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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Sonographic changes in the endometrium of climacteric women during hormonal treatment.

Vaginal sonography of the endometrium is a new method of monitoring the effects of progestogen replacement therapy during the post-menopausal period. The advantages of transvaginal ultrasonic diagnosis are that the uterus can be seen from the fornix vaginae (that is from close range) and that the examination can be carried out whether the bladder is full or not. The differences in the thickness and structure of the endometrium, and the boundary with the surrounding myometrium, enable most of the endometrial changes that occur during the post-menopausal period to be detected sonographically. In the first group of patients we investigated, endometrial carcinoma was detected in 2 out of 60 women suffering from post-menopausal metrorrhagia, the findings subsequently being confirmed histologically. It was observed that post-menopausal women who have regular bleeding during post-menopausal hormone therapy show signs of endometrial proliferation during oestrogen therapy and of secretion during progestogen therapy.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1990

Clinical use of oestrogens and progestogens.

Oestrogens cure climacteric complaints and prevent the late sequelae of oestrogen deficiency. Prevention of myocardial infarction and of osteoporosis is now the main argument for long-term substitution of oestrogens and progestogens in the post-menopause and leads to a reduction of overall morbidity and mortality in users. Indications, contraindications, some side effects, risk-benefit and cost-benefit considerations are discussed and practical advice for oestrogen medication with regard to doses, preparations and the addition of progestogens is given.

Climacteric↗
PubMed1994

The role of prolactin in the menopause.

Within a study on menopausal discomforts, 2322 women were seen for the first time at the Outpatients Department for Climacteric Disturbances and Prophylaxis of Osteoporosis at our clinic. Amongst routine hormonal examination we measured prolactin levels. We found hyperprolactinemia in 23 women. Furthermore, in 224 women who initially had normal hPRL values, an estrogen-gestagen replacement therapy was administered and within this we found a significant increase of the prolactin levels (P < 0.005). The role of prolactin in the climacteric period as well as the mechanism of the estrogen effect upon prolactin secretion are subjects of discussion.

Climacteric↗
PubMed1996

Comparative effect of short-term topical tretinoin and glycolic acid on mechanical properties of photodamaged facial skin in HRT-treated menopausal women.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cutaneous intrinsic ageing has been shown to be improved by hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Photoageing is, however, unresponsive to such treatment. The present double-blind study was undertaken to compare the beneficial effect of a 1-month topical treatment with 0.05% all-trans-retinoic acid or 6% glycolic acid. METHOD: Biomechanical properties were measured on facial skin of HRT-treated menopausal women using both topical products on the hemifaces for 1 month. RESULTS: Skin elasticity proved to be significantly higher at the tretinoin-treated site than at the glycolic acid-treated site. CONCLUSION: Objective non-invasive measurements of the biomechanical properties of facial skin show the superiority of retinoic acid over glycolic acid in improving a deleterious effect of ageing.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1998

Sensitive skin at menopause; dew point and electrometric properties of the stratum corneum.

OBJECTIVE: A number of menopausal women experience skin sensitive to various environmental threats. METHOD: Two panels of 15 menopausal women on or without HRT were compared. We studied the response of their stratum corneum to variations in environmental humidity, either in air or in response to an emollient. Environment dew point and electrometric measurements on the skin were recorded to search for correlations. RESULTS: Data show that the baseline stratum corneum hydration is influenced by the dew point. HRT improves the barrier function of the skin. The use of emollient further extends the improvement in the functional properties of skin in menopausal women. CONCLUSION: Both HRT and an emollient can counteract in part some of the deleterious effects of cold and dry weather.

Epidermis↗
PubMed1999

Climacteric skin ageing of the face--a prospective longitudinal comparative trial on the effect of oral hormone replacement therapy.

BACKGROUND: It is still a matter of debate whether HRT improves the physical quality of sun damaged skin. OBJECTIVES: To compare in a prospective longitudinal study the effects of climacteric aging controlled or not by HRT upon the tensile properties of facial skin. METHOD: A total of 140 women aged 40-52 years were enrolled in the study. The HRT group comprised 90 volunteers and a control group encompassed 50 non recipient volunteers. Yearly measurements of tensile functions of facial skin were performed for 5 years. A computerized suction device equipped with a 2-mm diameter hollow probe derived tensile variables quantifying skin distensibility, viscosity and elasticity. RESULTS: Climacteric aging was characterized by increased skin distensibility (1.1% per year) and viscosity (1.3% per year) mirrored by a decrease in elasticity (1.5% per year). HRT helped mitigate such changes. However, the HRT efficacy was not similar in all volunteers. Groups of good and poor responders were clearly identified as far as benefit on skin elasticity was concerned. CONCLUSION: The beneficial effect of HRT upon climacteric skin aging of the face is confirmed, at least in a subgroup of menopausal women.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Alterations in the ultraviolet absorption spectra of steroids upon binding to serum proteins.

Difference spectra of progesterone-binding globulin (PBG) complexes with progesterone and testosterone were measured. The contributions of steroid and protein to the difference spectra were resolved by use of 5alpha-pregane-3,20-dione and dihydrotestosterone to compensate for the perturbation of PBG. The absorption spectra of seven bound steroids all showed increased extinction coefficients, sharpened absorption bands, a small blue shift, and an increased area implying an enhanced transition moment. This is in contrast to the steroid complexes with the low affinity binders, human serum albumin, and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, which exhibit decreased extinction coefficients and reduced transition moments.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1988

[Vaginosonographic imaging of the endometrium of postclimacteric females].

Vaginal sonography of the endometrium is a new method of controlling the substitution therapy with oestrogen and progesterone during the postmenopausal period. The advantages of transvaginal ultrasonic diagnosis are that the uterus can be seen from the fornix vaginae, that it is situated at close range, and that the examination can be conducted whether the bladder is filled or not. The differences in thickness and structure of the endometrium, and the limitation to the surrounding myometrium, enable sonographic detection of most of the changes of the endometrium during the postmenopausal period. In our first group of patients, we found an endometrial carcinoma in 2 out of the 60 women with postmenopausal metrorrhagia. The findings were confirmed histologically. Women who have regular bleedings while undergoing hormone therapy during the postmenopausal period, show signs of proliferation in the endometrium under oestrogen therapy and signs of secretion under progesterone therapy.

Climacteric↗
PubMed1988

[Joint pain in pre- and postmenopausal arthropathia climacterica].

The menopausal syndrome consists of a variety of psychic and physical signs of different intensity. At our outpatient department for climacteric complaints and osteoporosis prevention (1. Dept. of Gynecol. and Obstetrics, Vienna) 820 women, who have been consulting this department for the first time because of prevailing complaints or prophylactic reasons, were registered in the year 1986. In the course of this work we paid particular attention to the symptom "pain in a joint" as a sign of the beginning climacteric period. Referring to our patient population we tried to analyse epidemiologically the frequency and the degree of severity of menopausal arthritic pain as well as the therapeutical response to a hormone substitution therapy. To what extent an endocrinologic explanation can be found and which facts let us assume such a statement, we tried to demonstrate in the discussion.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1987

[The menstrual cycle after hormonal growth inhibition in girls].

Up to 1979 growth was inhibited with hormones in 43 girls in puberty with constitutional gigantism. The average reduction in size as compared to the calculated final body height was 7.5 cm, treatment having been started at a skeletal age of 12.3 years and with a treatment duration of 1.4 years. In over 90% of the cases, the first spontaneous menstruation after termination of therapy occurred within three months. During the first two years, cycles were likewise regular in 90% of the cases, with a duration of 4 +/- 1 weeks. Ovarian function in adolescence was thus found not to be impaired, but rather to be more stable as compared to the total population. It may be concluded from this that the preconditions for future fertility can be regarded as favorable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Effect of hormone replacement therapy for menopause on the mechanical properties of skin.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopause on the mechanical properties of the skin in healthy women. DESIGN: A group of 114 women, including 43 nonmenopausal controls, 46 menopausal women with HRT and 25 menopausal women without HRT, participated in the study. Mechanical properties of the skin were measured on the volar forearm using a computerized suction device. SETTING: University medical center. Research laboratory in bioengineering and biometrology. RESULTS: Computerized measurements of skin deformability and viscoelasticity revealed differences between the three groups of women. A steep increase in skin extensibility was evidenced during the perimenopause in untreated women. HRT appeared to limit the age-related increase in cutaneous extensibility, thereby exerting a preventive effect on skin slackness. No effect of HRT was found on other parameters of skin viscoelasticity. CONCLUSION: HRT has a beneficial effect on some mechanical properties of skin and thus may slow the progress of intrinsic cutaneous aging.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Assessment of testicular testosterone production and Leydig cell structure.

Advances in two techniques have made the problem of assessing the acute and/or chronic effects of toxic agents on Leydig cell structure and testosterone synthesis and secretion amenable to study. First, in vitro testicular perfusion has been perfected to a point where it closely resembles in situ testosterone secretion. Second, now it is possible to quantify the proportion of Leydig cell cytoplasm occupied by the cellular organelles which contain steroidogenic enzymes. Herein, we report that inhibition of Leydig cell steroidogenic enzymes is reflected by reduced testosterone secretion by in vitro perfused rat and rabbit testes. Moreover, the activity of specific steroidogenic reactions can be monitored by measuring the secretion of reaction substrate(s) and product(s) from in vitro perfused testes. Testosterone secretion by in vitro perfused testes from five species is highly and positively correlated with the volume density of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in Leydig cell cytoplasm. Exploitation of these findings will allow toxicologists to quantitatively assess the effect of toxicants on Leydig cell testosterone biosynthesis and secretion, to identify the specific steroidogenic enzymes affected, to assess whether the membranous environment of the steroidogenic enzymes is compromised, and perhaps even to predict the deleterious effect of a toxic agent on Leydig cell steroidogenic function from a stereological assessment of Leydig cell ultrastructure.

Aging↗