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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[CT virtual endoscopy: A study of the capability to display the structures and abnormalities in nasal cavity].

To evaluate displaying ability of virtual endoscopy and its clinical application in comparison with fiberoptic nasal endoscopy, 11 patients (22 nasal cavities) were examined by virtual endoscopy after axial spiral CT scanning was performed. Virtual endoscopy was performed by Explorer software package in a computer workstation. 9 patients (18 nasal cavities) underwent fiberoptic endoscopy. Results showed virtual endoscopy could clearly demonstrate the anatomical structures in nasal cavity, septal deviation, nasal meatus narrowing and obstruction, turbinate hyperplasia, and pathological masses larger than 3 mm in diameter. However, the "false adhesions" may appear with virtual endoscopy. The main limitation of virtual endoscopy was inability to evaluate mucosa and lack of histological diagnosis. Virtual endoscopy is a new and non-invasive method for demonstrating anatomical structures and diseases in nasal cavity. Its displaying ability is comparable with fiberoptic nasal endoscopy. It can serve as a supplementary method of fiberoptic nasal endoscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Modeling inspiratory and expiratory steady-state velocity fields in the Sprague-Dawley rat nasal cavity.

Distribution patterns of odorant molecules in the rat nasal olfactory region depend in large part on the detailed airflow patterns in the nasal cavity, which in turn depend on the anatomical structure. To investigate these flow patterns, we constructed an anatomically accurate finite element model of the right nasal cavity of the Sprague-Dawley rat based on horizontal (anterior-posterior) nasal cast cross sections. By numerically solving the fluid mechanical momentum and continuity equations using the finite element method, we studied the flow distribution and the complete velocity field for both inspiration and expiration throughout the nasal cavity under physiological flow rates of resting breathing and sniffing. Detailed velocity profiles, volumetric flow distributions, and streamline patterns for quasi-steady airflow are presented. S-shaped streamlines passing through the olfactory region are found to be less prevalent during expiratory than inspiratory flow leading to trapping and an increase in odorant molecule retention in the olfactory region during sniffing. The rat nasal velocity calculations will be used to study the distribution of odorant uptake onto the rat olfactory mucosa and compare it with the known anatomic location of some types of rat olfactory receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Acoustic rhinometry: evaluation of nasal cavity geometry by acoustic reflection.

To study the geometry of the nasal cavity we applied an acoustic method (J. Appl. Physiol. 43: 523-536, 1977) providing an estimate of cross-sectional area as a function of distance. Acoustic areas in a model constructed from a human nasal cast, in the nasal cavity of a cadaver and in 10 normal subjects and two patients with well-defined afflictions of the nasal cavity, were compared with similar areas obtained by computerized tomography (CT) scans, a specially developed water displacement method, and anterior rhinomanometry. We found a coefficient of variation of the areas of less than 2% by the acoustic method compared with 15% for the rhinomanometric measurements. Acoustic areas correlated highly to similar areas obtained by CT scanning (r = 0.94) and by water displacement (r = 0.96). In two patients the acoustic method accurately outlined, respectively, a tumor in the nose and a septum deviation. It is concluded that this method provides an accurate method for measuring the geometry of the nasal cavity. It is easy to perform and is potentially useful for investigation of physiological and pathological changes in the nose.

Acoustics↗
PubMed2006

[Effect of ephedrine on nasal cavity mucosa and study on therapy of ATP to the effect].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of ephedrine on histomorphology and ultrastructure of nasal cavity mucosa from the healthy SD rats and explore the intervenient role of adenosine triphosphate(ATP). METHOD: Twenty-three SD rats were divided randomly into three groups: Group A as control group; Group B for ephedrine; Group C for ephedrine and ATP (injection of ATP into peritoneal while ephedrine was given). Nasal cavity mucosa were taken for light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 8th week of the experiment. RESULT: The damages in Group B of nasal cavity mucosa of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd week was aggravated gradually, histomorphology and ultrastructure of nasal cavity mucosa had no recovered after withdrawing drug until 8th week. Few damages in Group C of nasal cavity mucosa had been found in 1st week and a few damages were found in 2nd and 3rd week. The injured cells recovered definitely after stopping ephedrine and continuous application of ATP for another 5 weeks. CONCLUSION: The nasal cavity mucosa of SD rats can be damaged by ephedrine and the degree of damages of which becomes more serious with the increase of time. Furthermore the damages do not recover. ATP can alleviate the damages of nasal cavity mucosa from SD rats caused by ephedrine and prevent nasal cavity mucosa from the damages induced by ephedrine.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1982

Comparative morphometry of the nasal cavity in rats and mice.

The distribution of the various epithelial types lining the nasal cavity in normal 7 and 16 weeks old male Fischer-344 rats and male B6C3F1 mice has been mapped at the light microscopic level. Photographs of transverse sections of the nose were analysed using a Zeiss Videoplan computerized image analysis system programmed for measurement and evaluation of count, area, perimeter and length. In rats, the volumes of the nasal cavity at 7 and 16 weeks are 156 and 257 mm3 respectively; while in mice the nasal cavity volume is essentially the same (32 . 5 and 31 . 5 mm3) at the same two ages. Total surface areas of the nasal cavity in rats at 7 and 16 weeks are 799 and 1344 mm2 respectively; and in mice 278 and 289 mm2. The percentages of the nasal cavity surface lined by squamous, respiratory and olfactory epithelium are similar at both ages in both species. Applications and significance of these data are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Transfer of tritiated water, tyrosine, and propanol from the nasal cavity to cranial arterial blood in rats.

Respiration cools the nasal vein blood. This may, via counter current transfer in the cavernous sinus/carotid artery complex, cool the brain arterial blood and, therefore, decrease the brain temperature during heat stress. We investigated the possible local transfer of substances from the nasal cavities to the brain via a similar transfer between nasal venous blood and brain arterial blood. Tritiated water (TW), 3H-tyrosine (T) and 14C-propanol (P) were infused into the nasal cavity of anesthetized rats that had two catheters inserted into the same, occluded carotid artery, one pointing towards the head, the other towards the heart. Continuous, parallel blood samples were collected throughout 30-s periods for 10 min, and the radioactivity measured in the separated plasma. After nasal application of TW, the radioactivity increased in the head arterial plasma samples compared with the parallel heart samples. When recirculation to the general circulation was diminished, a larger and significant difference was found for all three substances during the last 5 min of the collection period. No difference between the parallel samples was observed after intravenous administration of the three substances. Absorption of all three substances from the nasal cavity was rapid and high. The results indicate that local transfer takes place between the venous and arterial blood in the head, probably in the area of the cavernous sinus-carotid artery complex, which in rat and man lacks a Rete Mirabile. The local transfer raises the possibility of treating brain diseases in man locally through nasal application of drugs.

1-Propanol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nonsquamous cell malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses.

BACKGROUND: Nonsquamous cell malignant tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are an uncommon and diverse group of neoplasms. Our goal was to define the relative frequency and distribution of these neoplasms, as well as treatment and outcome. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 106 patients with nonsquamous cell malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses treated at our institution between 1966 and 1982. RESULTS: Pathology included: salivary type carcinoma (33 patients); sarcoma (25 patients); melanoma (18 patients); esthesioneuroblastoma (11 patients); lymphoma (11 patients); and anaplastic cancer (9 patients). Most tumors arose in the nasal cavity (50%), followed by the antrum (39%), ethmoid sinus (9%), and frontal sinus (2%). Fifty-four percent of all patients were treated with surgery alone. Determinate 5-year and 10-year cure rates were: esthesioneuroblastoma, 70% and 50%; lymphoma, 45% and 30%; anaplastic, 33% and 25%; salivary, 31% and 18%; sarcoma, 25% and 21%; and melanoma, 19% and 0%. CONCLUSIONS: Overall survival for patients with nonsquamous cell malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is poor, particularly with follow-up extended to 10 years. Local recurrence is the major source of treatment failure. We were unable to demonstrate any survival advantage in the group of patients who received surgery and radiotherapy in combination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Measurements of cross-sectional area of the nasal cavity by acoustic rhinometry and CT scanning.

The authors aimed to evaluate the validity and characteristics of acoustic rhinometic tests by comparing the results with those of computed tomography (CT) of the nasal cavity. Cross-sectional areas along the nasal cavity were measured by acoustic rhinometry (AR) and CT of the nasal cavity in 30 normal subjects. Cross-sectional areas measured by each technique showed a statistically significant correlation. The two measurements showed a better linear correlation in the anterior part of the nasal cavity up to 24 mm from the nostril than in the posterior part of the nasal cavity beyond that point. Mean cross-sectional areas measured by AR were constantly less than those measured by CT of the nasal cavity up to 33 mm from the nostril, whereas areas measured by AR were greater than those measured by CT scans beyond that point.

Acoustics↗
PubMed2005

Chondro-osseous respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma of the nasal cavity: a case report.

Chondro-osseous respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (COREAH) of the nasal cavity is an exceedingly rare benign lesion of the nasal cavity. We report a case arising in an 11-year-old male patient, who presented with a 6-month history of right-sided nasal obstruction. Examination revealed a large fleshy, tender polyp in the right nasal cavity. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the large mass in the anterior nasal cavity extending superiorly to the cribriform plate on the right hand side. The polyp was resected endoscopically and confirmed histologically as a COREAH. The clinical differential diagnosis includes cartilaginous tumours and other hamartomatous lesions. Local resection should be curative.

Cartilage↗
PubMed2004

[The large tumour of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses--a case report].

The authors described the case of the large tumour of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses caused total occlusion of the right nasal cavity. The greater part of the tumour was outside of the nasal cavity. Computed tomography showed: a mass, which filled nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, ethmoid, frontal and translocated the septum. The rhinotomy was performed and the large tumour was removed. In histopathological test was found: polypus fibrovascularis oedematicus in statu inflammationis chronicae.

Adenomatous Polyps↗
PubMed1986

A case-referent study of cancer of the nasal cavity and sinuses in Hong Kong.

A case-referent study of cancer of the nasal cavity and sinuses (NCS) was conducted in Hong Kong where textile and garment manufacturing are major industries. The study population included 225 nasal cavity and sinus cancer cases (NCS), 224 nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) referents, and 226 all other malignancies (AOM) referents, diagnosed at the Institute of Radiology and Oncology from 1974 through 1981. A strikingly close similarity in occupational distribution between NPC referents and NCS cases was found. Compared to AOM referents, statistically significantly elevated odds ratios of association with nasal cavity and sinuses cancer were found among textile workers (OR, 2.93), fishermen (OR, 3.38), farmers (OR, 1.94) and construction workers (OR, 1.91) particularly for textile workers and fishermen with more than 15 years of employment (textile workers, OR 7.39), (fishermen, OR 3.72). Among textile workers, somewhat more elevated risks were found among weavers (OR, 4.72) after controlling for employment years. Slightly but not statistically significant elevated relative risks of NCS were also associated with those who smoked (OR 1.40) and those who were locally born in Hong Kong (OR 1.53). The known risk of nasopharyngeal cancer among fishermen and those originating from the southern Chinese province of Guangdong was also evident. These findings confirm an association of nasal cavity and sinuses cancer with textile work which has been previously suggested by other studies and provide new leads for further research on the environmental aetiology of cancer of the nasal cavity, sinuses and nasopharynx.

China↗
PubMed2002

[The effect of postoperative nasal cavity adhesion on the long-term results of endoscopic sinus surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of postoperative nasal cavity adhesion on the long-term results of endoscopic sinus surgery. METHOD: From October, 1994 to September 1998, 845 patients with sinusitis and polyps under gone endoscopic sinus surgery in our hospital. There were 132 cases with unilateral lesion and 713 cases with bilateral lesion, total of 1558 lateral lesions. All the lesions were classified according to the Haikou (1997) typing and staging system of sinusitis. All the cases were follow-up over 1 year. RESULT: According to the Haikou cure criterion, 1280 sides were cured one year after operation. The total cure rate was 82.2%. The cure rates of type I, type II stage 1, type II stage 2, type II stage 3 and type III patients were 91%, 98.9%, 82.8%, 75% and 61.2% respectively. Total of 278 sides were failure. 151 sides of them had nasal cavity adhesion (54.3%). The types of the nasal cavity adhesion were middle turbinate adhesion to the lateral wall of the middle meatus, to the inferior turbinate and to the nasal septum. CONCLUSION: The postoperative nasal cavity adhesion was the main factor which can cause the failure of the endoscopic sinus surgery. The middle turbinate played an important role in preventing nasal cavity adhesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Malignant melanoma of nasal cavities. Case contributions].

Primitive melanoma of nasal cavities is a rare clinical event. Its pathogenesis is due to the neoplastic development of melanocytes of neuroectodermal origin which are located in the nasal mucosa. Characteristics clinical symptoms are nasal obstruction and recurrent nose-bleeding. In spite of new therapeutic approaches the prognosis of this disease remains severe. No case of primitive malignant melanoma of the nasal cavities has been treated with radiotherapy, according to the authors experience. Sometimes it may be difficult to recognize a cutaneous malignant melanoma because of regression. It may be found after the evidentiation of its recurrences and/or metastasis in different sites. One of the cases here reported came to the authors' attention as ethmoido-frontal metastasis.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

The anatomy and histology of the nasal cavity of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus).

The anatomy of the nose of the koala was studied from fixed 0.5 cm thick sections of a whole head. Right and left nasal cavities are separated by a slender septum which does not exhibit 'swell bodies'. Dorsal and ventral conchae are simple curved plates without elaborate scrolls; the ventral concha is recurved to form a bulla. The nasal cavity communicates with confluent rostral maxillary and frontal air sinuses. A ventrocaudal maxillary sinus opens from the ventral meatus close to the choanae. There is a frontal sinus dorsocaudal to the ethmoid region which does not communicate with the nasal cavity. Nasal and oral cavities communicate via incisive ducts, opening just rostral to the vomeronasal ducts. The vomeronasal organ extends from the level of the fourth incisor to the first cheek tooth. The histology of the nasal area was examined by light and electron microscopy. Stratified squamous epithelium extends from the external nares to the incisive duct; nerve endings are frequent in association with its basal cells. Respiratory epithelium lines the nasal cavity proper, olfactory epithelium covers the ethmoturbinate bones, caudal dorsa concha and caudal septum, and sensory epithelium lines the medial aspect of the vomeronasal organ. Nasal secretions are provided by goblet cells and conchal and septal glands in respiratory areas, and by Bowman's and vomeronasal glands in the sensory areas. There are no lateral nasal glands, maxillary sinus glands or swell body glands.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Stereographic demonstration of the nasal cavity of the rat with reference to the density of blood vessels.

Stereographic demonstration of the nasal cavity and distribution of the density of blood vessels were analyzed by computer simulation of serial sections of the rat nose. The nasal cavity was lined by 3 types of epithelium: Stratified epithelium covering the nasal vestibule, the anterior part of the maxilloturbinale, and the anterior part of the septum; respiratory epithelium covering most of the naso- and maxilloturbinalia, and middle part of the septum; and olfactory epithelium covering most of the ethmoturbinale and postero-dorsal part of the septum. Distribution of densities of blood vessels in the lamina propria of the nasal mucosa was roughly correlated with the distribution of the 3 types of epithelium: 194 blood vessels/mm2 of lamina propria beneath the olfactory epithelium; 82 vessels/mm2 beneath the stratified epithelium; and 66 vessels/mm2 beneath the respiratory epithelium. The average density of blood vessels in the nasal cavity was 3.8 times higher than that of the oral cavity. The high density of blood vessels in the nasal cavity was considered to be related to the function of the nose, i.e., the warming and humidification of inspired air.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Button battery as a foreign body in the nasal cavities. Special aspects.

Alkaline batteries as foreign bodies in the nasal cavities are dangerous because they can cause liquefaction necrosis with subsequent severe local tissue destruction. Batteries found in the nasal cavities should be removed immediately to prevent sequelae such as septal perforations or nasal meatus stenosis. Due to the common use of these batteries (e.g. watches, electronic toys and games, calculators) physicians and the general public should be more aware of this type of foreign body and the peculiarities in their management. We present five cases of button battery foreign bodies in the nasal cavities and review 12 cases described in the literature and discuss the special aspects of these foreign bodies.

Burns, Chemical↗
PubMed2005

Squamous papillomatosis of the bilateral nasal cavities.

The term "papillomatosis" indicates the tendency towards multicentricity and recurrence that these tumors exhibit (Snyder et al. 1972). A typical squamous papilloma arises from the nasal vestibule and is characterized by the epithelial proliferation growing an exophytic manner. We report a rare case of squamous papillomatosis of the bilateral nasal cavities. A 65-year-old man presented with a 2-year-history of bilateral nasal obstruction. Computed tomographic (CT) scans revealed a soft density mass in the bilateral nasal cavities and ethmoid sinuses. Because the tumors were limited to the nasal cavities and anterior ethmoid sinuses, total removal of the tumors was performed endoscopically. On the basis of the clinicopathological findings, the tumors were diagnosed as squamous papillomas. His post-operative course was uneventful, and he is currently free from disease 13 months after surgery. Nasal papillomas usually arise from the unilateral nasal cavity or paranasal sinus. While some cases of inverted (inverting) papillomas arising from the bilateral nasal cavities have been reported, bilateralism of the nasal squamous papillomas is quite rare. Diagnosis, clinical behavior and treatment of squamous papillomatosis of the bilateral nasal cavities are reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[Primary malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity presenting as a large tumor of the cheek].

INTRODUCTION: Malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity is a rare tumor usually causing unilateral nasal obstruction and nasal bleeding. Diagnosis is achieved with immunohistochemistry analysis. Surgery is proposed for curative treatment. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 60-year-old man with a malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity revealed by an important tumor of the cheek. Epistaxis and nasal obstructive syndrome occurred later. Because of the tumor stage, palliative chemotherapy was performed but the patient died 4 months after the diagnosis. DISCUSSION: This clinical presentation of malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity, related to local spreading, is exceptional. CT scan and MRI are essential for tumor staging and therapeutic decision-making. Prognosis remains poor.

Cheek↗