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Thirty fly maggots were retrieved from the nasal cavity of a 23-year old man who had one week previously received treatment for a nasal fracture. The larvae were identified as Calliphora erythrocephala. These are not a common cause of myiasis as they normally breed on carrion. In myiasis it is important to establish whether the larvae are invasive or not. A brief description of nasal myiasis is given.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a simple, noninvasive method for removing fly larvae from patients with furuncular myiasis. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Ambulatory office of a tertiary care center. PATIENTS: Three patients who presented with Dermatobia hominis infestation. INTERVENTION: The patients with D hominis infestation were treated with the application of bacon fat over the larval apertures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Removal of intact larvae. RESULTS: Within 3 hours of the application of bacon, the larvae had migrated sufficiently far out of the skin to be removed with tweezers. Ten larvae were removed with this method. There were no treatment failures or complications. CONCLUSIONS: Furuncular myiasis will be seen more frequently in temperate areas as individuals travel to endemic areas. We describe the clinical characteristics of myiasis and a simple method of treatment that permits rapid diagnosis and cure.
A patient with primary non-hodgkins lymphoma of the paranasal sinuses presenting as rhinoorbital myiasis is reported. The myiasis causing species was identified as Chrysomia bezziana Villeneuve. This case demonstrates the extreme destruction caused by myiasis and the inadequacy of therapeutic options available in such patients.
A case of myiasis of a cutaneous tumour, a melanoblastoma in the right axilla of an 87-year old woman is described. After two years of illness in the last months of life an attack of the tumour by larvae of the fly Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) was observed. This fly is the most frequent causal agent of tissue, cavity, ocular and urogenital human myiasis in Central Europe. Usually, injured or seriously ill patients are attacked by the larvae in urban as well as rural conditions. This is the first described case of myiasis located in a tumour.
We report a case of myiasis caused by Phaenicia sericata during mechanical ventilation. An 86-year-old woman with bronchiectasis was admitted to our hospital with severe respiratory failure. Treatment with mechanical ventilation and sedatives was initiated. On the 10th day of hospitalization, about 20 white larvae were found in the patient's oral or nasal cavities. The larvae were removed and identified as Phaenicia sericata. No mucosal injury was found in the patient's oral or nasal cavity by endoscopic examination. The patient died of multiple organ failure caused by sepsis that had no association with myiasis. From the clinical course and the fly's life cycle, it is considered that the fly laid eggs in the patient's oral or nasal cavity while she was sedated during mechanical ventilation. Myiasis can occur even in a hospital.
The prophylactic efficacy of ivermectin against navel or scrotal myiasis in calves was evaluated in eight trials in Argentina and Brazil. In two trials, calves were injected subcutaneously with ivermectin at a dosage of at least 200 microg kg(-1) within 24 h of birth. In the other six trials, two with two-month-old calves and four with four-month-old or older calves, all calves were treated with ivermectin at a dosage of at least 200 microg kg(-1) immediately after castration. In all trials, calves were maintained together on pasture and naturally exposed to Cochliomyia hominivorax. Navel and scrotal wounds were examined for myiasis daily for at least 14 days. Incidence of navel and scrotal myiasis was significantly lower (P < 0.01) in treated calves than in control calves.
This retrospective study examined the case records of Old World screw-worm fly myiasis in dogs in Hong Kong's New Territories. Myiasis due to OWSWF was identified and treated in 59 dogs at our clinic over a period of 1 year. Signalment, causes of initial wound, and treatments implemented, are reported. All cases recovered from myiasis with a combination of larvae removal and wound debridement, antibiotics, and topical and systemic insecticides. Whilst this parasite is currently exotic to Australia, much of the country is environmentally suitable (tropical and subtropical) for establishment of OWSWF.
Myiasis is the invasion of living tissue of humans and other mammals by the eggs or larvae of flies of the order of Diptera. It occurs mainly in the tropic, and is associated with inadequate public and personal hygiene. Oral myiasis in humans appears to be rare. This article records a case of oral myiasis caused by larvae of Hypoderma bovis. Two different pathologic soft tissue sockets were observed in the vestibular sulcus at the level of the both deciduous laterals along the deep upper lip tissues.
Cerebral myiasis with a 10-day history of convulsions due to an intracerebral hematoma caused by a Hypoderma bovis larva is reported in an 8-year-old child. Computerized tomography (CT) showed the hematoma in a right parieto-occipital location. The H. bovis larva and the extensive intracerebral hematoma were discovered during surgery. Among human parasitoses, cerebral myiasis is rare: a review of the literature revealed only two reports, one published in 1969 and one in 1980. This is the first case that has been diagnosed as cerebral myiasis with exact identification of the Hypoderma bovis larva both from the CT scans and at surgery in a patient during life.
Myiasis is the infestation of live humans with larvae of Diptera (true flies). This report describes a protracted illness caused by infestation with Hypoderma lineatum, resembling the hypereosinophilic syndrome. A 35-year-old man had a 9-month multisystemic illness with pronounced eosinophilia, pleuritis, pericarditis, and myositis. Treatments including glucocorticoids did not alter the disease. Diagnostic studies included computed tomography, 2-dimensional echocardiography, leukocyte count, surgical biopsy of skin and muscle, blood immunoglobulin levels, and blood chemistry. Myiasis was recognized when a worm emerged from the patient's skin; after a second worm emerged, the patient's symptoms disappeared rapidly. Other determinations included IgE and IgG levels specific for H lineatum, Western blot, and immunofluorescence for eosinophil major basic protein; IgG antibodies to H lineatum decreased after emergence of the worms. The patient's symptoms mimicked the hypereosinophilic syndrome but resolved when the myiasis became apparent. Specific serologic analyses can identify infected patients, and ivermectin may be useful as treatment.
OBJECTIVE: To study cases of furuncular myiasis by tumbu fly (Cordylobia anthropophaga) among Pakistani troops in Sierra Leone, Africa. DESIGN: Observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Pakistani troops in Sierra Leone, Africa. The duration of the study was 1 year, from July 2001 to August 2002. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two hundred and forty-eight cases of furuncular myiasis were observed among Pakistani soldiers. All the patients were male. The lesions were treated by removal of the larva followed by twice daily application of an antibacterial ointment. The extraction was done by injecting 2% xylocaine over the base of the nodule. Care was exercised in not damaging the larva while extracting. RESULTS: The ages were from 22 to 43 years. Mean age was 29.42 years. The patients presented with a solitary lesion (178 out of total 248 cases, 71.8%) or multiple lesions (70 out of 248 cases, 28.2%). The lesions were almost always on the non-exposed parts of the body (239 cases out of total 248 cases, 96.37%). One case presented with a lesion on the face and 8 cases had lesions over dorsum of hands or feet. CONCLUSION: This disease is common in tropical Africa. The knowledge of the disease, its management and prevention is necessary for all the individuals who are planning to visit tropical Africa.
Myiasis is a parasitic infestation caused by larvae of several fly species. Diagnosis and treatment are simple. This infestation is, however, rarely seen in the vulvar area. We present a short review of the disease and the case of a 19-year-old pregnant girl with vulvar myiasis and concomitant syphilis, vaginal trichomoniasis and genital candidiasis. The patient was also positive for human immunodeficiency virus.
We report a case of human nasal myiasis caused by fruit fly larvae in a 33-year-old man who visited the south coast of Turkey. The fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) is endemic in the southern part of Turkey. Infestation with fruit fly larvae must be considered in patients who are visiting areas of the world where Drosophila is endemic. This is the first reported case of fruit fly larvae causing human nasal myiasis. The clinical presentation and treatment strategies are discussed.
A case of orotracheal myiasis in an 80-year-old man in coma for 1 week in the intensive care unit of Baskent University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, is reported. A number of larvae of Wohlfahrtia magnifica were recovered repeatedly from the mouth and from the intubation tube of the patient and were reared to adults to facilitate identification. This case history points out the risky of myiasis caused by W. magnifica in the unconscious, debilitated patient.
Oral myiasis (infestation by the larvae of Diptera flies) has only rarely been reported in the English-language literature. This article records a case of wound myiasis caused by flies of the family Sarcophagidae that affected a tooth-extraction site, and was a painful complication of the extraction.
A case of traumatic nosocomial myiasis caused by the green bottle fly Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) occurred in a patient hospitalized following a serious road traffic accident. The patient had suffered extensive polytrauma particularly in the facial area of the skull. A total of 50 larvae was discovered in the oral cavity, nose, paranasal sinuses and enucleated eye-socket. Projected timing indicated that the eggs were laid while the patient was hospitalized. The development of myiasis was facilitated by the mental and physical debility and dependency of the patient, numerous and deep facial necrotic wounds and a lengthy period of hot weather which led to prolonged open window ventilation of his room.
Oral myiasis is rare, particularly in western developed countries. This case report describes the presentation of oral myiasis as an enlarged submandibular lymph node associated with a buccal mass, in a Caucasian male who had recently returned from the Gambia. It highlights the need for increased clinical awareness when dealing with patients who have recently travelled overseas.
In a random sample of animal producers and animal health personnel, 33% of the respondents in Trinidad, 15% in Guyana, 11% in Suriname and 9% in Jamaica recalled at least one case of human myiasis due to Cochliomyia homivorax (Coquerel). During 1981, respondents in Surinam (88%), Jamaica (90%), Guyana (85%) and Trinidad and Tobago (82%) found at least one case of myiasis in their livestock, occurring mainly in cattle, pigs and dogs. Feral animals, e.g. jaguars, were also found to be infested. The initial wounds were mainly the umbilicus of neonates, and arbitrary wounds, and vampire bites were also affected. Fifty-three to 78% of all respondents examined their livestock daily for wounds and infestation by the screwworm. Annual estimates of losses (in U.S. dollars) due to surveillance and medication ranged from $4.82 to $10.71 per animal. Nationally, these losses amount to $0.30 million (Surinam), $1.02 million (Trinidad and Tobago), $4.33 million (Guyana) and $6.78 million (Jamaica). Figures for other losses, arising from failure to thrive, reduction in milk production and hide injury due to screwworm activity were not available. Most producers found that the greatest screwworm infestation occurred in the wet season, and most described it as second in importance to Boophilus spp. ticks as a pest of livestock, but of greater significance than biting flies, such as tabanids and stable flies. Eradication of the screwworm from the islands of Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago can be recommended, but in Surinam and Guyana eradication seems feasible only on the 100-km wide coastal strips where most human and livestock populations exist.