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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Social network advice during pregnancy: myths, misinformation, and sound counsel.

One hundred eighty-five low-income, inner-city women were interviewed after they gave birth. They were allowed to report on up to 30 members of their social networks, including household members, relatives, and friends. Questions were asked regarding the types and nature of health advice given to them by these individuals, the relationship of each advisor, and his or her age and sex. Respondents received between 0 and 211 (median 20) pieces of advice related to pregnancy health from 0 to 19 (median 5) members of their social networks. Both folk beliefs and information aligned with accepted medical views of health promotion were communicated to individual women. Most advice rendered was sound, but often the rationale for the recommended health action was poorly understood. Some respondents received advice that, if followed, could be harmful to health. This suggests that for some low-income, inner-city women, social networks serve as important resources for health information. However, the advice they convey may cause unnecessary worry or come into conflict with recommendations of health care providers. Therefore, new educational strategies are required to address the informational needs not just of individual women, but of their social networks as well.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Economic costs of misinforming about risk: the EDB scare and the media.

This study reports results of an analysis of consumer responses to news reports of grain-product contamination by the pesticide ethylene dibromide (EDB). The results demonstrate that it is possible to quantify market disruption related to the dissemination of risk information. Implications include the need for increased awareness among risk managers that public perceptions, regardless of their objective accuracy, can induce real economic costs. Such costs should be considered in designing regulatory and information policies.

Edible Grain↗
PubMed1977

Misinformation from sputum cultures without microscopic examination.

Only 13 of 38 hospital laboratories surveyed include a Gram stain routinely in microbiological sputum examination. In a prospective three-hospital study, 60% of over 1,200 "sputum" specimens consisted predominantly of saliva, as judged by cell composition. Compared with the results of cultures in which microorganisms presumptively identified on sputum smears were specifically sought ("directed cultures"), cultures of the same specimens processed in the routine manner missed pneumococci 61%, haemophili 23%, and yeasts 44% of the time. The findings were similar in all three hospitals despite differences in administration, staffing, primary culture media, and workload. Unless microscopic examination is routinely included, half of all microbiological information rendered on sputum specimens is meaningless and subject to dangerous misapplication. Furthermore, culture must be guided by microscopic findings, or respiratory pathogens will frequently be missed. Finally, when routine culture and smear disagree, the culture cannot be assumed to be correct. Microscopic examination should be mandatory in sputum microbiology, both for specimen evaluation and as a guide to what to look for in culture.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed2004

Genetic testing for cardiovascular disease susceptibility: a useful clinical management tool or possible misinformation?

Genetic susceptibility tests are already advertised on the Internet to identify individuals at above average risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as deep vein thrombosis, hyperlipidemia, or atherosclerosis, whereas other tests claim to predict response to a particular drug treatment. Some kits are available to the public directly, bypassing a doctor. Their value, however, must be considered carefully, because although a genotype may be strongly and consistently associated with an intermediate trait, and because the intermediate trait is a strong predictor of CVD risk, there may be little or no association of genotype with risk over and above that of the measured trait. This is because multigenic effects and environmental modification (context dependency) of genotype effects determine CVD risk. An individual's personal characteristics and plasma risk-trait levels (which reflect both genotype and exposure) at present are the best predictors of clinical outcome. Only when genetic tests surpass this, possibly by the inclusion of many functional common variants, in conjunction with their context-dependent effects on risk, might their usefulness in clinical management be realized. Here we review some of the particular issues and concerns raised by CVD-risk genetic testing, and suggest areas of further research to address these issues.

Apolipoproteins E↗
PubMed2005

[The conquest for non-smoking zones confronted with industry tactics: scientific misinformation and front groups. The Canadian experience].

"Cigarette smuggling: a wide scope phenomenon only there to serve the interests of big tobacco manuafacturers" uses industry officials' quotes and documents to describe how tobacco manufacturers are involved in the organisation of smuggling and how manufacturers use smuggling in two ways: on one hand, to flood markets with cheap cigarettes and defeat governements' efforts to reduce tobacco consumption by adopting one of the most efficient public health measures (ie: high taxation of tobacco products) and on the other hand, by using the false threat of increased contraband to scare politicians and prevent them from adopting strong fiscal policies. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) with a protocol on smuggling and the collaboration between international agencies is a means to counter and defeat the tobacco industry attemps at sabotaging efficient public health measures.

Canada↗
PubMed2003

Expensive cerebral blood flow measurements alone are useless and misinformative in comatose patients: a comprehensive alternative.

Since the first report addressing quantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF), concomitant assessment of cerebral oxygen consumption was also carried out. Over the years, however, some investigators have emphatically and mistakenly addressed cerebral ischemia in comatose patients, on the basis of CBF measurements alone. In contrast, we have repeatedly reported that ischemia in these patients must be precisely evaluated based on CBF-metabolism coupling or uncoupling, rather than CBF alone. Based on these previous findings, we therefore propose a comprehensive alternative approach, namely the evaluation of brain ischemia in comatose patients based on cerebral metabolic parameters, such as cerebral extraction of oxygen or cerebral lactate release, without expensive CBF measurements.

Brain Ischemia↗
PubMed1999

Developed pressure data may provide misinformation when used alone to evaluate systolic function in isovolumetric left ventricle preparations.

We report data showing that developed pressure (DPmax) may lead to opposite conclusion with respect to maximal developed circumferential wall stress (sigma max) when used to assess contractile function in left ventricle isovolumic preparations. Isovolumetric left ventricle preparations of rats with cardiac hypertrophy (H; N = 10) induced by isoproterenol administration showed higher DPmax (174 +/- 14 mmHg) than control (C; N = 8) animals (155 +/- 12 mmHg) or rats with regression (R; N = 8) of hypertrophy (144 +/- 11 mmHg). In contrast, the estimated sigma max for C (145 +/- 26 kdynes/cm2) and R (133 +/- 17 kdynes/cm2) was higher than for H (110 +/- 13 kdynes/cm2). According to Laplace's law, the opposite results of DPmax and sigma max may depend on the increased mass/volume left ventricle ratio of the hypertrophied hearts, which favored pressure generation. These results clearly show that DPmax should be used with caution to analyze systolic function.

Animals↗