misinterpretation of recording a growing excess of "homozygotes" and a corresponding increasing deficit of "heterozygotes" with ongoing chronological ageing. It is speculated that the postulated process of age-dependent somatic selection may be in response to malaria as the underlying selective agent. Considerations in this respect are discussed in greater detail.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

'Gd(-) Hôtel Dieu': a new G-6PD variant with chronic hemolysis in a Negro patient from Senegal.

A G-6PD deficiency was detected in a Negro patient from Senegal suffering from congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. The main characteristics of this variant were: profound defect of G-6PD activity in the red cells, decreased immunologic specific activity, fast electrophoretic mobility, decreased Km-G-6P and normal Km-NADP+, normal inhibition by ATP and NADPH, slightly increased utilization of the substrate analogues, slightly biphasic pH curve, high heat lability, subnormal activation energy. The characteristics of this variant being unique, it was called 'G-6PD Hôtel Dieu.'

Adult↗
PubMed1980

HLA and insulin-dependent diabetes in South African negroes.

The HLA antigens of 57 South African negroes with juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent diabetes were determined. The frequency of B8 was increased (29.8% VS 13.9%) as was the frequency of B14 (17.5% vs 6.1%). The frequency of patients with either one of these cross-reactive antigens was significantly increased after correction for the number of antigens tested (45.6% VS 19.2%, P (corrected) < 0.005).

Adult↗