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Visualizing changing social structure from a census.

"In this paper it is shown how new visualization techniques are being used to analyze the first results of the British 1991 Census and other large data sets." The focus is on new ways to show how localities develop over time. The author suggests that this cannot be done effectively using traditional quantitative techniques. "Pictures are needed to show how different processes occur in different places, and holistic patterns need also to be seen without generalizing out the detail. Neither traditional thematic mapping nor commercial geographic information systems can do this well. Spatial visualization is an alternative approach in which the researchers choose what they wish to see and how they wish to view it. Many problems require new methods of visualization for their exploration. A new census presents us not only with new statistics, but also with the opportunity and impetus to develop radically different ways of envisioning information to reveal more fully the human facts contained within a mass of social statistics."

Censuses↗

Statistical analysis of spatial data in the presence of missing observations: a methodological guide and an application to urban census data.

"In this paper a simple introduction and guide to a widely applicable method for estimating missing data in fields of enquiry such as census maps or LANDSAT images are presented. The method given is a maximum likelihood procedure.... The algorithm is presented in the form of a simple tutorial guide. An example, of median income levels in Houston [Texas], is worked through in detail for missing cells in census data. The example is characterised by a variable mean and a general variance-covariance matrix."

Americas↗

Population and dwelling unit estimates from space.

"To increase the utility of satellite imagery as a source of cheap and current information for planning and managing cities some problems have to be resolved.... One answer is to adopt interpretation methods that use the increased information in a more detailed scene. This paper reports on attempts to measure the morphological patterns in an urban satellite scene and to use these for image interpretation. The interpretation task addressed is the estimation of residential dwelling units from the patterns discernible in high resolution satellite images of cities. The practical results include dwelling estimates that can be aggregated to any geographical unit of analysis, population estimates for cities and a dwelling density surface that can be categorised into any number of residential land-use classes."

Data Collection↗